Recent Advances in Drilling Tool Temperature:A State‑of‑the‑Art Review

Drilling is regarded as the most complex manufacturing process compared with other conventional machining processes.During the drilling process,most of the energy consumed in metal cutting is converted to heat and increases temperature considerably.The resulting thermal phenomena are important since they influence the mode of deformation,the final metallurgical state of the machined surface,and the rate of tool wear.Hence,understanding the temperature characteristics in the drilling process is crucial for enhancing the drill performance and process efficiency.Extensive efforts have been conducted to measure and control the drilling tool temperature successively.However,very few studies have been conducted from a comprehensive perspective to review all the efforts.To address this gap in the literature,a rigorous review concerning the state-of-the-art results and advances in drilling tool temperature is presented in this paper by referring to the wide comparisons among literature analyses.The multiple aspects of drilling tool temperature are precisely detailed and discussed in terms of theoretical analysis and thermal modeling,methods for temperature measuring,the effect of cutting parameters,tool geometries and hole-making methods on temperature and temperature controlling by different cooling methods.In conclusion,several possible future research directions are discussed to offer potential insights for the drilling community and future researchers.

Fibroblast growth factor 9 promotes kidney cell proliferation via WNT signaling-mediated activation of ANXA4

Fibroblast growth factors(FGFs)play pivotal roles in cell migration and proliferation.However,the identity of the FGF that plays a dominant role in kidney cell proliferation remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the dominant FGF among all FGFs.To this end,RNA-sequencing,qRT-PCR,western blotting,and ChIP assays were performed.FGF9 showed the highest expression among all FGFs,and its overexpression significantly promoted proliferation in the mouse kidney cell line C57BL/6 and increased JNK and AKT phosphorylation levels.Further,RNA-seq analysis identified 365 upregulated and 276 downregulated genes in FGF9-overexpressed cells.These differentially expressed genes were classified primarily into 20 biological pathways and were enriched in 31 gene ontology terms.qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of WNT and NF-κB signaling genes,as well as ANXA4 expression patterns,correlated with the RNA-seq data,while FGF9-overexpressed cells accumulated moreβ-catenin,a key WNT signaling protein,compared to control cells.Moreover,downregulation of the gene that encodesβ-catenin or ANXA4 inhibited C57BL/6 cell proliferation.Additionally,the expression of ANXA4 was lower in CTNNB1-knockdown cells than in the control group.Additionally,the ChIP assay revealed that a transcription factor complex containing TCF4 andβ-catenin directly binds to the ANXA4 promoter.Taken together,these results suggest a role of FGF9 in the regulation of kidney cell migration.These findings may prove useful in the development of future therapies.

Exploration of the potential mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao powder in the treatment of endometriosis based on bioinformatics

Background:Endometriosis is a hormone-and organ-dependent disease with unclear pathogenesis.Danggui Shaoyao powder(DSP)has been used for the treatment of endometriosis for many years and has been proven to be effective,but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we explored the molecular targets and pathways of DSP in the treatment of endometriosis mainly from the perspective of network pharmacology,and provided some novel ideas for managing this disease.Methods:In the present study,we focused on the underlying mechanisms between DPS and endometriosis,via oral bioavailability screening,drug similarity assessment,target identification,network analysis,drug relocation,and molecular docking using network pharmacology.Results:By bioinformatics,54 active components of DSP were predicted from the 534 components provided by the TCMSP database.We then found 85 validated targets and 6059 predicted targets for herbal components,and 2241 targets for endometriosis.After mapping,there were 255 targets in common.After that,network analysis was performed to screen key networks and core targets.Ninetynine indirect targets were collected from 14 direct ones.GO and KEGG analyses identified 63 enriched functions and 10 pathways(P<.01).According to the disease target,dipyridamole could undergo drug repositioning for endometriosis(score?1).The mechanism of action of dipyridamole on endometriosis was compared with that of DSP.Finally,eight targets,namely,AR,ESR1,HMGCR,NOS2,NR3C1,PPARG,PTGES,and PTGS2,were validated by molecular docking,suggesting that the probable molecular mechanisms by which DSP treats endometriosis are through seven validated pathways:hsa05200,hsa04915,hsa01100,hsa00900,hsa04920,hsa01130,and hsa00590.Conclusion:In this study,we uncovered the mechanism by which DSP can treat endometriosis using a drugecomponentetarget interaction network.This approach can provide some novel ideas for the development of Chinese medicine and the clinical management of endometriosis.

Nationwide distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of China and the association with bacterial community

Soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)has raised great environmental concerns.However,the information on national wide distribution of PAHs in soil as well as their effect on soil bacterial community are limited.In this study,16 PAHs weremeasured in 94 soil samples collected across China.The total concentration of 16 PAHs(PAHs)in soil ranged from 74.0 to 17,657 ng/g(dry weight basis),with a median value of 200 ng/g.Pyrene was themajor soil PAH,with amedian concentration of 71.3 ng/g.Soil samples from Northeast China had a higher median concentration ofPAHs(1,961 ng/g)than those from other regions.Petroleum emission and wood/grass/coal combustion were potential sources for soil PAHs based on diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factors analysis.A nonnegligible ecological risk(hazard quotients>1)was found in over 20%of soil samples analyzed and the highestmedian total HQs value(8.53)was found in soils from Northeast China.The effect of PAHs on bacterial abundance,α-diversity,andβ-diversity was limited in the soils surveyed.Nevertheless,the relative abundance of some members in genera Gaiella,Nocardioides,and Clostridium was significantly correlated with the concentrations of some PAHs.Especially,the bacterium Gaiella Occulta showed potential in indicating soil contamination by PAH,which is worth further exploration.