The origin of the quantum superconductor to metal transition at zero temperature in two-dimensional superconductors is still an open problem,which has caused intensely discussion.Here,we report the observation of a qu...The origin of the quantum superconductor to metal transition at zero temperature in two-dimensional superconductors is still an open problem,which has caused intensely discussion.Here,we report the observation of a quantum superconductor-to-metal transition in La Al O_(3)/KTa O_(3)(111)interface,driven by magnetic field.When a small magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane is applied,the residual saturated resistance is observed,indicating the emergence of an anomalous metallic state associated with a failed superconductor.The dependence of saturated resistance on magnetic field at low temperature indicates that the observed metal state is a Bose metal state.From our findings,magnetic field regulating La Al O_(3)/KTa O_(3)(111)interface emerges as a platform to scrutinize the details of the anomalous metallic state in a controllable way.展开更多
BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)is a monogenic genetic disease often clinically misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MODY type 9(MODY9)is a rare subtype caused by mutations in the PAX4 gene.C...BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)is a monogenic genetic disease often clinically misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MODY type 9(MODY9)is a rare subtype caused by mutations in the PAX4 gene.Currently,there are limited reports on PAX4-MODY,and its clinical characteristics and treatments are still unclear.In this report,we described a Chinese patient with high autoimmune antibodies,hyperglycemia and a site mutation in the PAX4 gene.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old obese woman suffered diabetes ketoacidosis after consuming substantial amounts of beverages.She had never had diabetes before,and no one in her family had it.However,her autoantibody tested positive,and she managed her blood glucose within the normal range for 6 mo through lifestyle interventions.Later,her blood glucose gradually increased.Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on her family.The results revealed that she and her mother had a heterozygous mutation in the PAX4 gene(c.314G>A,p.R105H),but her daughter did not.The patient is currently taking liraglutide(1.8 mg/d),and her blood glucose levels are under control.Previous cases were retrieved from PubMed to investigate the relationship between PAX4 gene mutations and diabetes.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of a PAX4 gene heterozygous mutation site(c.314G>A,p.R105H),which does not appear pathogenic to MODY9 but may facilitate the progression of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,is a growing global medical problem.The incidence of NAFLD and its associated end-stage liver disease...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,is a growing global medical problem.The incidence of NAFLD and its associated end-stage liver disease is increasing each year,and many research advancements have been achieved to date.This review focuses on the current knowledge of the sex differences in NAFLD and does not elaborate on areas without differences.Studies have revealed significant sex differences in the prevalence,influencing factors,pathophysiology,complications and therapies of NAFLD.Men have a higher incidence than women.Compared with women,men exhibit increased visceral fat deposition,are more susceptible to leptin resistance,lack estrogen receptors,and tend to synthesize fatty acids into fat storage.Male patients will experience more severe hepatic fibrosis and a higher incidence of liver cancer.However,once NAFLD occurs,women show a faster progression of liver fibrosis,higher levels of liver cell damage and inflammation and are less likely to undergo liver transplantation than men.In general,men have more risk factors and more severe pathophysiological reactions than women,whereas the development of NAFLD is faster in women,and the treatments for women are more limited than those for men.Thus,whether sex differences should be considered in the individualized prevention and treatment of NAFLD in the future is worth considering.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a major chronic liver disorder worldwide,and there is no established treatment for this disease.We conducted a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare existing treatme...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a major chronic liver disorder worldwide,and there is no established treatment for this disease.We conducted a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare existing treatments,which include four classes of antidiabetic drugs,and examined the optimum treatments for NAFLD.AIM To compare the effectiveness of different treatments for NAFLD.METHODS An NMA was conducted using Stata 14.0(Corporation LLC,College Station,United States)and R(X643.6.3 version)in this study.Eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were searched in the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Medline and Web of Science databases from database inception to April 2021.Two researchers independently screened the available studies in strict accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies.The variables with and without dimensional differences were calculated as the standardized mean difference and weighted mean difference,respectively.An inconsistency model and“nodesplitting”technique were used to test for inconsistency.Funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias.RESULTS Twenty-two eligible RCTs involving 1377 participants were eventually included in our analysis.Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Our NMA results revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)were the most effective treatment,yielding improvements in hepatic fat content(HFC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serumγ-glutamyl transferase(GGT)and body weight[surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)=99.6%,92.6%,82.8%,92.3%and 99.6%,respectively],while thiazolidinediones(TZDs)were the best intervention for reducing the NAFLD activity score(NAS;SUCRA=98.9%).In addition,moderate performance was observed for the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors groups(SUCRA=25.1%,66.2%,63.5%,58.2%and 71.9%for HFC,ALT,AST,GGT and body weight,respectively).However,metformin performed poorly according to most indicators(SUCRA=54.5%,0.3%,19.5%,33.7%,57.7%and 44.3%for HFC,NAS,ALT,AST,GGT and body weight,respectively).CONCLUSION GLP-1RAs may be the optimum choice for most patients with NAFLD.However,TZDs are considered the most effective therapies in NAFLD patients with histological disease activity.展开更多
High mobility quasi two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)found at the CaZrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) nonpolar heterointerface is attractive and provides a platform for the development of functional devices and nanoelectronics.Here ...High mobility quasi two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)found at the CaZrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) nonpolar heterointerface is attractive and provides a platform for the development of functional devices and nanoelectronics.Here we report that the carrier density and mobility at low temperature can be tuned by gate voltage at the CaZrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) interface.Furthermore,the magnitude of Rashba spin-orbit interaction can be modulated and increases with the gate voltage.Remarkably,the diffusion constant and the spin-orbit relaxation time can be strongly tuned by gate voltage.The diffusion constant increases by a factor of~19.98 and the relaxation time is reduced by a factor of over three orders of magnitude while the gate voltage is swept from-50 V to 100 V.These findings not only lay a foundation for further understanding the underlying mechanism of Rashba spin-orbit coupling,but also have great significance in developing various oxide functional devices.展开更多
Background As one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments,chronic nonspecific low-back pain(CNLBP)causes persistent disability and substantial medical expenses.Epidemiological evidence shows that the incidence rat...Background As one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments,chronic nonspecific low-back pain(CNLBP)causes persistent disability and substantial medical expenses.Epidemiological evidence shows that the incidence rate of CNLBP in young and middle-aged people who are demanded rapidly recovery and social contribution is rising.Recent guidelines indicate a reduced role for medicines in the management of CNLBP.Objective The present study investigates the short-term effects of cupping and scraping therapy using a medicated balm,compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)with a capsaicin plaster,in the treatment of CNLBP.Design,setting,participants and interventions We designed a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial enrolling patients from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022.A total of 156 patients with CNLBP were randomized into two parallel groups.Diclofenac sodium-sustained release tablets were administered orally to participants in the control group for one week while a capsaicin plaster was applied externally.Patients in the test group were treated with cupping and scraping using a medical device and medicated balm.Main outcome measures Primary outcome was pain recorded using the visual analogue scale(VAS).Two secondary outcomes were recorded using the Japanese Orthopedic Association low-back pain scale(JOA)and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome integral scale(TCMS)as assessment tools.Results Between baseline and postintervention,all changes in outcome metric scales were statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared to the control group,patients in the test group had a significantly greater treatment effect in all outcome variables,as indicated by lower VAS and TCMS scores and higher JOA scores,after the one-week intervention period(P<0.001).Further,according to the findings of multivariate linear regression analysis,the participants’pain(VAS score)was related to their marital status,age,smoking habits and body mass index.No adverse reactions were reported for any participants in this trial.Conclusion The effectiveness of TCM combined with the new physiotherapy tool is superior to that of NSAID combined with topical plasters,regarding to pain intensity,TCM symptoms and quality of life.The TCM plus physiotherapy also showed more stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects.展开更多
Nonbenzenoid polycyclic arenes have attracted great attention because of their unique topological structures and appealing properties;however,they are generally considered as poor luminescent materials due to the ring...Nonbenzenoid polycyclic arenes have attracted great attention because of their unique topological structures and appealing properties;however,they are generally considered as poor luminescent materials due to the ring puckering behavior of the nonhexagons.Acepleiadylene(APD),a nonbenzenoid isomer of pyrene,has been demonstrated as an excellent building block for optoelectronic applications,but its poor photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)has hampered its application in luminescent materials.Considering that the ring puckering character can be suppressed by increasing the rigidity of the nonhexagon rings,herein,we propose a novel strategy for enhancing the aromaticity of the nonhexagons to improve the PLQYs of APD derivatives.Electron-withdrawing cyano groups are introduced on the five-membered ring of APD to enhance the chargeseparated character and thus the aromaticity of the nonhexagons,endowing the cyano-substituted APDs(CNAPD and 2CNAPD)with better rigidity.Therefore,the cyano substitution successfully suppresses the nonradiative energy dissipation caused by the ring puckering,improving the PLQY from 2.4%for APD to 14%for CNAPD,and to 63%for 2CNAPD.In addition,the enhanced rigidity also suppresses the vibration sideband of the photoluminescence spectra,leading to an ultra-narrowband emission from 2CNAPD with a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 13 nm(47 me V),which is a new record in organic molecules.These results demonstrate that APD derivatives have great potential in highly efficient luminescent materials with high color purity via the aromaticity regulation strategy,which provides a novel concept for designing nonbenzenoid luminescent materials.展开更多
U-Net has achieved good performance with the small-scale datasets through skip connections to merge the features of the low-level layers and high-level layers and has been widely utilized in biomedical image segmentat...U-Net has achieved good performance with the small-scale datasets through skip connections to merge the features of the low-level layers and high-level layers and has been widely utilized in biomedical image segmentation as well as recent microstructure image segregation of the materials.Three representative visual attention mechanism modules,named as squeeze-and-excitation networks,convolutional block attention module,and extended calibration algorithm,were intro-duced into the traditional U-Net architecture to further improve the prediction accuracy.It is found that compared with the original U-Net architecture,the evaluation index of the improved U-Net architecture has been significantly improved for the microstructure segmentation of the steels with the ferrite/martensite composite microstructure and pearlite/ferrite composite microstructure and the complex martensite/austenite island/bainite microstructure,which demonstrates the advantages of the utilization of the visual attention mechanism in the microstructure segregation.The reasons for the accuracy improvement were discussed based on the feature maps analysis.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174340, 51704338)the Basic Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72088101)the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2022YFC2904505)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92065110,11974048,and 12074334)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2014CB920903 and 2013CB921701)。
文摘The origin of the quantum superconductor to metal transition at zero temperature in two-dimensional superconductors is still an open problem,which has caused intensely discussion.Here,we report the observation of a quantum superconductor-to-metal transition in La Al O_(3)/KTa O_(3)(111)interface,driven by magnetic field.When a small magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane is applied,the residual saturated resistance is observed,indicating the emergence of an anomalous metallic state associated with a failed superconductor.The dependence of saturated resistance on magnetic field at low temperature indicates that the observed metal state is a Bose metal state.From our findings,magnetic field regulating La Al O_(3)/KTa O_(3)(111)interface emerges as a platform to scrutinize the details of the anomalous metallic state in a controllable way.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300702the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing CSTC,No.cstc2018jcyjAXO210.
文摘BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)is a monogenic genetic disease often clinically misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MODY type 9(MODY9)is a rare subtype caused by mutations in the PAX4 gene.Currently,there are limited reports on PAX4-MODY,and its clinical characteristics and treatments are still unclear.In this report,we described a Chinese patient with high autoimmune antibodies,hyperglycemia and a site mutation in the PAX4 gene.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old obese woman suffered diabetes ketoacidosis after consuming substantial amounts of beverages.She had never had diabetes before,and no one in her family had it.However,her autoantibody tested positive,and she managed her blood glucose within the normal range for 6 mo through lifestyle interventions.Later,her blood glucose gradually increased.Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on her family.The results revealed that she and her mother had a heterozygous mutation in the PAX4 gene(c.314G>A,p.R105H),but her daughter did not.The patient is currently taking liraglutide(1.8 mg/d),and her blood glucose levels are under control.Previous cases were retrieved from PubMed to investigate the relationship between PAX4 gene mutations and diabetes.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of a PAX4 gene heterozygous mutation site(c.314G>A,p.R105H),which does not appear pathogenic to MODY9 but may facilitate the progression of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
基金Project(2019JJ40377)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2020CX026)supported by the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University,ChinaProject(51934010)supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China。
基金Projects(51334008,51304243,51604160)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016zzts037)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease,is a growing global medical problem.The incidence of NAFLD and its associated end-stage liver disease is increasing each year,and many research advancements have been achieved to date.This review focuses on the current knowledge of the sex differences in NAFLD and does not elaborate on areas without differences.Studies have revealed significant sex differences in the prevalence,influencing factors,pathophysiology,complications and therapies of NAFLD.Men have a higher incidence than women.Compared with women,men exhibit increased visceral fat deposition,are more susceptible to leptin resistance,lack estrogen receptors,and tend to synthesize fatty acids into fat storage.Male patients will experience more severe hepatic fibrosis and a higher incidence of liver cancer.However,once NAFLD occurs,women show a faster progression of liver fibrosis,higher levels of liver cell damage and inflammation and are less likely to undergo liver transplantation than men.In general,men have more risk factors and more severe pathophysiological reactions than women,whereas the development of NAFLD is faster in women,and the treatments for women are more limited than those for men.Thus,whether sex differences should be considered in the individualized prevention and treatment of NAFLD in the future is worth considering.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300702Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing CSTC,No.cstc2018jcyjAXO210.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a major chronic liver disorder worldwide,and there is no established treatment for this disease.We conducted a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare existing treatments,which include four classes of antidiabetic drugs,and examined the optimum treatments for NAFLD.AIM To compare the effectiveness of different treatments for NAFLD.METHODS An NMA was conducted using Stata 14.0(Corporation LLC,College Station,United States)and R(X643.6.3 version)in this study.Eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were searched in the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Medline and Web of Science databases from database inception to April 2021.Two researchers independently screened the available studies in strict accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies.The variables with and without dimensional differences were calculated as the standardized mean difference and weighted mean difference,respectively.An inconsistency model and“nodesplitting”technique were used to test for inconsistency.Funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias.RESULTS Twenty-two eligible RCTs involving 1377 participants were eventually included in our analysis.Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Our NMA results revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)were the most effective treatment,yielding improvements in hepatic fat content(HFC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serumγ-glutamyl transferase(GGT)and body weight[surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)=99.6%,92.6%,82.8%,92.3%and 99.6%,respectively],while thiazolidinediones(TZDs)were the best intervention for reducing the NAFLD activity score(NAS;SUCRA=98.9%).In addition,moderate performance was observed for the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors groups(SUCRA=25.1%,66.2%,63.5%,58.2%and 71.9%for HFC,ALT,AST,GGT and body weight,respectively).However,metformin performed poorly according to most indicators(SUCRA=54.5%,0.3%,19.5%,33.7%,57.7%and 44.3%for HFC,NAS,ALT,AST,GGT and body weight,respectively).CONCLUSION GLP-1RAs may be the optimum choice for most patients with NAFLD.However,TZDs are considered the most effective therapies in NAFLD patients with histological disease activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.92065110,11974048,and 12074334)。
文摘High mobility quasi two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)found at the CaZrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) nonpolar heterointerface is attractive and provides a platform for the development of functional devices and nanoelectronics.Here we report that the carrier density and mobility at low temperature can be tuned by gate voltage at the CaZrO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) interface.Furthermore,the magnitude of Rashba spin-orbit interaction can be modulated and increases with the gate voltage.Remarkably,the diffusion constant and the spin-orbit relaxation time can be strongly tuned by gate voltage.The diffusion constant increases by a factor of~19.98 and the relaxation time is reduced by a factor of over three orders of magnitude while the gate voltage is swept from-50 V to 100 V.These findings not only lay a foundation for further understanding the underlying mechanism of Rashba spin-orbit coupling,but also have great significance in developing various oxide functional devices.
基金supported by the 13th Five-Year Army Key Discipline Construction Project(No.2020SZ06-17).
文摘Background As one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments,chronic nonspecific low-back pain(CNLBP)causes persistent disability and substantial medical expenses.Epidemiological evidence shows that the incidence rate of CNLBP in young and middle-aged people who are demanded rapidly recovery and social contribution is rising.Recent guidelines indicate a reduced role for medicines in the management of CNLBP.Objective The present study investigates the short-term effects of cupping and scraping therapy using a medicated balm,compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)with a capsaicin plaster,in the treatment of CNLBP.Design,setting,participants and interventions We designed a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial enrolling patients from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022.A total of 156 patients with CNLBP were randomized into two parallel groups.Diclofenac sodium-sustained release tablets were administered orally to participants in the control group for one week while a capsaicin plaster was applied externally.Patients in the test group were treated with cupping and scraping using a medical device and medicated balm.Main outcome measures Primary outcome was pain recorded using the visual analogue scale(VAS).Two secondary outcomes were recorded using the Japanese Orthopedic Association low-back pain scale(JOA)and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome integral scale(TCMS)as assessment tools.Results Between baseline and postintervention,all changes in outcome metric scales were statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared to the control group,patients in the test group had a significantly greater treatment effect in all outcome variables,as indicated by lower VAS and TCMS scores and higher JOA scores,after the one-week intervention period(P<0.001).Further,according to the findings of multivariate linear regression analysis,the participants’pain(VAS score)was related to their marital status,age,smoking habits and body mass index.No adverse reactions were reported for any participants in this trial.Conclusion The effectiveness of TCM combined with the new physiotherapy tool is superior to that of NSAID combined with topical plasters,regarding to pain intensity,TCM symptoms and quality of life.The TCM plus physiotherapy also showed more stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22071120,92256304,22221002)the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0711500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Nonbenzenoid polycyclic arenes have attracted great attention because of their unique topological structures and appealing properties;however,they are generally considered as poor luminescent materials due to the ring puckering behavior of the nonhexagons.Acepleiadylene(APD),a nonbenzenoid isomer of pyrene,has been demonstrated as an excellent building block for optoelectronic applications,but its poor photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)has hampered its application in luminescent materials.Considering that the ring puckering character can be suppressed by increasing the rigidity of the nonhexagon rings,herein,we propose a novel strategy for enhancing the aromaticity of the nonhexagons to improve the PLQYs of APD derivatives.Electron-withdrawing cyano groups are introduced on the five-membered ring of APD to enhance the chargeseparated character and thus the aromaticity of the nonhexagons,endowing the cyano-substituted APDs(CNAPD and 2CNAPD)with better rigidity.Therefore,the cyano substitution successfully suppresses the nonradiative energy dissipation caused by the ring puckering,improving the PLQY from 2.4%for APD to 14%for CNAPD,and to 63%for 2CNAPD.In addition,the enhanced rigidity also suppresses the vibration sideband of the photoluminescence spectra,leading to an ultra-narrowband emission from 2CNAPD with a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 13 nm(47 me V),which is a new record in organic molecules.These results demonstrate that APD derivatives have great potential in highly efficient luminescent materials with high color purity via the aromaticity regulation strategy,which provides a novel concept for designing nonbenzenoid luminescent materials.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071238 and U20A20279)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3706701)the 111 Project(No.D18018)。
文摘U-Net has achieved good performance with the small-scale datasets through skip connections to merge the features of the low-level layers and high-level layers and has been widely utilized in biomedical image segmentation as well as recent microstructure image segregation of the materials.Three representative visual attention mechanism modules,named as squeeze-and-excitation networks,convolutional block attention module,and extended calibration algorithm,were intro-duced into the traditional U-Net architecture to further improve the prediction accuracy.It is found that compared with the original U-Net architecture,the evaluation index of the improved U-Net architecture has been significantly improved for the microstructure segmentation of the steels with the ferrite/martensite composite microstructure and pearlite/ferrite composite microstructure and the complex martensite/austenite island/bainite microstructure,which demonstrates the advantages of the utilization of the visual attention mechanism in the microstructure segregation.The reasons for the accuracy improvement were discussed based on the feature maps analysis.
