Orange-derived extracellular vesicles nanodrugs for efficient treatment of ovarian cancer assisted by transcytosis effect

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have recently received much attention about the application of drug carriers due to their desirable properties such as nano-size,biocompatibility,and high stability.Herein,we demonstrate orange-derived extracellular vesicles(OEV)nanodrugs(DN@OEV)by modifying cRGD-targeted doxorubicin(DOX)nanoparticles(DN)onto the surface of OEV,enabling significantly enhancing tumor accumulation and penetration,thereby efficiently inhibiting the growth of ovarian cancer.The obtained DN@OEV enabled to inducement of greater transcytosis capability in ovarian cancer cells,which presented the average above 10-fold transcytosis effect compared with individual DN.It was found that DN@OEV could trigger receptor-mediated endocytosis to promote early endosome/recycling endosomes pathway for exocytosis and simultaneously reduce degradation in the early endosomes-late endosomes-lysosome pathway,thereby inducing the enhanced transcytosis.In particular,the zombie mouse model bearing orthotopic ovarian cancer further validated DN@OEV presented high accumulation and penetration in tumor tissue by the transcytosis process.Our study indicated the strategy in enhancing transcytosis has significant implications for improving the therapeutic efficacy of thedrugdelivery system.

Electroextraction of neodymium from LiCl-KCl melt using binary liquid Ga-Al cathode

The electrochemical behaviour of Nd(Ⅲ)ion was investigated on inert W,active Ga and Ga-AI cathodes.It is established that the reduction of Nd(Ⅲ)ion on the inert electrode is a consecutive two-step process while that on the active electrodes is a one-step process.The apparent standard potential of the Nd(Ⅲ)/Nd redox couple at different temperatures was determined by open-circuit chronopotentiometry and semi-differential method,and the relationship between temperature and apparent standard potential was further discussed.The thermodynamic properties of Nd in Ga and Ga-Al electrodes such as activity coefficient and activity were evaluated via intermittent coulomb titration and temperature dependence test,and the effect of temperature on activity coefficient was verified.Finally,Nd was successfully extracted in form of alloy from molten salt by galvanostatic electrolysis,in which the current efficiency of91.7%for the electroextraction indicates that the binary liquid Ga-Al electrode has favorable performance.

Flexible organic-inorganic hybrid bioceramic for bone tissue regeneration

Development of novel biomaterials for bone regeneration is based on the sufficient bone-bonding ability,bioactivity and biocompatibility.In this study,novel flexible poly(butylene succinate)/polydimethysiloxane-modified bioactive glass/nano-hydroxyapatite(PBSu/PDMS-BG/nHA)hybrid bioceramic with various nHA concentration on the in vitro bone-like hydroxyapatite(HA)formation,biomineralization activity and osteoblast cell biocompatibility were investigated.The rapid precipitation of HA on the hybrid bioceramic surfaces was found after being immersed in simulated body fluid(SBF)for seven days.Results show that the amount of HA deposition increased with the increase of nHA concentration.The optimized PBSu/PDMS-BG/nHA hybrid bioceramic exhibited good flexibility,high biomineralization activity and good osteoblast cell biocompatibility.