C60 Fullerenes Suppress Reactive Oxygen Species Toxicity Damage in Boar Sperm

We report the carboxylated C60 improved the survival and quality of boar sperm during liquid storage at 4°C and thus propose the use of carboxylated C60 as a novel antioxidant semen extender supplement.Our results demonstrated that the sperm treated with 2μg mL?1 carboxylated C60 had higher motility than the control group(58.6%and 35.4%,respectively;P?0.05).Moreover,after incubation with carboxylated C60 for 10 days,acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity of sperm increased by 18.1%and 34%,respectively,compared with that in the control group.Similarly,the antioxidation abilities and adenosine triphosphate levels in boar sperm treated with carboxylated C60 significantly increased(P?0.05)compared with those in the control group.The presence of carboxylated C60 in semen extender increases sperm motility probably by suppressing reactive oxygen species(ROS)toxicity damage.Interestingly,carboxylated C60 could protect boar sperm from oxidative stress and energy deficiency by inhibiting the ROS-induced protein dephosphorylation via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.In addition,the safety of carboxylated C60 as an alternative antioxidant was also comprehensively evaluated by assessing the mean litter size and number of live offspring in the carboxylated C60 treatment group.Our findings confirm carboxylated C60 as a novel antioxidant agent and suggest its use as a semen extender supplement for assisted reproductive technology in domestic animals.

Modularity,reconfigurability,and autonomy for the future in spacecraft:A review

The shape of a spacecraft is transitioning from monolithic,manual,and static to modular,autonomous,and dynamic.Modular Reconfigurable Spacecrafts(MRSs)offer better solutions than traditional monolithic spacecrafts in several aspects,and may become the next generation of spacecraft systems with efficient design,fast deployment,flexible application,and convenient management.This paper reviews the development and technology of MRS from three aspects:Modularity,reconfigurability,and autonomy.Despite the progress of research on MRS,there is still a lack of unified standards and little understanding of related concepts.Based on the understanding of basic concepts,the studies conducted on MRS are reviewed to identify technical requirements and solutions.Aiming at the future development trend of MRS,a novel modular selfreconfigurable spacecraft,referred to as MagicSat,is proposed.Furthermore,the MagicSat system composition,advantages,and application prospects are studied.The enabling technologies and major challenges of MRS are further analyzed in terms of modularization,integrated management,and self-reconfiguration technologies.Finally,the future development trend of MRS technology is predicted,and corresponding suggestions are provided.

DTBVis:An interactive visual comparison system for digital twin brain and human brain

The digital twin brain(DTB)computing model from brain-inspired computing research is an emerging artificial intelligence technique,which is realized by a computational modeling approach of hardware and software.It can achieve various cognitive abilities and their synergistic mechanisms in a manner similar to the human brain.Given that the task of the DTB is to simulate the functions of the human brain,comparing the similarities and differences between the two is crucial.However,the visualization study of the DTB is still under-researched.Moreover,the complexity of the datasets(multilevel spatiotemporal granularity and different types of comparison tasks)presents new challenges to the analysis and exploration of visualization.Therefore,in this study,we proposed DTBVis,a visual analytics system that supports comparison tasks for the DTB.DTBVis supports iterative explorations from different levels and at different granularities.Combined with automatic similarity recommendation,and high-dimensional exploration,DTBVis can assist experts in understanding the similarities and differences between the DTB and the human brain,thus helping them adjust their model and enhance its functionality.The highest level of DTBVis shows an overview of the datasets from the brain,which is used for comparison and exploration of the function and structure of the DTB and the human brain.The medium level is used for the comparison and exploration of a designated brain region.The low level can analyze a designated brain voxel.We worked closely with experts of brain science and held regular seminars with them.Feedback from the experts indicates that our approach helps them conduct comparative studies of the DTB and human brain and make modeling adjustments of the DTB through intuitive visual comparisons and interactive explorations.