A new nonlocal plasticity model,which is based on the integral-type nonlocal model and the cubic representative volumetric element（RVE）,is proposed to simulate shear band localization in geotechnical materials such ...A new nonlocal plasticity model,which is based on the integral-type nonlocal model and the cubic representative volumetric element（RVE）,is proposed to simulate shear band localization in geotechnical materials such as soils and rocks.An algorithm is developed to solve the resulting nonlinear system of equations.In this algorithm,the nonlocal averaging of plastic strain over the RVE is evaluated using C0 elements instead of using C1 elements to solve the second-order gradient of plastic strains.To obtain the average plastic strain,a set of special elements,called the nonlocal elements,are constructed to approximate the RVE.The updating of average stresses of the local element is based on the nonlocal plastic strain of the corresponding nonlocal elements.Numerical examples show that meshindependent results can be achieved using the proposed model and the algorithm,and the thickness of the shear band is insensitive to the mesh refinement.展开更多
Microorganisms and cancer have always been the fierce enemies of human beings,but the traditional methods of treating them still have many defects.Therefore,it is extremely important to develop rapid,effective and saf...Microorganisms and cancer have always been the fierce enemies of human beings,but the traditional methods of treating them still have many defects.Therefore,it is extremely important to develop rapid,effective and safe treatments.Photodynamic Therapy(PDT)has attracted much attention because of its advantages of non-invasive,non-drug tolerance,high selectivity and low toxicity.As a result,more and more scientists are committed to developing better photosensitizers to enhance the efficiency of PDT in the therapy of microorganisms as well as tumors.The discovery of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)phenomenon provides a novel research direction for the progress of photosensitizer and brings a broader prospect for PDT.This review focuses on the recent progress of photosensitizers(PSs)with AIE properties in PDT from two aspects of anti-microbial and anti-cancer.Among them,anti-microbial aspects were introduced from the perspectives of anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and anti-viral aspects,while anti-cancer aspects were first introduced from the perspective of different target sites of photosensitizers,and then based on the modification of their own structures.Finally,the current limitations,challenges and future development of AIE photosensitizer(AIE-PSs)are clarified in view of the existing strategies and obstacles,so as to promote the development of AIE-PSs in the future clinical applications.展开更多
基金support for this work provided by Louisiana Board of Regents (RCS and Pfund)high performance grid computing resources (HPC) provided by LONI (Louisiana Optical Network Initiative)
文摘A new nonlocal plasticity model,which is based on the integral-type nonlocal model and the cubic representative volumetric element（RVE）,is proposed to simulate shear band localization in geotechnical materials such as soils and rocks.An algorithm is developed to solve the resulting nonlinear system of equations.In this algorithm,the nonlocal averaging of plastic strain over the RVE is evaluated using C0 elements instead of using C1 elements to solve the second-order gradient of plastic strains.To obtain the average plastic strain,a set of special elements,called the nonlocal elements,are constructed to approximate the RVE.The updating of average stresses of the local element is based on the nonlocal plastic strain of the corresponding nonlocal elements.Numerical examples show that meshindependent results can be achieved using the proposed model and the algorithm,and the thickness of the shear band is insensitive to the mesh refinement.
基金support of the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Grant(NSTI-CR14-21)to Chao Shen.
文摘Microorganisms and cancer have always been the fierce enemies of human beings,but the traditional methods of treating them still have many defects.Therefore,it is extremely important to develop rapid,effective and safe treatments.Photodynamic Therapy(PDT)has attracted much attention because of its advantages of non-invasive,non-drug tolerance,high selectivity and low toxicity.As a result,more and more scientists are committed to developing better photosensitizers to enhance the efficiency of PDT in the therapy of microorganisms as well as tumors.The discovery of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)phenomenon provides a novel research direction for the progress of photosensitizer and brings a broader prospect for PDT.This review focuses on the recent progress of photosensitizers(PSs)with AIE properties in PDT from two aspects of anti-microbial and anti-cancer.Among them,anti-microbial aspects were introduced from the perspectives of anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and anti-viral aspects,while anti-cancer aspects were first introduced from the perspective of different target sites of photosensitizers,and then based on the modification of their own structures.Finally,the current limitations,challenges and future development of AIE photosensitizer(AIE-PSs)are clarified in view of the existing strategies and obstacles,so as to promote the development of AIE-PSs in the future clinical applications.
