The effect of iron metabolism on anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common emotional disorders,but its pathogenesis re-mains unclear.Research has shown that iron deficiency is more common in people with emotional disorders and that these disorders can improve after taking iron supple-ments.Many factors can cause anxiety disorders,includ-ing external stress,genetic factors,impaired neurodevel-opment,and abnormal monoamine metabolism.Studies have shown that abnormal monoamine metabolism and impaired neurodevelopment can contribute to the severity of emotional disorders.The synthesis of serotonin(5-HT)and dopamine(DA)require iron as a cofactor in the syn-thesis of monoamine metabolism,and the release of epi-nephrine(E)was potentially associated with labile iron in plasma.At the same time,iron is also directly involved in myelin synthesis as a cofactor in neural development.Therefore,iron maybe involved some of the main causes of the onset of anxiety disorders.

Scrolled Production of Large-Scale Continuous Graphene on Copper Foils

We report an efficient and economical way for mass production of large-scale graphene films with high quality and uniformity.By using the designed scrolled copper-graphite structure,a continuous graphene film with typical area of 200×39 cm^2 could be obtained in 15 min,and the production rate of the graphene film and space utilization rate of the CVD reactor can reach 520 cm 2⋅min−1 and 0.38 cm−1⋅min−1,respectively.Our method provides a guidance for the industrial production of graphene films,and may also accelerate its large-scale applications.

A survey of research in brain iron level and Alzheimer’s disease

The main pathological feature of Alz-heimer’s disease(AD)is the extracellular deposition ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)in the brain,which forms insoluble Aβplaques,and tau protein hyperphosphorylation in neu-rons,which forms intracellular fibrillary tangles.So far,none of the drugs targeting Aβhave been successful in the treatment of AD.Some studies have shown that brain iron deposition may be one of the important factors in AD pathogenesis;the distribution of iron deposition has been found to be consistent with the distribution of Aβsenile plaques in the brain.Effectively reducing brain iron load might therefore be a good therapeutic approach to prevent and treat AD.

Effect of Tongluojiunao injection made from Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng) and Zhizi(Fructus Gardeniae) on brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Tongluojiunao injection(TLJN) prepared with Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng) and Zhizi(Fructus Gardeniae) on the interaction between brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs) and astrocytes in an in vitro ischemic model.METHODS: First, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia in BMECs or astrocytes was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD). TLJN was used as a medicine of intervention. The OGD-injuredBMECs were cultured in various astrocyte-conditioned media. Cell activity, alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT) activity,interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) content in BMECs were determined.Additionally, OGD-injured astrocytes were cultured in various BMEC-conditioned media. Cell activity, as well as expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) in astrocytes, were detected.RESULTS: The results of paracrine signaling of normal BMECs or astrocytes showed a protective effect on each other: conditioned media from normal astrocytes improved cell viability, AKP, and γ-GT activity, and reduced IL-1β and TNF-α content of injured BMECs; conditioned media from normal BMECs improved cell viability and expression of BDNF and GDNF in injured astrocytes. However, once the BMECs or astrocytes were injured by OGD, the protective effect decreased or disappeared. The above-mentioned protective induction was effectively recovered by TLJN intervention.CONCLUSION: The therapeutic benefit of TLJN was achieved by recovering two-way induction between BMECs and astrocytes, enhancing activity of injured BMECs and astrocytes, stabilizing enzymatic barriers, promoting expression of neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.

电镀法实现毫米厚单晶铜板的制备

在单晶衬底上外延电镀金属为获得高度有序的金属薄膜提供了一种经济高效的方法.在传统外延电镀过程中,随镀层厚度增加,缺陷数量变多,出现孪晶,并进一步导致镀层结构向多晶转变,使得传统单晶衬底上的外延电镀只能获得几微米厚的单晶薄膜.因此,需要开发一种新的策略来调节电镀过程,实现更厚金属单晶的制备.本文以高指数单晶铜箔(25μm)为阴极,利用外延电镀法成功制备出毫米厚的单晶铜板.研究发现,高指数单晶铜表面独特的原子台阶,能够引导铜原子的有序沉积,减少缺陷、层错或晶格孪晶的形成,进而有助于更厚单晶铜的外延电镀.与相同厚度的多晶铜相比,所制备的单晶铜在电导率、延展性和疲劳性能方面有显着提升.该工作为单晶铜板的规模化生产提供了新的策略,有望推动单晶铜在高速、大功率、柔性电路等领域的高端应用.

Asymmetric dearomatization enabled by chiral Bronsted acid activation of ynamides

Chiral Bronsted acid catalysis has evolved into a powerful synthetic tool in asymmetric synthesis in the past two decades or so.However,despite the broad scope of reactions achieved by chiral Bronsted acid catalysis,they only involve the activation of a small number of functional groups.

Single-crystallization of electrolytic copper foils

Depending on the production process,copper(Cu)foils can be classified into two types,i.e.,rolled copper(r-Cu)foils and electrolytic copper(e-Cu)foils.Owing to their high electrical conductivity and ductility at low cost,e-Cu foils are employed extensively in modern industries and account for more than 98%of the Cu foil market share.However,industrial e-Cu foils have never been single-crystallized due to their high density of grain boundaries,various grain orientations and vast impurities originating from the electrochemical deposition process.Here,we report a methodology of transforming industrial e-Cu foils into single crystals by facet copy from a single-crystal template.Different facets of both low and high indices are successfully produced,and the thickness of the single crystal can reach 500μm.Crystallographic characterizations directly recognized the single-crystal copy process,confirming the complete assimilation impact from the template.The obtained single-crystal e-Cu foils exhibit remarkably improved ductility(elongation-to-fracture of 105%vs.25%),fatigue performance(the average numbers of cycles to failure of 1600 vs.200)and electrical property(electrical conductivity of 102.6%of the international annealed copper standard(IACS)vs.98.5%)than original ones.This work opens up a new avenue for the preparation of single-crystal e-Cu foils and may expand their applications in high-speed,flexible,and wearable devices.