Analysis of GNSS radio occultation data from satellite ZH-01

The electromagnetic satellite Zhangheng 01(ZH-01) was successfully launched on February 2, 2018. The GNSS Radio Occultation(GRO) receiver on board the satellite is able to observe the occultation events of GPS and BeiDou navigation satellites. We analyzed the data acquired during the in-orbit testing period. We concludes that the GRO ionosphere inversion results are reasonable,the trend is correct, the satellite can observe about 600 ionosphere occultation events each day. The global coverage of more than 30000 consecutive GRO events in more than two months were analyzed and compared with COSMIC observations: both the GRO and COSMIC occultation can realize global coverage: the Nm F2 and Hm F2 global distributions are similar and change obviously with latitude. We used three digisondes at different latitudes to analyze and compare the spatio-temporally consistent GRO data: the RMSE of GRO Nm F2 relative to digisonde is better than 9.41%, the correlation coefficient is better than 0.8682: the relative RMSE of Hm F2 is better than 7.80% and the correlation coefficient is better than 0.7066.

Genomic analysis of schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer reveals a unique mutational landscape and therapeutic implications

The schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer (SA-CRC) is thought to be caused by the chronic inflammation as a result of schistosomal ova deposition in the submucosal layer of the intestine (Fig. S1). It is reported that SA-CRC differs from sporadic colorectal cancer (S-CRC) in terms of epidemiological features, histological patterns, and clinical outcomes,1 which is also supported by our institutional data (Table S1 and Fig. S2). Here we investigate the genomic alternations and probable molecular determinants of pathogenesis in Chinese SA-CRC.

Minimax Q-learning design for H_(∞) control of linear discrete-time systems

The H_(∞)control method is an effective approach for attenuating the effect of disturbances on practical systems, but it is difficult to obtain the H_(∞)controller due to the nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, even for linear systems. This study deals with the design of an H_(∞)controller for linear discrete-time systems. To solve the related game algebraic Riccati equation(GARE), a novel model-free minimax Q-learning method is developed, on the basis of an offline policy iteration algorithm, which is shown to be Newton’s method for solving the GARE. The proposed minimax Q-learning method, which employs off-policy reinforcement learning, learns the optimal control policies for the controller and the disturbance online, using only the state samples generated by the implemented behavior policies. Different from existing Q-learning methods, a novel gradient-based policy improvement scheme is proposed. We prove that the minimax Q-learning method converges to the saddle solution under initially admissible control policies and an appropriate positive learning rate, provided that certain persistence of excitation(PE)conditions are satisfied. In addition, the PE conditions can be easily met by choosing appropriate behavior policies containing certain excitation noises, without causing any excitation noise bias. In the simulation study, we apply the proposed minimax Q-learning method to design an H_(∞)load-frequency controller for an electrical power system generator that suffers from load disturbance, and the simulation results indicate that the obtained H_(∞)load-frequency controller has good disturbance rejection performance.

Large-area(64 × 64 array) inkjet-printed high-performance metal oxide bilayer heterojunction thin film transistors and n-metal-oxide-semiconductor(NMOS) inverters

It is a big challenge to construct large-scale,high-resolution and high-performance inkjet-printed metal oxide thin film transistor(TFT)arrays with independent gates for the new printed displays.Here,a self-confined inkjet printing technology has been developed to construct large-area(64×64 array),high-resolution and high-performance metal oxide bilayer(In_(2)O_(3)/IGZO)heterojunction TFTs with independent bottom gates on transparent glass substrates.Inkjet printing In_(2)O_(3) dot arrays with the diameters from 55 to 70μm and the thickness of~10 nm were firstly deposited on UV/ozone treated AlO_(x) dielectric layers,and then IGZO dots were selectively printed on the top of In_(2)O_(3) dots by self-confined technology to form In_(2)O_(3)/IGZO heterojunction channels.When the inkjet-printed IO layers treated by UV/ozone for more than 30 min or oxygen plasma for 5 min prior to print IGZO thin films,the mobility of the resulting printed In_(2)O_(3)/IGZO heterojunction TFTs are correspondingly enhanced to be 18.80 and 28.44 cm^(2) V^(-1) s^(-1) with excellent on/off ratios(>10^(8))and negligible hysteresis.Furthermore,the printed N-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(NMOS)inverter consisted of an In_(2)O_(3)/IGZO TFT and an IGZO TFT has been demonstrated,which show excellent performance with the voltage gain up to 112.The strategy demonstrated here can be considered as general approaches to realize a new generation of high-performance printed logic gates,circuits and display driving circuits.

Structural design and thermal performance simulation of shade roof of double-slope greenhouse for mushroom-vegetable cultivation

A new type of roof structure was developed for the shade room in a double-slope greenhouse used for mushroom-vegetable planting.A simulation model was developed to evaluate the thermal performance of the new roof with an insulation thickness of 0.12 m in Beijing,China.The results showed that(1)the indoor air temperature of the shade room with the newly implemented shade roof was 2.7℃-4.9℃ higher than that of an ordinary shade room during the winter months;(2)The indoor air temperature of the solar room adjacent to the shade room with the new roof was higher than that of the ordinary solar room and the minimum indoor air temperature of the solar room was increased 1.9℃ at winter night;(3)the indoor temperature of the shade room with the new roof design was 2℃-4℃ lower than that of the ordinary shade room during the summer months;(4)Under factory production conditions,which were conducted in a controlled environment to promote the annual growth of the edible fungus,the heating energy consumption of the shade room after the implementation of the new roof structure was reduced by 69.3%,the amounted to total energy savings of 61.3% per year.The new roof structure provided a significant improvement in the thermal environment compared to an ordinary shade room,improved the vegetable growth in the winter,and also significantly reduced the energy consumption and production costs.

A Monochromophoric Approach to Succinct Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes without Probe-Product Crosstalk

Ratiometric probes facilitate quantitative studies via self-calibration and are cherished for bioimaging.Often,a small probe-product spectral separation leads to crosstalk,but the rational development of ratiometric probes with zero probe-product crosstalk remains challenging.Harnessing the recent progress on photophysical modulation of xanthenoid fluorochromes,we propose a powerful and versatile probe design principle,that is,“bridging-group modification,”and developed totalROX,a robust probe for monitoring the total cellular oxidative capacity.

Seismic responses of an intensively constructed metro station-passageway-shaft structure system

Intensive construction methods offer benefits for metro station development,yet they present challenges for seismic design due to the spatially asymmetric configuration of passageway-shaft structures.In this study,a detailed numerical model of a station-passageway-shaft structure system built using intensive construction methods was developed and the deformation and damage modes under seismic loadings were analyzed.The results indicate that inconsistent deformation between the shaft and the station generates interaction through the connecting passageway,leading to damage near the opening of the station structure and both ends of the connecting passageway Damage is more severe under longitudinal excitation.Compared with the opening plan that spans four segments,the opening plan that spans five segments exacerbates the overall degree of damage to the structure system.Under transverse excitation,the presence of interior structures intensifies the damage to the station and connecting passageway,while with such internal structure in place the impact is relatively minor under longitudinal excitation.Reinforcement with steel segments near the station opening can appreciably attenuate the damage.In contrast,introducing flexible joints at both ends of the connecting passageway intensifies the damage.Hence,reinforcement using steel segments emerges as an optimal seismic mitigation strategy.