We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin,planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated,30-nm-thick gold films.The perforated nano-voids—Babinet-inverted(complementary)nano-a...We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin,planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated,30-nm-thick gold films.The perforated nano-voids—Babinet-inverted(complementary)nano-antennas—create discrete phase shifts and form a desired wavefront of cross-polarized,scattered light.The signal-to-noise ratio in our complementary nano-antenna design is at least one order of magnitude higher than in previous metallic nano-antenna designs.We first study our proof-of-concept‘metalens’with extremely strong focusing ability:focusing at a distance of only 2.5 mm is achieved experimentally with a 4-mm-diameter lens for light at a wavelength of 676 nm.We then extend our work with one of these‘metalenses’and achieve a wavelength-controllable focal length.Optical characterization of the lens confirms that switching the incident wavelength from 676 to 476 nm changes the focal length from 7 to 10 mm,which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating light at different wavelengths within small,micrometer-scale areas.All the proposed designs can be embedded on-chip or at the end of an optical fiber.The designs also all work for two orthogonal,linear polarizations of incident light.展开更多
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip.The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical bui...The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip.The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits,giving rise to numerous metawaveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves.Here,we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms,such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers.Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized.Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials,either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs,are cataloged as well.We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems,by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance,or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities.We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits,biomedical sensing,artificial intelligence and beyond.展开更多
Citric acid,an important metabolite with abundant reactive groups,has been demonstrated as a promising starting material to synthesize diverse photoluminescent materials including small molecules,polymers,and carbon d...Citric acid,an important metabolite with abundant reactive groups,has been demonstrated as a promising starting material to synthesize diverse photoluminescent materials including small molecules,polymers,and carbon dots.The unique citrate chemistry enables the development of a series of citric acid-based molecules and nanomaterials with intriguing intrinsic band-shifting behavior,where the emission wavelength shifts as the excitation wavelength increases,ideal for chromatic imaging and many other applications.In this review,we discuss the concept of“intrinsic band-shifting photoluminescent materials”,introduce the recent advances in citric acid-based intrinsic band-shifting materials,and discuss their potential applications such as chromatic imaging and multimodal sensing.It is our hope that the insightful and forward-thinking discussion in this review will spur the innovation and applications of the unique band-shifting photoluminescent materials.展开更多
Creating materials with time-variant properties is critical for breaking reciprocity that imposes fundamental limitations on wave propagation.However,it is challenging to realize efficient and ultrafast temporal modul...Creating materials with time-variant properties is critical for breaking reciprocity that imposes fundamental limitations on wave propagation.However,it is challenging to realize efficient and ultrafast temporal modulation in a photonic system.Here,leveraging both spatial and temporal phase manipulation offered by an ultrathin nonlinear metasurface,we experimentally demonstrated nonreciprocal light reflection at wavelengths around 860 nm.The metasurface,with travelling-wave modulation upon nonlinear Kerr building blocks,creates spatial phase gradient and multi-terahertz temporal phase wobbling,which leads to unidirectional photonic transitions in both the momentum and energy spaces.We observed completely asymmetric reflections in forward and backward light propagations over a large bandwidth around 5.77 THz within a sub-wavelength interaction length of 150 nm.Our approach highlights a potential means for creating miniaturized and integratable nonreciprocal optical components.展开更多
The exploration of quantum inspired symmetries in optical systems has spawned promising physics and provided fertile ground for developing devices exhibiting exotic functionalities. Founded on the anti-parity–time (A...The exploration of quantum inspired symmetries in optical systems has spawned promising physics and provided fertile ground for developing devices exhibiting exotic functionalities. Founded on the anti-parity–time (APT)symmetry that is enabled by both spatial and temporal interplay between gain and loss,we demonstrate theoretically and numerically bi-color lasing in a single micro-ring resonator with spatiotemporal modulation along its azimuthal direction. In contrast to conventional multi-mode lasers that have mixed-frequency output,our laser exhibits stable,demultiplexed,tunable bi-color emission at different output ports. Our APT-symmetry-based laser may point out a new route for realizing compact on-chip coherent multi-color light sources.展开更多
基金This work is partially supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-12-1-0024,U.S.Army Research Office grant 57981-PH(W911NF-11-1-0359 and grant“Flat photonics with metasurfaces”)NSF grant DMR-1120923A V Kildishev is supported by the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program with UES,Inc.
文摘We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin,planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated,30-nm-thick gold films.The perforated nano-voids—Babinet-inverted(complementary)nano-antennas—create discrete phase shifts and form a desired wavefront of cross-polarized,scattered light.The signal-to-noise ratio in our complementary nano-antenna design is at least one order of magnitude higher than in previous metallic nano-antenna designs.We first study our proof-of-concept‘metalens’with extremely strong focusing ability:focusing at a distance of only 2.5 mm is achieved experimentally with a 4-mm-diameter lens for light at a wavelength of 676 nm.We then extend our work with one of these‘metalenses’and achieve a wavelength-controllable focal length.Optical characterization of the lens confirms that switching the incident wavelength from 676 to 476 nm changes the focal length from 7 to 10 mm,which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating light at different wavelengths within small,micrometer-scale areas.All the proposed designs can be embedded on-chip or at the end of an optical fiber.The designs also all work for two orthogonal,linear polarizations of incident light.
基金Q.X.acknowledges support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.62075113,61675114)S.S.is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0710101,2017YFA0303504)+8 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11874118)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1403400,20JC1414601)Fudan University-CIOMP Joint Fund(No.FC2018-008)M.Z.is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775069,61635004)J.A.F.is supported by Office of Naval Research(under Award No.N00014-20-1-2105)ARPA-E(under Award No.DE-AR0001212)Z.X.and X.Y.acknowledge support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(61935013,U1701661,61975133)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515011185)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20180507182035270,JCYJ20200109114018750).
文摘The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip.The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits,giving rise to numerous metawaveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves.Here,we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms,such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers.Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized.Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials,either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs,are cataloged as well.We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems,by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance,or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities.We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits,biomedical sensing,artificial intelligence and beyond.
基金This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants(AR072731,NS123433,HL158204,and R21EB024829).
文摘Citric acid,an important metabolite with abundant reactive groups,has been demonstrated as a promising starting material to synthesize diverse photoluminescent materials including small molecules,polymers,and carbon dots.The unique citrate chemistry enables the development of a series of citric acid-based molecules and nanomaterials with intriguing intrinsic band-shifting behavior,where the emission wavelength shifts as the excitation wavelength increases,ideal for chromatic imaging and many other applications.In this review,we discuss the concept of“intrinsic band-shifting photoluminescent materials”,introduce the recent advances in citric acid-based intrinsic band-shifting materials,and discuss their potential applications such as chromatic imaging and multimodal sensing.It is our hope that the insightful and forward-thinking discussion in this review will spur the innovation and applications of the unique band-shifting photoluminescent materials.
基金partially supported from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Penn State MRSEC,the Center for Nanoscale Science,under award number NSF DMR-1420620.
文摘Creating materials with time-variant properties is critical for breaking reciprocity that imposes fundamental limitations on wave propagation.However,it is challenging to realize efficient and ultrafast temporal modulation in a photonic system.Here,leveraging both spatial and temporal phase manipulation offered by an ultrathin nonlinear metasurface,we experimentally demonstrated nonreciprocal light reflection at wavelengths around 860 nm.The metasurface,with travelling-wave modulation upon nonlinear Kerr building blocks,creates spatial phase gradient and multi-terahertz temporal phase wobbling,which leads to unidirectional photonic transitions in both the momentum and energy spaces.We observed completely asymmetric reflections in forward and backward light propagations over a large bandwidth around 5.77 THz within a sub-wavelength interaction length of 150 nm.Our approach highlights a potential means for creating miniaturized and integratable nonreciprocal optical components.
基金Moore Inventor Fellow award from the Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Early Career Faculty Award (NASA ECF)(80NSSC17K0528)Penn State MRSEC,Center for Nanoscale Science (NSF DMR-1420620)。
文摘The exploration of quantum inspired symmetries in optical systems has spawned promising physics and provided fertile ground for developing devices exhibiting exotic functionalities. Founded on the anti-parity–time (APT)symmetry that is enabled by both spatial and temporal interplay between gain and loss,we demonstrate theoretically and numerically bi-color lasing in a single micro-ring resonator with spatiotemporal modulation along its azimuthal direction. In contrast to conventional multi-mode lasers that have mixed-frequency output,our laser exhibits stable,demultiplexed,tunable bi-color emission at different output ports. Our APT-symmetry-based laser may point out a new route for realizing compact on-chip coherent multi-color light sources.