Effect of phosphate-based sealing treatment on the corrosion performance of a PEO coated AZ91D mg alloy

This study investigated the effect of sealing treatment on the corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coated AZ91D Mg alloy with and without addition of corrosion inhibitor.The microstructure,phase composition and corrosion property of the sealed and unsealed coatings were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersion spectroscopy(EDS),x-ray diffraction(XRD),x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),polarization,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests.Electrochemical experiments and salt spray tests showed that,after sealing in phosphate solution containing corrosion inhibitor,the corrosion current density of PEO-coated AZ91D decreased more than 10-fold and the anti-corrosion time in a salt spray environment increased more than three-fold.The corrosion rate of the PEO coating slowed down due to the releasing and adsorbing of the corrosion inhibitors in the pores and cracks of the coating during the corrosion process.

Landscape of human organoids:Ideal model in clinics and research

In the last decade,organoid research has entered a golden era,signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape.The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena,reflecting exponential growth.However,amid this burgeoning expansion,a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously absent.Our review is intended to bridge this gap,providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid landscape.We meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points,harnessing our rich experience in academic research,industrial application,and clinical practice.We present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology,underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this arena.Our narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors,including oncology,toxicology,and drug development.We delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine,enhancing high-throughput drug screening,and constructing physiologically pertinent disease models.Our comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid technology.We spotlight technological innovations,methodological evolution,and the broadening spectrum of applications,emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine,oncology,drug discovery,and other fields.Looking ahead,we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research,especially its potential implications for personalized patient care,new avenues of drug discovery,and clinical research.We trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers,clinicians,and patients with keen interest in personalized medical strategies.We offer a broad view of the present and prospective capabilities of organoid technology,encompassing a wide range of current and future applications.In summary,in this review we attempt a comprehensive exploration of the organoid field.We offer reflections,summaries,and projections that might be useful for current researchers and clinicians,and we hope to contribute to shaping the evolving trajectory of this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.

Co-expression Analysis Identifies CRC and AP1 the Regulator of Arabidopsis Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

Fatty acids （FAs） play crucial rules in signal transduction and plant development, however, the regulation of FA metabolism is still poorly understood. To study the relevant regulatory network, fifty-eight FA biosynthesis genes including de novo synthases, desaturases and elongases were selected as ＂guide genes＂ to construct the co-expression network. Calculation of the correlation between all Arabidopsis thaliana （L.） genes with each guide gene by Arabidopsis co-expression dating mining tools （ACT） identifies 797 candidate FA-correlated genes. Gene ontology （GO） analysis of these co-expressed genes showed they are tightly correlated to photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, and function in many processes. Interestingly, 63 transcription factors （TFs） were identified as candidate FA biosynthesis regulators and 8 TF families are enriched. Two TF genes, CRC and AP1, both correlating with 8 FA guide genes, were further characterized. Analyses of the ap1 and crc mutant showed the altered total FA composition of mature seeds. The contents of palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and eicosadienoic acid are decreased, whereas that of oleic acid is increased in apl and crc seeds, which is consistent with the qRT-PCR analysis revealing the suppressed expression of the corresponding guide genes. In addition, yeast one-hybrid analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） revealed that CRC can bind to the promoter regions of KCS7 and KCS15, indicating that CRC may directly regulate FA biosynthesis.

Water-promoted regio-selective trifluoromethylation of vinyl conjugated diazoacetates

An efficient trifluoromethylation reaction of vinyldiazoacetates under mild reaction conditions was depicted.Pre-generated CuCF_(3) was used as a trifluoromethylation reagent and water acted as both a promoter and proton source.The reaction is compatible with a broad scope of functional groups and easy to scale-up.The wide functional group tolerance of the reaction enables further synthetic manipulation of the products.

Unraveling the Effect of Cation Types on Electrochromic Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals

Electrochromic(EC)devices have been regarded as promising candidates for energy-saving smart windows,next-generation displays,and wearable electronics.Monovalent ions such as H^(+)-and Li^(+)-based electrolytes are the benchmark insertion ions for EC devices but have serious limitations such as high cost,instability,and difficulty to handle.Seeking multivalent electrolytes is an effective alternative way to prepare high-performance EC devices;unfortunately,the related reports are currently limited to tungsten oxide EC materials.Herein,for the first time,we investigate the EC properties driven by different valence cationic(i.e.,Li^(+),Zn^(2+),and Al^(3+))electrolytes in the titanium dioxide system.It is found that the initial optical modulation ranges of TiO_(2)nanocrystal(NC)films in Li^(+),Zn^(2+),and Al^(3+)electrolytes are 76.8%,77.4%,and 77.3%,respectively.After 250 cycles,the optical contrast of these films in Zn^(2+)electrolyte decreased by only 2.3%,much lower than that in benchmark Li^(+)electrolyte of 10.1%and Al^(3+)electrolyte of 59.1%.Density functional theory calculation indicates that the potential barriers of Li^(+),Zn^(2+),and Al^(3+)in TiO_(2)are 0.59,0.55,and 0.74 eV,respectively,which makes TiO_(2)NCs show good EC properties in Zn^(2+)electrolytes.This work unravels the effect of different valence cations on the electrochromic properties of titanium dioxide NCs,which may provide some new directions for the development of excellent EC devices with long-term stability and durability.