During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit t...During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies.However,the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize(Zea mays L.) are not well understood.Here,we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer(ACB,Ostrinia furnacalis),a major insect pest of maize,shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings,we identified two substances that explain this behavior:(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene(DMNT) and(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene(TMTT).DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae,and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction.External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize.These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB.Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.展开更多
Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the nanoscale.In electronic and quantum materials,this new capability gives access to,f...Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the nanoscale.In electronic and quantum materials,this new capability gives access to,for example,emergent chiral structures and symmetry-breaking distortions that underpin functional properties.Quantifying nanoscale structural features with statistical significance,however,is complicated by the subtleties of dynamic diffraction and coexisting contrast mechanisms,which often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and the superposition of multiple signals that are challenging to deconvolute.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1201803-2)the Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project(202203a06020005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171954 and 32202322)。
文摘During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies.However,the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize(Zea mays L.) are not well understood.Here,we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer(ACB,Ostrinia furnacalis),a major insect pest of maize,shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings,we identified two substances that explain this behavior:(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene(DMNT) and(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene(TMTT).DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae,and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction.External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize.These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB.Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(Grant Agreement No.863691)The Research Council of Norway is acknowledged for the support of the Norwegian Micro-and Nano-Fabrication Facility,Nor-Fab,project number 295864,and the Norwegian Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy,NORTEM(197405)+5 种基金S.Q.acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant TRIPODS+X:RES-1839234 and DOE Data Reduction for Science award Real-Time Data Reduction Codesign at the Extreme Edge for ScienceJ.C.A.and X.Z.acknowledge support from the Army/ARL via the Collaborative for Hierarchical Agile and Responsive Materials(CHARM)under cooperative agreement W911NF-19-2-0119National Science Foundation under grant OAC:DMR:CSSI-2246463We acknowledge computational resources provided by NSF grant 2320600 and National Science Foundation(NSF)awards CNS-1730158,ACI-1540112,ACI-1541349,OAC-1826967,OAC-2112167,CNS-2100237,CNS-2120019the University of California Office of the President,and the University of California San Diego’s California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology/Qualcomm InstituteM.Z.acknowledges funding from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes via a Doctoral Grant and the State of Bavaria via a Marianne-Plehn scholarship.
文摘Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the nanoscale.In electronic and quantum materials,this new capability gives access to,for example,emergent chiral structures and symmetry-breaking distortions that underpin functional properties.Quantifying nanoscale structural features with statistical significance,however,is complicated by the subtleties of dynamic diffraction and coexisting contrast mechanisms,which often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and the superposition of multiple signals that are challenging to deconvolute.
