MEMS reservoir computing system with stiffness modulation for multi-scene data processing at the edge

Reservoir computing(RC)is a bio-inspired neural network structure which can be implemented in hardware with ease.It has been applied across various fields such as memristors,and electrochemical reactions,among which the microelectro-mechanical systems(MEMS)is supposed to be the closest to sensing and computing integration.While previous MEMS RCs have demonstrated their potential as reservoirs,the amplitude modulation mode was found to be inadequate for computing directly upon sensing.To achieve this objective,this paper introduces a novel MEMS reservoir computing system based on stiffness modulation,where natural signals directly influence the system stiffness as input.Under this innovative concept,information can be processed locally without the need for advanced data collection and preprocessing.We present an integrated RC system characterized by small volume and low power consumption,eliminating complicated setups in traditional MEMS RC for data discretization and transduction.Both simulation and experiment were conducted on our accelerometer.We performed nonlinearity tuning for the resonator and optimized the post-processing algorithm by introducing a digital mask operator.Consequently,our MEMS RC is capable of both classification and forecasting,surpassing the capabilities of our previous non-delay-based architecture.Our method successfully processed word classification,with a 99.8%accuracy,and chaos forecasting,with a 0.0305 normalized mean square error(NMSE),demonstrating its adaptability for multi-scene data processing.This work is essential as it presents a novel MEMS RC with stiffness modulation,offering a simplified,efficient approach to integrate sensing and computing.Our approach has initiated edge computing,enabling emergent applications in MEMS for local computations.

A decouple-decomposition noise analysis model for closed-loop mode-localized tilt sensors

The development of mode-localized sensors based on amplitude output metrics has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the potential of such sensors for high sensitivity and resolution.Mode-localization phenomena leverage the interaction between multiple coupled resonant modes to achieve enhanced performance,providing a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional sensing technologies.Amplitude noise plays a key role in determining the resolution of mode-localized sensors,as the output metric is derived from the measured AR(amplitude ratio)within the weakly coupled resonator system.However,the amplitude noise originating from the weakly coupled resonator's closed-loop circuit has not yet been fully investigated.This paper presents a decouple-decomposition(DD)noise analysis model,which is applied to achieve high resolution in a mode-localized tilt sensor based on a weakly coupled resonator closed-loop circuit.The DD noise model separates the weakly coupled resonators using the decoupling method considering the nonlinearity of the resonators.By integrating the decoupled weakly coupled resonators,the model decomposes the weakly coupled resonator's closed-loop circuit into distinct paths for amplitude and phase noise analyses.The DD noise model reveals noise effects at various circuit nodes and models the system noise in the closed-loop circuit of the weakly coupled resonators.MATLAB/Simulink simulations verify the model's accuracy when compared to theoretical analysis.At the optimal operating point,the mode-localized tilt sensor achieves an input-referred instability of 3.91×10^(-4°)and an input-referred AR of PSD of 2.01×10^(-4°)⁄√Hz using the closed-loop noise model.This model is also applicable to other varieties of mode-localized sensors.

Novel nondelay-based reservoir computing with a single micromechanical nonlinear resonator for high-efficiency information processing

Reservoir computing is a potential neuromorphic paradigm for promoting future disruptive applications in the era of the Internet of Things,owing to its well-known low training cost and compatibility with hardware.It has been successfully implemented by injecting an input signal into a spatially extended reservoir of nonlinear nodes or a temporally extended reservoir of a delayed feedback system to perform temporal information processing.Here we propose a novel nondelay-based reservoir computer using only a single micromechanical resonator with hybrid nonlinear dynamics that removes the usually required delayed feedback loop.The hybrid nonlinear dynamics of the resonator comprise a transient nonlinear response,and a Duffing nonlinear response is first used for reservoir computing.Due to the richness of this nonlinearity,the usually required delayed feedback loop can be omitted.To further simplify and improve the efficiency of reservoir computing,a self-masking process is utilized in our novel reservoir computer.Specifically,we numerically and experimentally demonstrate its excellent performance,and our system achieves a high recognition accuracy of 93%on a handwritten digit recognition benchmark and a normalized mean square error of 0.051 in a nonlinear autoregressive moving average task,which reveals its memory capacity.Furthermore,it also achieves 97.17±1%accuracy on an actual human motion gesture classification task constructed from a six-axis IMU sensor.These remarkable results verify the feasibility of our system and open up a new pathway for the hardware implementation of reservoir computing.