Advanced Organic Materials for Nonmetallic Charge Carrier-Based Batteries

Organic electrode materials(OEMs),withmerits of structural diversity,molecular-level controllability,resource abundance,and environmental friendliness,have become a promising electrode candidate for low-carbon renewable batteries.Safer,environmentally benign,and sustainable aqueous rechargeable batteries are particularly appealing for large-scale energy storage applications.This review aims to provide an insightful discussion of OEMs in nonmetallic charge carrier-based batteries,especially for the application in aqueous rechargeable systems.The emerging application of OEMs in versatile aqueous batteries will be analyzed emphatically,including aqueous proton batteries,aqueous ammonium-ion batteries,and air self-charging batteries.We expect that this review can serve as a guide for the future development of OEMs in nonmetallic charge carrier-based batteries and provide inspiration for unmet challenges.

A new class of luminescent nanoprobes based on main-group Sb^(3+) emitters

Inorganic luminescent nanocrystals(NCs)doped with main-group ns^(2)-metal ions have evoked tremendous interest in many technological fields owing to their superior optical properties.Herein,we report a new class of luminescent nanoprobes based on 5s2-metal Sb3+-doped CaS NCs that are excitable by using a near ultraviolet light-emitting diode.The optical properties and excited-state dynamics of Sb3+in CaS NCs are comprehensively surveyed through temperature-dependent steady-state and transient photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopies.Owing to the strong electron-phonon coupling of Sb^(3+)in CaS NCs,Sb3+ions experience a dynamic Jahn-Taller distortion on the excited state,which results in bright green PL of Sb3+with a broad emission band,a large Stokes shift,and a high PL quantum yield up to 17.3%.By taking advantage of the intense PL of Sb^(3+),we show in proof-of-concept experiments the application of biotinylated CaS:Sb^(3+)NCs as sensitive luminescent nanoprobes for biotin receptor-targeted cancer cell imaging and zebrafish imaging with a high imaging contrast.These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited-state dynamics of Sb^(3+)in CaS NCs,thus laying a foundation for future design of novel and versatile luminescent nanoprobes via main-group ns2-metal doping.

Unraveling the triplet excited-state dynamics of Bi^(3+)in vacancyordered double perovskite Cs_(2)SnCl_(6) nanocrystals

Luminescent metal halides doped with ns^(2-)metal ions such as 6s^(2-)metal Bi^(3+)have aroused reviving interest owing to their outstanding optical properties;however,the origin of the photoluminescence(PL)remains controversial and unclear.Herein,we report a strategy for the controlled synthesis of Bi^(3+)-doped vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs_(2)SnCl_(6)nanocrystals(NCs)and unravel the triplet excited-state dynamics of Bi^(3+)through temperature-dependent PL and ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies.Owing to the aliovalent Bi^(3+)doping in the spatially confined zero-dimensional(0D)structure of Cs2SnCl6,Bi^(3+)ions experience an enhancive Jahn-Teller distortion in the excited state,which results in intense broadband blue PL originating from the inter-configurational 3P0,1→1S0 transitions of Bi^(3+)at 450 nm,with a large Stokes shift and a quantum yield of 35.2%.Specifically,an unusual thermal-enhanced Jahn-Teller splitting of the excitation band and a remarkable transition of the PL lifetime from ms at 10 K toμs at 300 K were observed,as solid evidence for the isolated Bi^(3+)emission.These findings clarify the controversy about the PL origin in ns^(2-)metal ion-doped lead-free luminescent metal halides,thereby paving the way for exploring their optoelectronic applications.