Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive man...Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations.This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment,including soil acidity,soil nutrition,and microbial community.The field experiment carried out four treatments:control(CK),hickory husk mulching(HM),hickory husk biochar(BC),and hickory husk organic fertilizer(OF).The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community.After one year of treatment,the results showed that:(i)HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units,respectively;(ii)HM,BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorous,and available potassium.The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient;(iii)The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM,BC and OF treatments,and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend.HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio(F/B).The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H’)and evenness index(J)of the microbial community(P<0.05).Considering the treatments effects,costs,and ease of operation,our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.展开更多
In this note, we provide an effective proof of the fundamental structure theorem of finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain, from which we find the minimality of decomposition for a finitely generated...In this note, we provide an effective proof of the fundamental structure theorem of finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain, from which we find the minimality of decomposition for a finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain.展开更多
III-V semiconductors such as GaAs are widely studied as promising candidates for high-speed integrated circuit.Despite these applications for conventional bulk structures,their fundamental physical properties in the n...III-V semiconductors such as GaAs are widely studied as promising candidates for high-speed integrated circuit.Despite these applications for conventional bulk structures,their fundamental physical properties in the nanoscale limit are still in scarcity,which is of great importance for the development of nanoelectronics.In this work,we demonstrate that the III-V semiconductor MX(M=Al,Ga,In;X=P,As,Sb)in its two-dimensional(2D)limit could exhibit double layer honeycomb(DLHC)configuration and distorted tetrahedral coordination,according to our first-principles calculations with HSE06 hybrid functional.It is found that surface reconstruction endows 2D III-V DLHCs with pronouncedly different electronic and magnetic properties from their bulk counterparts due to strong interlayer coupling.Mexican-hat-shape bands emerge at the top valence bands of pristine AlP,GaP,InP,AlAs,and InAs DLHCs,inducing the density of states showing a sharp van Hove singularity near the Fermi level.As a result,these DLHCs exhibit itinerant magnetism upon moderate hole doping,while the rest GaAs,AlSb,GaSb,and InSb DLHCs become magnetic under tensile strain with hole doping.With an exchange splitting of the localized pz states at the top valence bands,the hole-doped III-V DLHCs become half-metals with 100%spin-polarization.Remarkably,the InSb DLHC shows inverted band structure near the Fermi level,bringing about nontrivial topological band structures in stacked InSb DLHC due to the strong spin-orbital coupling.These III-V DLHCs expand the members of 2D material family and their exotic magnetic and topological properties may offer great potential for applications in the novel electronic and spintronic devices.展开更多
The E-mail address of one corresponding author was unfortunately mistakenly supplied.This error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.Instead of Address correspondence to Jian Zhou,zhoujian@xj...The E-mail address of one corresponding author was unfortunately mistakenly supplied.This error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.Instead of Address correspondence to Jian Zhou,zhoujian@xjtu.edu.cn;Fei Ma,mafei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn;Jingbo Li,jbli@m.scnu.edu.cn.展开更多
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20C160003)the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110341063).
文摘Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations.This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment,including soil acidity,soil nutrition,and microbial community.The field experiment carried out four treatments:control(CK),hickory husk mulching(HM),hickory husk biochar(BC),and hickory husk organic fertilizer(OF).The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community.After one year of treatment,the results showed that:(i)HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units,respectively;(ii)HM,BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorous,and available potassium.The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient;(iii)The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM,BC and OF treatments,and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend.HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio(F/B).The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H’)and evenness index(J)of the microbial community(P<0.05).Considering the treatments effects,costs,and ease of operation,our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.
文摘In this note, we provide an effective proof of the fundamental structure theorem of finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain, from which we find the minimality of decomposition for a finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12274335 and 52202111)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2022JM-008,2021JC-062,and 2019TD-020)This research used the resources of the HPCC platform in Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘III-V semiconductors such as GaAs are widely studied as promising candidates for high-speed integrated circuit.Despite these applications for conventional bulk structures,their fundamental physical properties in the nanoscale limit are still in scarcity,which is of great importance for the development of nanoelectronics.In this work,we demonstrate that the III-V semiconductor MX(M=Al,Ga,In;X=P,As,Sb)in its two-dimensional(2D)limit could exhibit double layer honeycomb(DLHC)configuration and distorted tetrahedral coordination,according to our first-principles calculations with HSE06 hybrid functional.It is found that surface reconstruction endows 2D III-V DLHCs with pronouncedly different electronic and magnetic properties from their bulk counterparts due to strong interlayer coupling.Mexican-hat-shape bands emerge at the top valence bands of pristine AlP,GaP,InP,AlAs,and InAs DLHCs,inducing the density of states showing a sharp van Hove singularity near the Fermi level.As a result,these DLHCs exhibit itinerant magnetism upon moderate hole doping,while the rest GaAs,AlSb,GaSb,and InSb DLHCs become magnetic under tensile strain with hole doping.With an exchange splitting of the localized pz states at the top valence bands,the hole-doped III-V DLHCs become half-metals with 100%spin-polarization.Remarkably,the InSb DLHC shows inverted band structure near the Fermi level,bringing about nontrivial topological band structures in stacked InSb DLHC due to the strong spin-orbital coupling.These III-V DLHCs expand the members of 2D material family and their exotic magnetic and topological properties may offer great potential for applications in the novel electronic and spintronic devices.
文摘The E-mail address of one corresponding author was unfortunately mistakenly supplied.This error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.Instead of Address correspondence to Jian Zhou,zhoujian@xjtu.edu.cn;Fei Ma,mafei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn;Jingbo Li,jbli@m.scnu.edu.cn.
