1990-2030年全球和区域感染性心内膜炎的疾病负担及其归因危险因素的趋势和预测

目的预测感染性心内膜炎(Infectiveendocarditis,IE)未来的疾病负担及其归因危险因素。方法我们利用2019年全球疾病负担数据库分析了1990年至2019年IE的疾病负担及其危险因素,并利用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测了2020年至2030年IE的全球疾病负担。结果到2030年,全球IE发病率将会不可控制地增加。其中,发展中国家的发病率增长速度最快,发达国家的新发病例数量最高,男性发病率较高,但性别差距将会缩小。高收入国家的老年人的发病负担最重,逐渐向中等收入国家转移。在中/高-中社会人口指数(social-demographic indicators,SDI)国家的发病率将超过高SDI国家。在中国,预计到2030年,IE的年龄标化发病率将达18.07/10万人,而IE患者的数量将达45万人。IE导致的死亡和心力衰竭负担仍然较重,女性的负担将增加并超过男性,而高SDI国家的老年人将承担最严重的疾病负担。高收缩压成为IE相关死亡的主要危险因素。结论未来十年全球范围内IE的疾病负担和危险因素分析表明,IE的发病率将会增加,IE相关的死亡和心衰负担的控制将成为严峻问题。应关注IE疾病负担的性别、年龄以及区域和国家的异质性,以便制定降低IE疾病负担的有效策略。

Association Between Lipid Profiles and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy:New Evidence from a Retrospective Study

Objective To explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers[including triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol,non-HDL-cholesterol,apolipoprotein A-I,apolipoprotein B,lipoprotein[a],and composite lipid profiles]and left ventricular hypertrophy.A total of 309,400 participants of two populations(one from Beijing and another from nationwide)who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study.7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy.Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the mterventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall>11 mm.The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study.Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort.Results In the cross-sectional study for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest,triglycerides[odds ratio(OR):1.2S0,95%CI:1.060 to 1.474],HDL-cholesterol(OR:0.780,95%CI:0.662 to 0.918),and lipoprotein(a)(OR:1.311,95%C7:1.115 to 1.541)had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy.In the longitudinal cohort,for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest,triglycerides[hazard ratio(HR):3.277,95%C/:1.720 to 6.244],HDL-cholesterol(HR:0.516,95%C7:0.283 to 0.940),non-HDL-cholesterol(HR:2.309,95%C/:1.296 to 4.112),apolipoprotein B(HR:2.244,95%CI:1.251 to 4.032)showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy.In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection,triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model.Conclusion Lipids levels,especially triglycerides,are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be furdier investigated.

Rail fastener defect inspection method for multi railways based on machine vision

Purpose–This research aims to improve the performance of rail fastener defect inspection method for multi railways,to effectively ensure the safety of railway operation.Design/methodology/approach–Firstly,a fastener region location method based on online learning strategy was proposed,which can locate fastener regions according to the prior knowledge of track image and template matching method.Online learning strategy is used to update the template library dynamically,so that the method not only can locate fastener regions in the track images of multi railways,but also can automatically collect and annotate fastener samples.Secondly,a fastener defect recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network was proposed.The structure of recognition network was designed according to the smaller size and the relatively single content of the fastener region.The data augmentation method based on the sample random sorting strategy is adopted to reduce the impact of the imbalance of sample size on recognition performance.Findings–Test verification of the proposed method is conducted based on the rail fastener datasets of multi railways.Specifically,fastener location module has achieved an average detection rate of 99.36%,and fastener defect recognition module has achieved an average precision of 96.82%.Originality/value–The proposed method can accurately locate fastener regions and identify fastener defect in the track images of different railways,which has high reliability and strong adaptability to multi railways.

Macroporous-mesoporous C-,S-,N-doped titania microspheres via the polyHIPE microspheres templates

Doping and increasing specific surface area by forming highly porous structures are two effective ways to enhance the photocatalytic performances of TiO_(2) particles.He re for the first time,we report a new facile method to prepare the macroporous-mesoporous C-,S-,N-doped TiO_(2)(C/S/N-TiO_(2))microspheres via polyHIPE microsphe res as templates.The chemical and crystalline structure s of these hierarchical porous TiO_(2) microspheres are analyzed with FTIR,XPS,EDS,and XRD.The macroporous-mesoporous structures are confirmed with SEM observation and BET analysis.UV-vis DRS spectra analysis shows that the band gaps of C doped TiO_(2),C/N doped TiO_(2),C/S doped TiO_(2) and C/S/N doped TiO_(2) are estimated to be 3.07,3.01,2.94 and 2.81 eV,respectively,which are significantly narrower than that of TiO_(2) nanoparticles(3.23 eV).Photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that the recombination of electrons and holes in these macroporous-mesoporous TiO_(2) microspheres is also suppressed.The hierarchical porous C/S/N-TiO_(2) microspheres show high visible-light catalytic efficiency and excellent cycling stability to degrade RhB dye.

Terahertz bound states in the continuum with incident angle robustness induced by a dual period metagrating

Metasurface-empowered bound state in the continuum(BIC)provides a unique route for fascinating functional devices with infinitely high quality factors.This method is particularly attractive to the terahertz community because it may essentially solve the deficiencies in terahertz filters,sensors,lasers,and nonlinear sources.However,most BIC metasurfaces are limited to specified incident angles that seriously dim their application prospects.Here,we propose that a dual-period dielectric metagrating can support multiple families of BICs that originate from guided mode resonances in the dielectric grating and exhibit infinite quality factors at arbitrarily tilted incidence.This robustness was analyzed based on the Bloch theory and verified at tilted incident angles.We also demonstrate that inducing geometric asymmetry is an efficient way to manipulate the leakage and coupling of these BICs,which can mimic the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect in our dual-period metagrating.In this demonstration,a slow-light effect with a measured group delay of 117 ps was achieved.The incidence-insensitive BICs proposed here may greatly extend the application scenarios of the BIC effect.The high Q factor and outstanding slow-light effect in the metagrating show exciting prospects in realizing high-performance filters,sensors,and modulators for prompting terahertz applications.