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组蛋白H3变体H3.3及其在细胞重编程中的作用 被引量:9
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作者 黄星卫 程香荣 +5 位作者 王楠 张雨薇 廖辰 金连弘 雷蕾 王晓群 《遗传》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第3期186-196,共11页
组蛋白是真核生物中一类进化上相对保守的蛋白质。由组蛋白八聚体及缠绕其上的DNA构成的核小体是真核生物染色质的基本组成单位。核小体使DNA保持固缩状态,既能维持基因组的稳定性,又能保证DNA序列可以正确地进行复制、转录、重组和修... 组蛋白是真核生物中一类进化上相对保守的蛋白质。由组蛋白八聚体及缠绕其上的DNA构成的核小体是真核生物染色质的基本组成单位。核小体使DNA保持固缩状态,既能维持基因组的稳定性,又能保证DNA序列可以正确地进行复制、转录、重组和修复。核小体调控细胞的生物过程除了通过组蛋白翻译后修饰,还可以通过组蛋白变体替换的方式进行。研究发现,组蛋白H3变体H3.3与常规组蛋白H3尽管仅有几个氨基酸的区别,但H3.3却能由特异的分子伴侣介导,整合进入染色质的特定区域,从而发挥不同的作用。同时,H3.3作为一种母源因子在正常受精和体细胞核移植等细胞重编程过程中也发挥着重要作用。本文总结了H3.3的结构特点和富集情况,探讨了特异的分子伴侣及其在细胞重编程中的作用,以期为提高体细胞重编程效率提供新思路,为体细胞重编程的应用奠定基础。 展开更多
关键词 组蛋白变体 H3.3 分子伴侣 重编程 RDNA
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核糖体DNA转录的表观调控与肿瘤发生 被引量:1
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作者 程香荣 胡兴琳 +3 位作者 姜琦 黄星卫 王楠 雷蕾 《遗传》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第3期185-192,共8页
近年来,表观遗传机制的研究结果提示核糖体DNA (rDNA)表观调控机制的缺陷可能诱导肿瘤发生。ATRX/DAXX复合物通过介导H3.3的H3K9me3修饰,建立和维持rDNA转录沉默。ATRX/DAXX基因在部分肿瘤中经常发生突变,可能刺激rDNA转录而促进肿瘤发... 近年来,表观遗传机制的研究结果提示核糖体DNA (rDNA)表观调控机制的缺陷可能诱导肿瘤发生。ATRX/DAXX复合物通过介导H3.3的H3K9me3修饰,建立和维持rDNA转录沉默。ATRX/DAXX基因在部分肿瘤中经常发生突变,可能刺激rDNA转录而促进肿瘤发生发展。本文主要阐述rDNA转录表达异常对肿瘤发生的促进作用,介绍rDNA基因转录的表观遗传调控机制,以期为针对rDNA转录调控机制的药物研发提供新的理论支持。 展开更多
关键词 RDNA 表观调控 H3.3 ATRX/DAXX 肿瘤发生
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Extraordinary radiation tolerance of a Ni nanocrystal-decorated carbon nanotube network encapsulated in amorphous carbon
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作者 Kan Cui Yang Zhao +9 位作者 Zhi Yu Miaosen Yu Xiaoqi Li xingwei huang Jianhang Qiu Liangting Sun Hongwei Zhao Ning Gao Kaiping Tai Chang Liu 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第24期253-261,共9页
Nanostructured materials with abundant defect sinks show good radiation tolerance due to their efficient absorption of irradiation-induced interstitials and vacancies.However,the poor thermal stability and limited siz... Nanostructured materials with abundant defect sinks show good radiation tolerance due to their efficient absorption of irradiation-induced interstitials and vacancies.However,the poor thermal stability and limited size of such nanomaterials severely limit their practical applications.Herein,we report a novel flexible free-standing network-structured hybrid consisting of amorphous carbon encapsulated nickel nanocrystals anchored on a single-wall carbon nanotube scaffold with excellent radiation tolerance up to 5 dpa at 673 K and exceptional thermal stability up to 1073 K.The nano-scale Ni-SWCNT network with abundant Ni-SWCNT interfaces and grain boundaries provides effective sinks and fast transportation channels for defects,which effectively absorb irradiation-induced defects and improved the irradiation tolerance.Furthermore,the formation of a low-energy Ni-C interface and surface thermal grooves significantly reduces the system free energy and increased thermal stability.The amorphous carbon layer produces an external compressive radial stress that inhibits Ni grain boundaries from migrating,which greatly improves the thermal stability of the hybrid by pinning GBs at grooves between grains and facilitates the annihilation of irradiation-induced defects at the sinks.This work provides a new strategy to improve the thermal stability and radiation tolerance of nano-materials used in an irradiation environment. 展开更多
关键词 Radiation tolerance Ni nanocrystals Carbon nanotube Thermal stability Flexible hybrid
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High strength and ductility achieved in friction stir processed Ni-Co based superalloy with fine grains and nanotwins 被引量:2
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作者 Miao Wang xingwei huang +3 位作者 Peng Xue Shangquan Wu Chuanyong Cui Qingchuan Zhang 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第11期162-172,共11页
The trade-off between strength and ductility has been an enormous difficulty in the field of materials for an extended time due to their inverse correlation. In this work, friction stir processing(FSP) was for the fir... The trade-off between strength and ductility has been an enormous difficulty in the field of materials for an extended time due to their inverse correlation. In this work, friction stir processing(FSP) was for the first time performed to high-strength and high-melting-point Ni-Co based superalloy(GH4068),and enhanced strength and ductility were achieved in FSP samples. At room temperature, the FSP sample demonstrated significantly higher yield strength and ultimate tensile strength(1290 and 1670 MPa)than that of the base material(BM, 758 and 904 MPa) and advanced wrought GH4068 alloy(982 and 1291 MPa), concurrent with high tensile ductility(~24%). Compared with the BM, 70% higher yield strength of the FSP sample results from the remarkable contribution of grain-boundary and nanotwin strengthening, which has been confirmed by the multimechanistic model studied in this work. More importantly, with increasing temperature, an excellent strength-ductility synergy was obtained at 400 ℃,i.e., the yield strength of the FSP sample was increased by more than 50% compared with the BM(from789 to 1219 MPa);more interestingly, the elongation was also significantly increased from 17.9% in the BM to 28.5% in the FSP sample. Meanwhile, the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect was observed in the engineering stress-strain curve. The occurrence of this effect may be attributed to the interaction between solutes and defects like twins and mobile dislocations. Moreover, the grain refinement mechanism of FSP samples was proved to be discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. 展开更多
关键词 SUPERALLOY Friction stir processing Grain refinement NANOTWINS
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