Technical System Construction in the Market Trading System for Demand Response Based on the Energy Internet

With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy,the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges.Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state quo in China,this paper further analyzes the system architecture and development trend of demand response under the background of Energy Internet.Five dimensions are considered:Energy Internet platform,demand response application scenarios,system architecture,information technology system construction,and demand response development trend.The results show that the application of the Energy Internet platform can effectively solve the problems of data acquisition and processing,“terminal-edge-network-cloud”cooperation of demand response,etc.The system architecture of the demand response platform that supports user resource management,user information access,control instruction receiving,control strategy issuing,and response process monitoring is proposed in this paper.It is also helpful to provide a feasible technical choice for expanding the application services of Energy Internet towards government and society.

Watermelon domestication was shaped by stepwise selection and regulation of the metabolome

Although crop domestication has greatly aided human civilization,the sequential domestication and regulation of most quality traits remain poorly understood.Here,we report the stepwise selection and regulation of major fruit quality traits that occurred during watermelon evolution.The levels of fruit cucurbitacins and flavonoids were negatively selected during speciation,whereas sugar and carotenoid contents were positively selected during domestication.Interestingly,fruit malic acid and citric acid showed the opposite selection trends during the improvement.We identified a novel gene cluster(CGC1,cucurbitacin gene cluster on chromosome 1)containing both regulatory and structural genes involved in cucurbitacin biosynthesis,which revealed a cascade of transcriptional regulation operating mechanisms.In the CGC1,an allele caused a single nucleotide change in Cl ERF1 binding sites(GCC-box)in the promoter of Cl Bh1,which resulted in reduced expression of Cl Bh1 and inhibition of cucurbitacin synthesis in cultivated watermelon.Functional analysis revealed that a rare insertion of 244 amino acids,which arose in C.amarus and became fixed in sweet watermelon,in Cl OSC(oxidosqualene cyclase)was critical for the negative selection of cucurbitacins during watermelon evolution.This research provides an important resource for metabolomics-assisted breeding in watermelon and for exploring metabolic pathway regulation mechanisms.

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of watermelon and its mutation library provide important resources for gene discovery and breeding

Watermelon,Citrullus lanatus,is the world's third largest fruit crop.Reference genomes with gaps and a narrow genetic base hinder functional genomics and genetic improvement of watermelon.Here,we report the assembly of a telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome of the elite watermelon inbred line G42 by incorporating high-coverage and accurate long-read sequencing data with multiple assembly strategies.All 11 chromosomes have been assembled into single-contig pseudomolecules without gaps,representing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date.The G42 reference genome is 369321829 bp in length and contains 24205 predicted protein-coding genes,with all 22 telomeres and 11 centromeres characterized.Furthermore,we established a pollen-EMS mutagenesis protocol and obtained over 200000M1 seeds from G42.In a sampling pool,48 monogenic phenotypic mutations,selected from 223M1and 78 M2 mutants with morphological changes,were confirmed.The average mutation density was 1 SNP/1.69Mband1 indel/4.55 Mb per M1 plant and 1SNP/1.08Mb and 1 indel/6.25 Mb per M2 plant.Taking advantage of the gap-free G42 genome,8039 mutations from 32 plants sampled from M1 and M2 families were identified with 100%accuracy,whereas only 25% of the randomly selected mutations identified using the 97103v2 reference genome could be confirmed.Using this library and the gap-free genome,two genes responsible for elongated fruit shape and male sterility(CiMs1)were identified,both caused by a single basechange from G to A.The validated gap-free genome and its EMS mutation library provide invaluable resources for functional genomics and genetic improvement of watermelon.

Smart breeding driven by big data, artificial intelligence, and integrated genomic-enviromic prediction

The first paradigm of plant breeding involves direct selection-based phenotypic observation,followed by predictive breeding using statistical models for quantitative traits constructed based on genetic experimental design and,more recently,by incorporation of molecular marker genotypes.However,plant performance or phenotype(P)is determined by the combined effects of genotype(G),envirotype(E),and genotype by environment interaction(GEI).Phenotypes can be predicted more precisely by training a model using data collected from multiple sources,including spatiotemporal omics(genomics,phenomics,and enviromics across time and space).Integration of 3D information profiles(G-P-E),each with multidimensionality,provides predictive breeding with both tremendous opportunities and great challenges.Here,we first review innovative technologies for predictive breeding.We then evaluate multidimensional information profiles that can be integrated with a predictive breeding strategy,particularly envirotypic data,which have largely been neglected in data collection and are nearly untouched in model construction.We propose a smart breeding scheme,integrated genomic-enviromic prediction(iGEP),as an extension of genomic prediction,using integrated multiomics information,big data technology,and artificial intelligence(mainly focused on machine and deep learning).We discuss how to implement iGEP,including spatiotemporal models,environmental indices,factorial and spatiotemporal structure of plant breeding data,and cross-species prediction.A strategy is then proposed for prediction-based crop redesign at both the macro(individual,population,and species)and micro(gene,metabolism,and network)scales.Finally,we provide perspectives on translating smart breeding into genetic gain through integrative breeding platforms and open-source breeding initiatives.We call for coordinated efforts in smart breeding through iGEP,institutional partnerships,and innovative technological support.

手法按摩联合乳管灌洗在早期哺乳期急性乳腺炎治疗中的疗效观察

目的:探讨手法乳腺疏通联合乳管灌洗在早期哺乳期急性乳腺炎治疗中的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2020年7月~2021年6月我院门诊收治的150例早期哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者一般资料,根据治疗方式的不同分为对照A组(n=47)、对照B组(n=51)和研究组(n=52).对照组A组给予单纯手法按摩,对照组B组给予手法按摩+低频脉冲电治疗,研究组采用手法按摩+乳管灌洗治疗.分析对比三组症状及体征消退时间、疼痛情况及体温变化情况,记录炎症因子水平变化情况.结果:研究组疗效显著优于对照组A组及对照B组,对照组A组及B组疗效比较无显著差异;研究组疼痛消退时间、肿块消失时间、皮肤发红消退时间、血象恢复时间、体温恢复时间均显著短于对照A组、对照B组,对照组B组疼痛消退时间、肿块消失时间、皮肤发红消退时间、血象恢复时间、体温恢复时间均显著短于对照A组;治疗后三组PCT、IL-4、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均显著降低,研究组以上指标均明显低于对照A组、对照B组,对照组B组以上指标亦低于对照A组;治疗后三组VAS评分、体温均显著降低,研究组治疗后以上指标均明显低于对照A组、对照B组,对照组B组以上指标低于对照A组;研究组哺乳意愿、哺乳行为率均显著高于对照A组、对照B组,回乳率、复发率明显低于对照A组、对照B组,对照B组哺乳意愿、哺乳行为率均显著高于对照A组,回乳率、复发率明显低于对照A组.结论:早期哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者采用手法乳腺疏通联合乳管灌洗治疗效果较佳,较手法按摩及低频脉冲电治疗更能缩短临床症状消退时间,显著降低机体炎症因子水平及疼痛感,体温可在更短时间内恢复正常,具有较佳的临床应用价值.