Magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy is superior in diagnosis of early gastric cancer

AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy,magnifying endoscopy(ME),and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy(ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer(EGC).METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2012,a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy(HD-WLE) in four different referentialhospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE,ME,and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS:Among the 3675 lesions found,1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis,1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia,631 as low-grade neoplasia,and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%,99.1%,85.5%,97.9% and 97.1%,respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%,98.8%,83.3%,98.6% and 97.6%,respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%,98.6%,82.1%,99.0% and 97.8%,respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.

Differential gene expression profiling of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the differentiated whole genome expression profiling of gastric high-and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma.METHODS:Gastric specimens from an upper magnifying chromoendoscopic targeted biopsy were collected from March 2010 to May 2013.Whole genome expression profiling was performed on 19 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN),20 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN),19 early-stage adenocarcinoma(EGC),and 19 chronic gastritis tissue samples using Agilent 4×44K Whole Human Genome microarrays.Differentially expressed genes between different types of lesions were identified using an unpaired t-test and corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate algorithm.A gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis was performed using the Gene Spring software GX 12.6.The differentially expressed gene was verified using a real-time TaqManPCR assay with independent tissue samples,including 26 LGIN,15 HGIN,14 EGC,and 20 chronic gastritis.The expression of G0S2 were further validated by immunohistochemical staining(IHC)in 24 LGIN,40 HGIN,30 EGC and 61 chronic gastritis specimens.RESULTS:The gene expression patterns of LGIN and HGIN tissues were distinct.There were 2521 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in HGIN,with951 upregulated and 1570 downregulated.A GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the most striking overexpressed transcripts in HGIN compared with LGIN were in the category of metabolism,defense response,and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)cascade.While the vast majority of transcripts had barely altered expression in HGIN and EGC tissues,only 38 transcripts were upregulated in EGC.A GO enrichment analysis revealed that the alterations of the immune response were most prominent in the progression from HGIN to EGC.It is worth noting that,compared with LGIN,289 transcriptswere expressed at higher levels both in HGIN and EGC.A characteristic gene,G0/G1 switch 2(G0S2)was one of the 289 transcripts and related to metabolism,the immune response,and the NF-κB cascade,and its expression was validated in independent samples through real-time TaqManPCR and immunohistochemical staining.In real-time PCR analysis,the expression of G0S2 was elevated both in HGIN and EGC compared with that in LGIN(P<0.01 and P<0.001,respectively).In IHC analysis,G0S2 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic of neoplastic cells,but was undetectable in chronic gastritis cells.The G0S2 expression in HGIN was higher than that of LGIN(P=0.012,χ2=6.28)and EGC(P=0.008,χ2=6.94).CONCLUSION:A clear biological distinction between gastric high-and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was identified,and provides molecular evidence for clinical application.

Establishment of risk model for pancreatic cancer in Chinese Han population

瞄准：为胰腺的癌症调查风险因素并且为汉人口建立一个风险模型。方法：这基于人口的盒子控制研究从 2002 年 1 月被执行到 2004 年 4 月。119 个胰腺的癌症病人和 238 个健康的人完成了被用于风险因素分析的问询表。逻辑回归分析被用来推测机会比率(ORs ) ， 95% 信心间隔(Cls ) 和贝它珍视，它进一步被用来建立风险模型。结果：根据学习，吸了超过 17 包装年的人有更高的风险与不抽烟的人或轻吸烟者(不超过 17 包装年) 相比得胰腺的癌症(或 1.98；95% CI 1.11-3.49， P = 0.017 ) 。更重要地，在人的重吸烟者为得胰腺的癌症增加了风险(或 2.11；95%CI 1.18-3.78， P = 0.012 ) 比女人。重白酒喝酒者(】20 杯年) 为胰腺的癌症增加了风险(或 3.68；95%CI 1.60-8.44 ) 。有高肉吸入的施米特氏饮食也被连接到胰腺的癌症。而且， 18.5% 胰腺的癌症病人与 5.8% 的控制组相比有糖尿病(P = 0.0003 ) 。胰腺的癌症的典型症状是厌食，上面的腹的疼痛，膨胀，黄疸和重量损失。每个风险因素被分配价值代表它与胰腺的癌症联系的重要性。随后由一起增加所有点，一个风险得分模型作为在风险得胰腺的癌症比 45 高与价值被建立。结论：，吸烟，喝的、高肉食和糖尿病是为胰腺的癌症的主要风险因素。为在中国汉人口的胰腺的癌症的一个风险模型与 88.9% 敏感和 97.6% 特性被建立了。

Double Resonance Raman Scattering in Single-Layer MoSe_2 under Moderate Pressure

Pressure-dependent properties in layered transition-dichalcogenides are important for our understanding of their basic structures and applications. We investigate the electronic structure in MoSe_2 monolayer under external pressure up to 5.73 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. The double resonance out-of-plane acoustic mode(2ZA) phonon is observed in Raman spectroscopy near 250 cm^(-1), which presents pronounced intensity and pressure dependence. Significant variation in 2ZA peak intensity under different pressures reflects the change in electronic band structure as pressure varies, which is consistent with the blue shift in PL spectroscopy. The high sensitivity in both Raman and PL spectroscopy under moderate pressure in such a two-dimensional material may have many advantages for optoelectronic applications.