Research Progress of Necroptosis in Digestive Diseases

Digestive system diseases refer to organic and functional disorders of the digestive system,which are prone to recurrence and frequently accompanied by multiple complications.Necroptosis is a regulated mode of cell death mediated by death receptors,dependent on receptor protein activation,and could be specifically inhibited by necrostatin-1.Necroptosis is involved in pathological and physiological processes of various diseases,and plays an important role in the growth and development of organisms and the homeostasis of organ tissues.This paper reviewed the research advancement of necroptosis in digestive system disorders,and discussed the relationship between necroptosis and digestive system diseases,aiming to provide theoretical basis for the cure of these diseases.

Promise of spatially resolved omics for tumor research

Tumors are spatially heterogeneous tissues that comprise numerous cell types with intricate structures.By interacting with the microenvironment,tumor cells undergo dynamic changes in gene expression and metabolism,resulting in spatiotemporal variations in their capacity for proliferation and metastasis.In recent years,the rapid development of histological techniques has enabled efficient and high-throughput biomolecule analysis.By preserving location information while obtaining a large number of gene and molecular data,spatially resolved metabolomics(SRM)and spatially resolved transcriptomics(SRT)approaches can offer new ideas and reliable tools for the in-depth study of tumors.This review provides a comprehensive introduction and summary of the fundamental principles and research methods used for SRM and SRT techniques,as well as a review of their applications in cancer-related fields.

A subspace ensemble regression model based slow feature for soft sensing application

A novel adaptive subspace ensemble slow feature regression model was developed for soft sensing application.Compared to traditional single models and random subspace models,the proposed method is improved in three aspects.Firstly,sub-datasets are constructed through slow feature directions and variables in each subdatasets are selected according to the output related importance index.Then,an adaptive slow feature regression is presented for sub-models.Finally,a Bayesian inference strategy based on a slow feature analysis process that monitors statistics is developed for probabilistic combination.Two industrial examples were used to evaluate the proposed method.

Coping with the concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes in China under a warming climate

Intensive human activity has brought about unprecedented climate and environmental crises, in which concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes pose the most serious threats. However, a limited understanding of the comprehensive mechanism hinders our ability to mitigate such compound events, especially in densely populated regions like China. Here, based on field observations and climate-chemistry coupled modelling, we elucidate the linkage between human activities and the climate system in heatrelated ozone pollution. In China, we have observed that both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have almost tripled since the beginning of this century. Moreover, these heatwaves are becoming more common in urban clusters with serious ozone pollution. Persistent heatwaves during the extremely hot and dry summers of 2013 and 2022 accelerated photochemical ozone production by boosting anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and aggravated ozone accumulation by suppressing dry deposition due to water-stressed vegetation, leading to a more than 30% increase in ozone pollution in China's urban areas. The sensitivity of ozone to heat is demonstrated to be substantially modulated by anthropogenic emissions, and China's clean air policy may have altered the relationship between ozone and temperature. Climate model projections further highlight that the high-emission climate-socioeconomic scenario tends to intensify the concurrent heat and ozone extremes in the next century. Our results underscore that the implementation of a strict emission strategy will significantly reduce the co-occurrence of heatwaves and ozone extremes, achieving climate and environmental co-benefits.

Metal coordination-driven assembly of stimulator of interferon genes-activating nanoparticles for tumor chemo-immunotherapy

Activating the stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway is critical for enhancing antitumor immunity and remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Herein,we report the preparation of STING-activating nanoparticles via metal coordination-driven assembly of a synthetic STING agonist(i.e.,SR717)and a chemotherapeutic drug(i.e.,curcumin).After intravenous administration,the assembled nanoparticles could efficiently accumulate in tumors to improve the bioavailability of SR717 and trigger potent STING pathway activation for effective immune responses.Meanwhile,the released curcumin evokes immunogenic cell death in tumors and regulates amino acid metabolism by inhibiting the activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1,leading to the reversal of the immunosuppressive TME.The antitumor immunity induced by nanoparticles significantly inhibits the growth of primary,recurrent,and metastatic tumors.The assembled nanoparticles are promising for the co-delivery of STING agonists and drugs in improved tumor chemo-immunotherapy.

双层膦氧化物分子修饰制备高效的大面积纯蓝光钙钛矿量子点发光二极管

蓝光卤素钙钛矿发光二极管(LED)由于其高色纯度和全色钙钛矿LED发展需求目前受到越来越多的关注.通过钝化卤素钙钛矿中的缺陷来提高LED性能是主要研究方向,然而,用于有效钝化混合卤素蓝光钙钛矿并获得性能优异、光谱稳定的纯蓝光LED方法还很有限.本文开发了一种使用含有膦氧基团的双层有机分子对混合卤素蓝光钙钛矿量子点进行固相修饰,不仅有效提高了量子点薄膜的发光性能,而且有效改善了LED的电荷平衡,显著提高了器件性能,获得了最大外量子效率为4.87%的纯蓝光LED(469 nm).作者发现双层膦氧分子与量子点之间可以发生强相互作用,从而有效钝化量子点,并有助于获得大面积单层钙钛矿量子点薄膜.其中,发光面积为64 mm2,波长为469 nm的LED最大外量子效率为3.91%.本文所述策略有助于推动性能优异的大面积钙钛矿量子点光电器件开发.

Novel computer-assisted approach to quick prediction and optimization of gradient separation for online enrichment-reversed phase liquid chromatography tandem system

An algorithm capable of predicting and optimizing the gradient separation of LC×LC system was developed in this paper.Two groups of structural analogues,five ginsenosides as well as eight bisphenols,which were difficult to discriminate in routine analysis,were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in fast separation optimization.Average errors of retention times below 1%were found in the retention prediction for all types of gradient programs,implying that the theory could lead to high quality in prediction of the retention times under gradients elution.Meanwhile,84%of relative average deviations(RADs)between the predicted peak width and the measured ones were less than 20%.The larger deviation occurred at the time when the peak appeared while the gradient of the mobile phase changed,which led the deviations increased to 20%–42%.In all,method development and optimization for LC×LC tandem system was realized by the homemade user-friendly software.The present protocol may turn on great opportunities for the convenient method development in analysis of trace structural analogues in environmental,food and biological samples.

Multi-stage Dynamic Post-disaster Recovery Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering Integrated Energy and Transportation Networks

To improve the resilience of distribution networks(DNs),a multi-stage dynamic recovery strategy is proposed in this paper,which is designed for post-disaster DN considering an integrated energy system(IES)and transportation network(TN).First,the emergency response quickly increases the output of gas turbines(GTs)in the natural gas network(NGN),and responsively reconfigures the DN in microgrids,to maximize the amount of loads to be restored.The single-commodity flow model is adopted to construct spanning tree constraints.Then,in the second stage of energy storage recovery,mobile energy storage systems(MESSs)are deployed to cover the shortages of power demands,i.e.,to further restore the loads after evaluating the load recovery situation.The Floyd algorithm based dynamic traffic assignment(DTA)is selected to obtain the optimal path of the MESSs.In the third stage,the outputs of various post-disaster recovery measures are adjusted to achieve an economically optimized operation.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic post-disaster recovery strategy.

Two-step Optimal Allocation of Stationary and Mobile Energy Storage Systems in Resilient Distribution Networks

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are acknowledged to be a promising option to cope with issues in high penetration of renewable energy and guarantee a highly reliable power supply. In this paper, a two-step optimal allocation model is proposed to obtain the optimal allocation (location and size) of stationary ESSs (SESSs) and mobile ESSs (MESSs) in the resilient distribution networks (DNs). In the first step, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem is formulated to obtain the preselected location of ESSs with consideration of different scenarios under normal operation conditions. In the second step, a two-stage robust optimization model is established to get the optimal allocation results of ESSs under failure operation conditions which are solved by column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. A hybrid ESS allocation strategy based on the subjective and objective weight analysis is proposed to give the final allocation scheme of SESSs and MESSs. Finally, the proposed two-step optimal allocation model is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 33-bus system to show its effectiveness and merits.

Physical layer security techniques for data transmission for future wireless networks

The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless trans-mission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference.Physical layer security technology can e ectively protect the private information sent by the trans-mitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers,thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users.Thus,the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance di erence between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper using well-designed transmission schemes.The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research.This paper provides a survey of the physical layer security research on various promising mobile technologies from secure key generation and keyless techniques,including secure key generation,directional modulation(DM),spatial modulation(SM),covert communication,and intelligent re ecting surface(IRS)-aided communication.Finally,the future topics and the unresolved technical challenges are presented in physical layer security for mobile communications.