循环肿瘤DNA在脑胶质瘤中的研究进展

脑胶质瘤是脑内最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤,包括多种亚型,预后各异。其病变部位特殊,手术切除较困难,后续治疗方法极为有限。在精准医疗时代,发现肿瘤驱动基因或驱动突变、鉴定其特殊DNA突变模式已成为现代肿瘤学研究的重点和难点。常规肿瘤组织活检仅提供了单一部位、单一时间的肿瘤细胞信息,不能充分描述肿瘤基因组异质性及其动态变化的全景特征。循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)监测以非侵入性的方式连续观察肿瘤基因组的变化,为癌症诊断、治疗反应和预后判断提供有价值的生物标志物。本文回顾ctDNA在脑胶质瘤中的研究进展,对其检测方法及在早期诊断、反映肿瘤突变负荷、监测疗效和反映肿瘤细胞的异质性等方面的研究进行系统综述。

超声内镜引导细针穿刺抽吸术在胰腺占位性病变中的应用

目的探讨超声内镜引导细针穿刺抽吸术(EUS-FNA)在胰腺占位性病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年9月2日至2020年10月2日82例江苏省苏北人民医院经影像学检查(腹部超声、CT、MRI)提示胰腺占位性病变并行EUS-FNA的患者资料,统计EUS-FNA对胰腺占位性病变的敏感性、准确性、特异性。结果82例胰腺占位穿刺患者中,EUS-FNA诊断准确性90.2%,特异性100%,敏感性88.2%;病灶>2 cm的诊断准确性明显高于病灶≤2 cm的准确性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EUS-FNA对诊断胰腺占位性病变具有较高的敏感性和特异性,对于胰腺癌的早期诊断具有重要价值;EUS-FNA的诊断准确性和敏感性与胰腺肿块的大小呈正相关。

黄翅大白蚁后肠优势菌大白蚁营发酵菌的全基因组序列分析

【目的】营发酵单胞菌属Dysgonomonas是黄翅大白蚁后肠的第二优势微生物。前期研究中,我们从黄翅大白蚁后肠分离出一种命名为大白蚁营发酵菌的新菌。为深入了解大白蚁营发酵菌在宿主白蚁体内发挥的作用和功能,有必要解析大白蚁营发酵菌的基因组序列信息。【方法】使用Illumina Miseq测序平台获取该菌的全基因组序列,将其全基因组序列经过注释的基因蛋白质序列提交COG和KEGG数据库进行BLASTp比对分析,确定该菌潜在的重要酶类和代谢途径,并对个别纤维素酶活进行检测。【结果】大白蚁营发酵菌整个基因组大小为4655756 bp,GC含量为38.54%,DDBJ数据库登录号为BBXL01000001–BBXL01000078。生物信息学分析结果表明菌株大白蚁营发酵菌具有多个木质纤维素降解酶基因,且具备完整的木质纤维素降解和乙酸、乳酸生成通路。此外发现该菌株中存在与氮源代谢和抵御病原体相关的基因。【结论】本研究首次解析大白蚁营发酵菌的全基因组序列,了解其基因组基本特征,初步探讨了该菌降解木质纤维素的过程,为细菌协助宿主白蚁降解木质纤维素提供了理论基础,同时为该菌可能参与宿主白蚁氮源代谢和抵御病原体入侵提供了依据。

Amelioration of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice by DSW therapy inspired hydrogel

Psoriasis is a long-lasting and recurrent autoimmune disease which is incurable so far.Dead Sea water(DSW)therapy is an effective approach to help control the symptoms of psoriasis due to the abundant mineral ions in DSW,which inspired the material formulation in this study.Rubidium–Sodium alginate/Polyacrylamide hydrogels(Rb-SA/PAAm gels)composed of sodium alginate and polyacrylamide interpenetrating network structure with different concentrations of rubidium and certain magnesium and zinc content were prepared for the treatment of psoriasis.The obtained results suggest the good mechanical properties of the Rb-SA/PAAm gels including toughness and swelling performance.In terms of in vitro tests,the Rb-SA/PAAm gels not only show nontoxicity to human keratinocyte cell line(Hacats)but also inhibits the activity against inflammatory NF-κβ signaling pathway.Meanwhile,they can release Rb+which enable the Rb-SA/PAAm gels have better antibacterial ability to Streptococcus and Escherichia coli.The results obtained from in vivo tests indicate that these hydrogels could alleviate the symptoms of psoriasis caused by Imiquimod(IMQ)in mice by reducing the inflammatory factor in STAT3 pathway and therefore reduce the immune stimulation of the spleen.In conclusion,the 100Rb-SA/PAAm gel has demonstrated great potential to be a topical wettable dressing for psoriasis treatment.

Whole-process modeling of titanium disc forming for gradient distributions of temperature and deformation

Gradient distributions of temperature and deformation(GDTD)are crucial for achieving dual-performance discs of titanium alloys which is required by the service environment of aeroengine.However,heating,cooling and deforming sequence in the whole process of the titanium disc forming,which leads to difficulties for achieving GDTD due to a lot of parameters.To solve this problem,a whole-process model of the titanium disc forming for GDTD has been established.In the model,heating and cooling via heat radiation,conduction and convection,and deforming by local loading with mold chilling are all considered.Experiments on heating and cooling as well as deforming were carried out by using a furnace and the Gleeble-3500 machine.The experimental data are used to determine thermal parameters and constitutive relations of the IMI834 titanium alloy,and then to verify the reliability of the model.Then the model was used to simulate the evolution rules of temperature and deformation of the titanium disc.The results show that the heating surface,furnace temperature,billet profile and loading rate play the core role for the control of GDTD,and thus a set of parameters were determined.Therefore,this work provides a base for developing a new forming technology of the dual-performance titanium discs with the approach of local heating and local loading.

Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus type 26 and 35 in healthy populations from Guangdong and Shandong provinces,China

Human adenoviruses type 26(HAdV26)and type 35(HAdV35)have increasingly become the choice of adenovirus vectors for vaccine application.However,the population pre-existing immunity to these two adenoviruses in China,which may reduce vaccine efficacy,remains largely unknown.Here,we established micro-neutralizing(MN)assays to investigate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)against HAdV26 and HAdV35 in the general population of Guangdong and Shandong provinces,China.A total of 1184 serum samples were collected,47.0%and 15.8%of which showed HAdV26 and HAdV35 nAb activity,respectively.HAdV26-seropositive individuals tended to have more moderate nAbs titers(201-1000),while HAdV35-seropositive individuals appeared to have more low nAbs titers(72-200).The seropositive rates of HAdV26 and HAdV35 in individuals younger than 20 years old were very low.The seropositive rates of HAdV26 increased with age before 70 years old and decreased thereafter,while HAdV35 seropositive rates did not show similar characteristics.Notably,the seropositive rates and nAb levels of both HAdV26 and HAdV35 were higher in Guangdong Province than in Shandong Province,but did not exert significant differences between males and females.The seroprevalence between HAdV26 and HAdV35 showed little correlation,and no significant cross-neutralizing activity was detected.These results clarified the characteristics of the herd immunity against HAdV26 and HAdV35,and provided information for the rational development and application of HAdV26 and HAdV35 as vaccine vectors in China.

Retraction notice to“Amelioration of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice by DSW therapy inspired hydrogel”[BIOMAT 6(2021)299-311]

This article has been retracted:please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal(https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).This article has been retracted at the request of all the Authors,the Editor-in-Chief and the owner of the journal.The article has been retracted because of the authors recently re-conducted partly the experiments and found that the anti-bacteria behavior of Rb+was not reproducible.As shown in Fig.1(see enclosed file),at a centration as high as 200 mM,the addition of single Rb+does not show anti-bacteria effect.In Fig.2(see enclosed file),the authors prepared a mixed solution containing Rb+,Mg2+and Zn2+with concentrations close to those(12 h)in the article,and found that the mixed solution does not show anti-bacterial effect either.The two figures indicate that the anti-bacteria effect of Rb+is not conclusive,which seriously impairs the rigidity of the paper.Considering complex factors influencing the experiments with hydrogels,there might be other effects on the anti-bacteria behavior.However,since the anti-bacteria effect of Rb+is incorrect,the authors would like to retract the published article.