Cigarette Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Secondary School Students—China,2023

What is already known about this topic?In 2021,the prevalence of experimental and current cigarette use among secondary school students in China stood at 16.7%and 4.7%,respectively.Additionally,39.9%of these students were exposed to secondhand smoke at school.What is added by this report?In comparison to 2021,the prevalence of current cigarette use remained unchanged at 4.2%in 2023,whereas experimental use declined to 13.7%.Notably,rates were significantly higher among vocational senior high school(VSHS)students relative to their peers in senior high school(SHS)and junior high school(JHS).Furthermore,exposure to secondhand smoke in schools decreased to 35.4%in 2023 from previously recorded levels,with more pronounced reductions observed in JHS and SHS populations and no notable change among VSHS students.What are the implications for public health practice?Targeted tobacco control policies are imperative for secondary school students,including the establishment of smoke-free school environments.Additionally,it is crucial to pay close attention to the needs of VSHS students.

The Trend of Smoking-Related Cognition and Its Association with Smoking Behaviors Among Junior High School Students—China,2013–2021

What is already known about this topic?In 2013,31.61%of students perceived quitting smoking as difficult,61.73%considered smoking less attractive,and 73.89%believed that secondhand smoke is definitely harmful to health.What is added by this report?The percentage of students who perceived quitting smoking as difficult increased from 31.61%in 2013 to 38.83%in 2021,while the percentage of students who found smoking less attractive rose from 61.73%to 69.40%.Conversely,there was a decrease in the percentage of students who perceived secondhand smoke as harmful,from 73.89%to 68.46%.An increased awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke was associated with a reduction in smoking behaviors.What are the implications for public health practice?It is imperative to enhance health education efforts that aim to raise awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke.

Utilization of Smoking Cessation Support Among Adults-18 PLADs,China,2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?In 2018,unassisted smoking cessation(USC)was the predominant method for quitting smoking among Chinese adult smokers,accounting for 90.1%of cases.The utilization of professional smoking cessation support was comparatively low in this population.What was added by this report?In 2020,the prevalence of USC methods increased to 93.1%.Concurrently,there was a slight increase in the utilization of pharmaceuticals(from 4.6%in 2018 to 5.5%in 2020)and counseling and quit line services(from 3.2%in 2018 to 7.5%in 2020).On the other hand,the use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid decreased from 14.9%in 2018 to 9.8%in 2020.Smokers aged 15–24 years old were more likely to rely on pharmaceutical interventions(7.9%),and less likely to choose USC methods(79.0%).What are the implications for public health practice?The promotion of professional cessation support is essential for enhancing smoking cessation rates.

Alternative splicing of a carboxyl/choline esterase gene enhances the fenpropathrin tolerance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus

Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides,and cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases(CCEs),and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability.The activity of CCEs can be upregulated,downregulated,or modified by mutation.However,few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs.We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus:a long version(CCE23-V1)and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1(CCE23-V2).Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear.Overexpression of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant T.cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23-V2.The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down(43.2%±3.3%)via injection of CCE23-dsRNA(double-stranded RNA)compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure;however,the downregulation of CCE23-V1(61.3%±6.3%)by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect,indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23-V1.The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin(50%lethal dose[LD_(50)]=19.47μg/g)was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies(LD_(50)=13.11μg/g).Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a“gate”that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2,might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules.These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23.Generally,our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.

1990～2015年中国省级行政区医疗可及性和质量分析

医疗可及性和质量(healthcare access and quality index,HAQ)是反映医疗系统及时、有效地发现、管理、治疗从而避免疾病死亡能力的重要指标.本研究利用2015年全球疾病负担研究结果,比较2015年中国与全球主要国家的HAQ指数差异,同时分析1990~2015年期间中国疾病间、省级行政区间HAQ指数及其变化幅度的差异.2015年中国HAQ指数为74.2分,高出全球平均水平20.5分;中国HAQ指数与其期望值仅相差1.2分,此差距远低于全球平均水平(20.1分).1990~2015年中国在呼吸系统疾病(上呼吸道感染、慢性呼吸系统疾病)、计划免疫性疾病(白喉、百日咳、破伤风和麻疹)、通过常规手术治愈的疾病(阑尾炎和腹股沟、股骨和腹部疝)、孕产妇疾病、缺血性心脏病和医疗副作用表现出较高的HAQ.2015年北京、澳门、上海等9个省级行政区的HAQ指数达到80分以上;西藏、青海、贵州、新疆和云南的HAQ指数最低;且处于高和中高社会人口发展水平的大部分省级行政区,其HAQ指数均高于其相应的期望值.1990~2015年中国HAQ指数增长49.30%,其中长幅最大的省级行政区为新疆、江西、云南和陕西,均超过55%;长幅最小的省级行政区为西藏、香港和澳门.研究表明,1990~2015年间,中国医疗可及性和质量有较大程度的提高,但在不同疾病领域、不同省级行政区表现出的医疗可及性和质量及其改善程度差异较大.

Smoking Behavior Among Secondary School Students--China, 2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?In 2019,China CDC conducted the National Youth Tobacco Survey among secondary school students,and the prevalence rates of ever,current,and frequent smoking were 17.9%,5.9%,and 1.8%,respectively.What is added by this report?The prevalence rate of cigarette use in males decreased largely from 2019 to 2021 in China,while it increased in 18 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)for females.The tobacco control situation remains challenging among vocational senior high school(VSHS)students.Significant geographical disparities existed in cigarette use.What are the implications for public health practice?Targeted tobacco control policies aimed at VSHS students are needed,specifically those PLADs with higher smoking rates.Additionally,close attention should be paid to female smokers.

Tobacco Use and Exposure Among Secondary School Students — China, 2019

Summary What is already known about this topic?Using the framework of the global youth tobacco survey(GYTS),China CDC conducted the first round of a national tobacco survey among junior high school(JHS)students in 2014,indicating that 17.9%and 5.9%of respondents were experimental and current cigarette smokers,respectively.

Tobacco Use and Cessation Among College Students--China, 2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous studies about tobacco use among college students in China were conducted at the school level or city level,with fewer than 5,000 students participating.What is added by this report?In 2021,China CDC conducted a national tobacco survey targeting students enrolled in the public higher education system.Overall,124,119 students from 220 colleges and universities in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions participated in this survey.Current cigarette smoking,current daily smoking,willingness to quit,and smoking cessation among college students were explored.What are the implications for public health practice?The current daily cigarette smoking rate of college students was significantly higher than that of senior high school students,especially higher vocational college students.Tobacco control interventions,such as a smoke-free school policy and smoking cessation services,need to be reinforced on college campuses.

Trends and Regional Distribution Pattern of Female Lung Cancer--China,1992-2016

What is already known about this topic?The incidence of female lung cancer in China has been rising,whereas the incidence ratio among men and women is declining.The rising trend of female lung cancer is a prominent public health concern for China.What is added by this report?The joint secular trends distribution of the incidence,mortality,and years of life lost(YLLs)due to premature death of lung cancer in Chinese women demonstrated a certain regionality,which implied the risk factors for female lung cancer in China might be different by region.Common determinant risk factors may exist in regions sharing the same joint secular trends.What are the implications for public health practice?The secular trends and the regional pattern of the trends of female lung cancer in China suggested that the prevention and control of female lung cancer should be implemented with targeted regional interventions.

Prevalence and Determinants of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Adolescent Girls-China,2019

Summary What is already known about this topic?The rate of secondhand smoke(SHS)exposure among female junior high students in 2013-2014 in China was 69.9%.What is added by this report?The rate of SHS among adolescent girls in 2019 in China was 62.8%,with 60.8%in junior high and 65.3%in senior high school,meanwhile,higher SHS exposure was correlated to higher grade levels,senior high school over junior high school,urban areas,those with more pocket money,those who’ve attempted smoking,exposure to tobacco advertisements,those with parents who smoke,those with close friends who smoke,use of e-cigarettes,and belief that SHS exposure is detrimental to health.What are the implications for public health practice?The rate of SHS exposure among adolescent girls in China still remains extraordinarily high.Targeted public health initiatives to curb SHS exposure among adolescent girls are urgently needed in China.