藜麦饲用研究进展与应用前景分析

藜麦是一种粮饲兼用型作物,其籽粒被视为营养全面的粮食,茎叶可作为饲草饲喂牲畜。当前藜麦食用价值已经得到广泛的研究与认可,但是其饲用发展潜力仍缺乏系统而深入的研究。结合近年来国内外发表的藜麦饲用研究的相关数据,对藜麦的饲用价值和饲用研究进行了总结,并对限制藜麦饲用开发的关键因素及应用前景进行归纳。结果表明,藜麦全株的营养价值较高,生物产量较大,具有广泛的环境适应性,是良好的饲草替代品。在灌浆期收获,藜麦全株饲用价值高且适口性好,适宜作为青绿饲料和青贮原料。由于当前市场缺乏高产、稳产、低皂苷和低纤维素的饲用藜麦品种,限制了其广泛的饲料应用。随着我国畜牧业的发展,充分开发利用藜麦这一优质饲草,对解决优质饲料短缺具有重要意义。

伊犁河谷不同藜麦品种对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐评价

为了研究伊犁河谷不同藜麦品种对盐胁迫的生理响应、评价藜麦品种耐盐性,以NXSG56、NXSG85、HP9、GY3、QA13-9共5个藜麦品种为材料,分别用50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl溶液处理种子及幼苗,研究不同NaCl浓度对种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明,随NaCl浓度升高,藜麦种子发芽率、发芽势及幼苗地下部分干鲜重、叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、胁迫初期叶片可溶性糖含量均呈先上升后下降趋势;幼苗叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸、丙二醛、Na^(+)及后期叶片可溶性糖含量持续上升;地上部分干鲜重、纤维素及K+含量持续下降。说明各藜麦品种幼苗在受到NaCl胁迫时会通过提高渗透物质含量、增加根系吸收面积、增强超氧化物歧化酶活性等自我保护机制对抗盐胁迫。以上结果表明,NXSG85、NXSG56较其他品种耐盐,QA13-9对NaCl胁迫较敏感。

BMPR2 and HIF1-α overexpression in resected osteosarcoma correlates with distant metastasis and patient survival

Objective： Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2（BMPR2） and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α（HIF1-α） existed abnormal expression in several types of cancer. However, their expressions and related roles in osteosarcoma are largely unknown.Methods：To investigate the clinical significance of BMPR2 and HIF1-αin osteosarcoma,we analyzed their expression levels in 103 osteosarcoma specimens by immunochemistry.Meanwhile,we conducted a follow-up to examine the metastatic behavior and overall survival（OS）of osteosarcoma patients.Results：Among 103 tissues,61 cases had BMPR2-positive expression and 57 cases had HIF1-αpositive expression.A significant correlation was noticed between BMPR2 and HIF1-αexpression in osteosarcoma specimens（P=0.035）.Receiver-operating characteristic（ROC）curves were calculated to investigate the predictive value of the two markers in tumor metastasis.By means of univariate and multivariate analysis,BMPR2 and HIF1-αexpression,as well as higher tumor grade,were identified as significant risk factors for OS in patients with osteosarcoma.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the patients with BMPR2 and HIF1-αpositive expression had worse OS compared with patients with BMPR2-negative or HIF1-α-negative staining.Conclusions：It can be concluded that BMPR2 and HIF1-αexpression is highly correlated with metastatic behavior in patients with osteosarcoma and can serve as predictive markers for metastasis and OS of these patients.

浸水条件下减振型板式无砟轨道系统性能试验研究

为研究在浸水条件下减振型板式无砟轨道系统的减振性能和CA砂浆充填层的力学性能随不同疲劳强度的演变规律,开展浸水后减振型板式无砟轨道系统的疲劳加载试验。研究结果表明:在浸水条件下,减振型板式无砟轨道系统在疲劳加载500万次后,各部件功能稳定,系统疲劳性能良好;钢轨→承轨台→轨道板→地面的加速度衰减较为明显,加速度传递率保持稳定不变,轨道系统减振性能保持良好; CA砂浆充填层劣化程度与表面受荷情况有关,CA砂浆充填层受荷越大,其疲劳后抗压强度和抗折强度越低。

不同分子亚型局部晚期乳腺癌的新辅化疗反应率的临床研究(英文)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different molecular subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on the response rate for patients with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and seven breast cancer patients admitted from 2007 to 2011 who received 4 cycles of docetaxel/epirubicin-combined (TE) neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed, the patients were classified into 4 subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) according to different combination patterns of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) expression defined by IHC method. The correlation between response rate and the molecular subtypes were analyzed. Results: The pathological complete response (PCR), clinical complete response (CCR), clinical partial response (CPR), and clinical stable disease (CSD) rate of whole group was 15.89% (17/107), 22.43% (24/107), 63.55% (68/107), 14.02% (15/107), respectively, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 85.98% (92/107). The PCR rate and ORR of luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 and TNBC subtypes was 4.76% and 73.81%; 16.67% and 83.33%;17.65% and 100.00%; 30.00% and 96.67%, respectively. The PCR and ORR rate of HER-2/TNBC subtypes was higher than that of luminal A/B subtypes (P = 0.019, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Different molecular subtypes display different response rate for patients with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant TE chemotherapy, HER-2/TNBC subtypes have a higher PCR and ORR rate than that of luminal A/B subtypes.

Radiosensitization by microRNA30a-5p in a nude mouse model with subcutaneous lung-cancer xenograft

Objective We aimed to observe the radiosensitization effect of mir-30a-5p in a nude mouse model with subcutaneous lung-cancer xenograft and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods A549 cell lines with either stable upregulation or downregulation of mir-30a-5p,and their negative control,were transfected with lentivirus vectors.These cell lines were used to establish a nude mouse model with subcutaneous lung-cancer xenograft.Each group was randomly divided into irradiated and non-irradiated groups.The radiosensitization effect of mir-30a-5p in vivo was studied by observing xenograft growth trends and tumor weight.The mechanisms involved in this radiosensitization were investigated by detecting expressed radiosensitization-related proteins,using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results The expression level of mir-30a-5p in the lenti-mir-30a-5p group was higher than that in the negative control(lenti-GFP)group and lower in the lenti-inhibitor group(P<0.05).Subcutaneous lung-cancer xenografts in the irradiation group and lenti-mir-30a-5p increased in size slowly;tumors were lighter and tumor inhibition rates were higher than those in the non-irradiation and lenti-GFP groups.In contrast,the opposite of these effects was observed in the lenti-inhibitor group.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting indicated that ATM protein expression level was lower in the lenti-mir-30a-5p group,with or without irradiation,compared to that in the lenti-GFP group.ATM protein levels were higher in the lenti-inhibitor groups.The phosphorylation level of ATM at residue 1981 was low in the groups without irradiation and increased significantly after irradiation(P<0.05).Moreover,the phosphorylation level was lower in the lenti-mir-30a-5p group and higher in the lenti-inhibitor group than that in the lenti-GFP group after irradiation(P<0.05).Conclusion Mir-30a-5p enhanced the radiosensitivity of nude mice with subcutaneous lung-cancer xenografts by inhibiting ATM phosphorylation.

等离子熔覆硼化物覆层的耐蚀性

采用等离子熔覆技术将自制的Mo-Fe-B-Cr药芯焊丝熔覆在316L不锈钢表面制备了硼化物覆层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计对硼化物覆层的组织、成分、物相和显微硬度进行分析,并通过电化学试验和中性盐雾试验对覆层的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:硼化物覆层主要由MO_(2)FeB_(2)、(Mo,Fe,Cr)3B_(2)、α-Fe和Fe_(23)(C,B)6组成,其显微硬度约为不锈钢基体的3.9倍;在中性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性略低于316L不锈钢,而在酸性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性要优于316L不锈钢;在中性盐雾腐蚀过程中,硼化物覆层表面会生成致密性良好的钝化膜,从而使覆层具备良好的耐蚀性。因此,硼化物覆层在拥有高硬度的同时还兼具良好的耐蚀性。

新疆伊犁河谷藜麦产业发展的SWOT分析

藜麦作为早期从南美引进的特色杂粮作物,近几年已在我国18个省(区)推广应用,有望发展成为一特色的新兴产业。采用SWOT分析法对新疆伊犁河谷藜麦产业发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行分析,以充分掌握和了解其产业现状、存在问题及发展方向,为今后伊犁河谷藜麦产业发展提供理论依据。结果表明,伊犁河谷藜麦产业发展的优势大于劣势,既有机遇,也有挑战:可利用藜麦耐旱、耐盐碱、耐寒等特性以及可作为粮饲兼用作物,扩大种植规模;坚持以市场为中心,制定相应的政策,加大财政投入,积极引导农民合理种植。通过发挥产品开发和"互联网+农业"等产业优势,拓市场、引人才、建基地、强科技、抓产业,必能实现伊犁河谷藜麦产业可持续发展,进而促进产业结构调整、推动精准扶贫、乡村振兴及生态环境保护。

71份藜麦品种资源的农艺性状及营养品质分析与评价

对河北坝上地区71份藜麦材料的农艺性状和籽粒营养品质进行调查分析。结果表明,材料的11个农艺性状存在不同程度变异,变异系数为5.14%~47.00%。营养品质方面,淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质含量的均值分别为57.22%、5.79%和16.10%,其中脂肪含量的变异系数最大(13.27%),蛋白质次之(6.97%),淀粉较小(3.14%)。藜麦氨基酸总量变幅为8.35~11.30g/100g,且其氨基酸评分较传统作物更为均衡。相关性分析表明,藜麦的叶片长、叶片宽、成熟期株高、叶柄长、茎粗度、单株产量和粒径均与不同营养成分的含量显著相关。主成分分析中前5个主成分累计贡献率达70.020%;聚类分析在遗传距离为7.5时将71份材料分为5个类群,其中类群Ⅰ中4份材料(20HZ61B、20HZ24B、20HZ92、20HZ07)的千粒重和蛋白质含量较高,类群Ⅲ中有4份材料(20HZ35、20HZ68、20HZ94、20HZ14B)的单株产量和千粒重较大,具有培育为优异藜麦品种的潜质。通过综合分析筛选出适宜河北坝上地区的早熟、大粒、粗茎、高单株产量、矮秆高产、高蛋白和高氨基酸含量的特异种质19份。