Genome-wide identification and characterization of the IPT family members in nine Rosaceae species and a functional analysis of MdIPT5b in cold resistance

Cytokinins are members of a group of phytohormones involved in various growth and developmental processes in plants.Isopentenyl transferase(IPT)is the rate-limiting enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of cytokinins.In this study,to understand the role of IPT family in cold resistance,78 IPT candidates were identified and characterized in nine Rosaceae genomes.The expansion of IPT families in the Rosaceae primarily occurred through segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication.In general,purifying selection controlled the evolution of IPT families in the Rosaceae,with IPT3 and IPT5 homologs as the primary drivers of evolution.Cis-elements,which are involved in the responses to many environmental stresses or phytohormone signals,were identified in the promoters of MdIPT members.This was consistent with the trends of expression of the MdIPT genes in apple(Malus domestica)calli.MdIPT5b was also found to exhibit multiple responses to phytohormones and stress signals.The ectopic expression of MdIPT5b resulted in an increase in cold resistance in transformed apple calli and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)plantlets.The redox balance was partially stabilized through the accumulation of proline under cold stress.However,the ascorbate–glutathione cycle cannot be stabilized in the cold.All physiological and biochemical assays are preformed in spectrophotometer.These results showed that regulating the expression of IPT genes for moderate cytokinin improvement could enhance the accumulation of proline to stabilize the osmotic and redox balances to improve resistance to cold stress.

A universal pipeline for mobile mRNA detection and insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress

Heterografting has long been used to enhance the chilling tolerance of temperature-sensitive crops,including watermelon,whose mechanism is known to involve bidirectional long-distance mRNA movements.Despite several studies reporting on mobile mRNA(mb-mRNA)profiles in plants,accurate identification of mb-mRNAs is challenging owing to an array of technical problems.Here,we developed a bioinformatical pipeline that took most of the known technical concerns into consideration and is considered to be a universal tool for mb-mRNA detection in heterografts.By applying this pipeline to a commercial watermelon–bottle gourd heterografting system,we detected 130 and 1144 mb-mRNAs upwardly and 167 and 1051 mb-mRNAs downwardly transmitted under normal and chilling-stress conditions,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR indicated a high accuracy rate(88.2%)of mb-mRNA prediction with our pipeline.We further revealed that the mobility of mRNAs was not associated with their abundance.Functional annotation and classification implied that scions may convey the stress signal to the rootstock,subsequently triggering energy metabolism reprogramming and abscisic acid-mediated stress responses by upward movement of effective mRNAs,ultimately leading to enhanced chilling tolerance.This study provides a universal tool for mb-mRNA detection in plant heterografting systems and novel insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress.

High-Throughput physiology-based stress response phenotyping:Advantages,applications and prospective in horticultural plants

Phenomics is a new branch of science that provides high-throughput quantification of plant and animal traits at systems level.The last decade has witnessed great successes in high-throughput phenotyping of numerous morphological traits,yet major challenges still exist in precise phenotyping of physiological traits such as transpiration and photosynthesis.Due to the highly dynamic nature of physiological traits in responses to the environment,appropriate selection criteria and efficient screening systems at the physiological level for abiotic stress tolerance have been largely absent in plants.In this review,the current status of phenomics techniques was briefly summarized in horticultural plants.Specifically,the emerging field of high-throughput physiology-based phenotyping,which is referred to as“physiolomics”,for drought stress responseswas highlighted.In addition to analyzing the advantages of physiology-based phenotyping overmorphology-based approaches,recent examples that applied high-throughput physiological phenotyping to model and non-model horticultural plants were revisited and discussed.Based on the collective findings,we propose that high-throughput,non-destructive,and automatic physiological assays can and should be used as routine methods for phenotyping stress response traits in horticultural plants.

The key cyclic electron flow protein PGR5 associates with cytochrome b_(6)f, and its function is partially influenced by the LHCⅡ state transition

In plants and algae,PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow(CEF)is an important regulator of acclimation to fluctuating environments,but how PGR5 participates in CEF is unclear.In this work,we analyzed two PGR5s in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)under different conditions and found that CsPGR5a played the dominant role in PGR5-dependent CEF.The results of yeast two-hybrid,biomolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC),blue native PAGE,and coimmunoprecipitation(CoIP)assays showed that PGR5a interacted with PetC,Lhcb3,and PsaH.Furthermore,the intensity of the interactions was dynamic during state transitions,and the abundance of PGR5 attached to cyt b_(6)f decreased during the transition from state 1 to state 2,which revealed that the function of PGR5a is related to the state transition.We proposed that PGR5 is a small mobile protein that functions when attached to protein complexes.

Correction to:A universal pipeline for mobile mRNA detection and insights into heterografting advantages under chilling stress

After the publication of this article1,the authors became aware that there was an error in Fig.2b that“Ref2-M”(below“Bowtie2”)on the right panel was mistakenly written as“Ref1-M”.The correct version is shown below.

Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital leads the establishment of the first National Engineering Research Center in the field of minimally invasive medicine in China

With the rapid development of science and technology,the minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has become a reality.MIS is associated with less pain,a shorter hospital stay and fewer complications.The higher-quality minimally invasive instruments allow the surgeons to perform the surgical interventions efficiently without sacrificing patient safety.Therefore,the academic research,technology development,achievement transformation as well as clinical application of minimally invasive devices is extremely important。

Single-pixel 3D imaging based on fusion temporal data of single-photon detector and millimeter-wave radar

Recently,there has been increased attention toward 3D imaging using single-pixel single-photon detection(also known as temporal data)due to its potential advantages in terms of cost and power efficiency.However,to eliminate the symmetry blur in the reconstructed images,a fixed background is required.This paper proposes a fusion-data-based 3D imaging method that utilizes a single-pixel single-photon detector and millimeter-wave radar to capture temporal histograms of a scene from multiple perspectives.Subsequently,the 3D information can be reconstructed from the one-dimensional fusion temporal data by using an artificial neural network.Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our fusion method effectively eliminates symmetry blur and improves the quality of the reconstructed images.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote B-cell production of IgA in a TNFR2-dependent manner

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are well known for their capacity to suppress antitumor T-cell responses,but their effects on B-cell function and antibody production remain unclear.Here,we found that MDSCs that accumulated around the germinal center in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice co-located with B cells.In the presence of MDSCs,the antibody reaction to a surrogate antigen was significantly enhanced in mice,especially the immunoglobulin(Ig)A subtype.Co-culture with MDSCs promoted both proliferation and differentiation of B cells into IgA-producing plasma cells in vitro.Interestingly,the cross talk between MDSCs and B cells required cell-cell contact.MDSCs from tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)2^(−/−)mice,but not from TNFR1^(−/−)mice,failed to promote B-cell responses.Further investigation suggested that interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 were crucial for the MDSC-mediated promotion of IgA responses.These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of MDSC-mediated immune regulation during tumor growth.

PK-tailored tertiary prophylaxis in patients with severe hemophilia A at beijing Children’s Hospital

Importance:Tertiary prophylaxis using a low-dose regimen is usually insufficient to prevent recurrent joint bleeding and deterioration in joint diseases in children with severe hemophilia A.Pharmacokinetic(PK)dosing is a useful approach to increase the precision and efficiency of prophylaxis.Objective:To explore the efficacy of PK-tailored tertiary prophylaxis in children with severe hemophilia A.Methods:We implemented a PK-tailored tertiary prophylaxis program for 15 boys with severe hemophilia A aged 5-16 years at Beijing Children’s Hospital.Following PK testing and a 6-month evaluation period(phase I),15 patients were divided in two groups according to individual PK data and actual bleeding:(1)a PK-tailored group[modified prophylaxis regimen according to PK data for the next 6 months(phase II);n=8]and(2)a maintenance group(continued the original regimen for the next 6 months;n=7).We compared the bleeding rate,infusion frequency,and factor VIII(FVIII)consumption between the two groups.results:In the PK-tailored group,the median annual joint bleeding rate was reduced from 7.8 in phase I to 1.4 in phase II,mean annual total factor consumption increased from 1619.0 IU/kg in phase I to 2401.9 IU/kg in phase II,and median infusion frequency for prophylaxis increased from 104 times/year in phase I to 156 times/year in phase II(P<0.05).Although the FVIII consumption increased,it remained at approximately half of the standard method.Interpretation:PK-tailored prophylaxis may represent a more efficient approach to individual prophylaxis in China,but further studies are required to verify this.

CeO2 quantum dots doped Ni-Co hydroxide nanosheets for ultrahigh energy density asymmetric supercapacitors

By integrating the merits of lanthanide elements and quantum dots,we firstly design CeO2 quantum dots doped Ni-Co hydroxide nanosheet via a controllable synthetic strategy,which exhibits a large specific capacitance(1370.7 F/g at 1.0 A/g) and a good cyclic stability(90.6% retention after 4000 cycles).Moreover,we assemble an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor with the obtained material,which has an extremely high energy density(108.9 Wh/kg at 378 W/kg) and outstanding cycle stability(retaining88.1% capacitance at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles).

Pharmacokinetic variability of factor VIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A

Importance:The use of factor VIII(FVIII)concentrates under pharmacokinetic(PK)guidance has become the main approach for treatment of hemophilia.However,limited PK research has been conducted in Chinese pediatric patients.Objective:To investigate the PK parameters of various FVIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients.Methods:Seventy-nine patients were enrolled(28 treated with Kogenate FS^(®),23 treated with Advate^(®),and 28 treated with GreenMono^(™)).All enrolled patients participated in single-dose PK analysis after at least a 3-day washout period.Blood samples were collected predose,as well as at 1 h,9 h,24 h,and 48 h after infusion;FVIII levels were measured using a one-stage clotting assay,von Willebrand Factor Antigen(VWF:Ag)levels and blood types were also determined.PK parameters were evaluated by WAPPS-Hemo.Results:Mean values of terminal elimination half-life time(t_(1/2))for the Kogenate FS^(®),Advate^(®),and GreenMono^(™)FVIII groups were 12.24 h,10.18 h,and 9.62 h;median clearance values were 4.16,6.23,and 5.11 mL kg^(-1)h^(-1);and median in vivo recovery values were 1.97,1.55,and 1.61 IU/dL per IU/kg.Longer t_(1/2),higher in vivo recovery,and lower clearance were observed in patients with higher VWF:Ag level who were treated with recombinant concentrates.Interpretation:Chinese pediatric patients with hemophilia had FVIII PK characteristics similar to those previously observed in non-Chinese children,including large variation among individuals.VWF:Ag level and FVIII brand were associated with differences in FVIII PK.Thus,PK-guided dosing should be used to optimize individualized therapy in Chinese children.