Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threa...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.展开更多
The synthesis of carbazoles based on the electrochemical Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination of 2-amidobiaryls through oxidative cross coupling has been achieved under mild reaction conditions.The reaction can b...The synthesis of carbazoles based on the electrochemical Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination of 2-amidobiaryls through oxidative cross coupling has been achieved under mild reaction conditions.The reaction can be carried out in undivided cell without the addition of external chemical oxidant.Besides good functional group compatibility,the desired carbazoles can be scaled up and modified easily.Compared with previous methods,this protocol affords a simple and sustainable avenue for the construction of car-bazoles.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072505 and 31701747)+1 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2452020222)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students China(202110712255)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21520102003)the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2017CFA010).The Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(111 Program)is also appreciated.
文摘The synthesis of carbazoles based on the electrochemical Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination of 2-amidobiaryls through oxidative cross coupling has been achieved under mild reaction conditions.The reaction can be carried out in undivided cell without the addition of external chemical oxidant.Besides good functional group compatibility,the desired carbazoles can be scaled up and modified easily.Compared with previous methods,this protocol affords a simple and sustainable avenue for the construction of car-bazoles.
