[Objectives]The processing technology of morel and banana waffles was studied with morels and bananas as raw materials. [Methods]Four variable factors of morels, bananas, pure milk and white granulated sugar were inve...[Objectives]The processing technology of morel and banana waffles was studied with morels and bananas as raw materials. [Methods]Four variable factors of morels, bananas, pure milk and white granulated sugar were investigated with sensory evaluation as the evaluation index. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined on the basis of single-factor tests and an orthogonal test. [Results] The best addition proportions of variable factors for morel and banana waffles were 15 g of banana paste, 40 ml of pure milk, 15 g of white granulated sugar, and 1.5 g of morel powder, and those of other factors were 20 ml of egg liquid(whole egg), 35 g of low-gluten flour, 10 g of corn starch, 1 g of baking powder and 2 g of butter. Under these conditions, the morel and banana waffles had moderate shape, delicate taste, bright color and special flavor of raw materials. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the emergence and popularization of new taste and formulas of waffles.展开更多
In this paper, before the implementation of ecological laboratory experiments, the population interaction dynamics of an algae-fish system were studied mathematically and numerically. The purpose of this study was to ...In this paper, before the implementation of ecological laboratory experiments, the population interaction dynamics of an algae-fish system were studied mathematically and numerically. The purpose of this study was to explore how filter-feeding fish population affects the growth dynamics of the algae population. Mathematically theoretical works have been pursuing the investigation of some key conditions for stability of the equilibrium and existence of Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulation works have been parsing the discovery of the growth dynamics of the algae population in view of population interaction dynamics, which in turn could prove the feasibility of the theoretical derivation and reveal the relationship between filter-feeding fish abundance and algal biomass in fish-drift algae communiyua. Furthermore, it was successful to show that the filter-feeding fish population may be a crucial factor in controlling the proliferation of the algae population, which could also directly grasp the evolution of community dynamics. All these results were expected to be useful in the study of community dynamics and laboratory elimination experiment of the algae population.展开更多
Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromo...Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromosomescale genome sequence for Averrhoa carambola(star fruit).Ks distribution analysis showed that A.carambola underwent a whole-genome triplication event,i.e.,the gamma event shared by most eudicots.Comparisons between A.carambola and other angiosperms also permitted the generation of Oxalidaceae gene annotations.We identified unique gene families and analyzed gene family expansion and contraction.This analysis revealed significant changes in MADS-box gene family content,which might be related to the cauliflory of A.carambola.In addition,we identified and analyzed a total of 204 nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes and 58 WRKY genes in the genome,which may be related to the defense response.Our results provide insights into the origin,evolution and diversification of star fruit.展开更多
A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational flu...A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational fluid dynamics method was carried out to discuss the effect of the microstructure on the skin friction reduction under high velocity flow condition.Different microstructure heights were employed to survey the reduction of drag.The results illustrated that the appearance of microstructure led to a generation of pressure drag in non-smooth model(with microstructures inspired by cross section of barchan dune)in contrast to smooth model.However,the microstructure significantly increased the thickness of the low-speed fluid by 11.4%in the near-wall flow field,causing the low-speed fluid to rise and decreasing the velocity gradient near the wall,thereby reducing viscous resistance.In addition,high-speed fluid flowed above the microstructure units instead of along the inner side of the units due to the influence of micro-vortex,resulting in a reduction of friction near the surface.Further-more,micro-vortex was considered to be the significant internal factor to achieve turbulent drag reduction since it could not only reduce the viscous resistance by promoting the fluid flow above the microstructure but also pro-vide a reverse thrust force.The understanding of the mechanism of drag reduction provides theoretical guidance for further fabrication of drag reduction coatings using renewable materials.展开更多
The main work of this paper is focused on construction the single traveling wave solution of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system,which is usually used to simulate the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in birefring...The main work of this paper is focused on construction the single traveling wave solution of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system,which is usually used to simulate the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in birefringent fibers or crossing sea waves on the high seas.Firstly,the coupled Fokas-Lenells system is simplified into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by traveling wave transformation and linear transformation.Then,using the well-known complete discriminant system of third-order polynomials,some single traveling wave solutions of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system are obtained including implicit solutions,rational function solutions and Jacobian function solutions.展开更多
The selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) by NH3 is one of the most mature technologies for NO_(x) treatment.Catalysts are the main factors affecting denitrification efficiency.Zeolites as low-tempe rature NH3-S...The selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) by NH3 is one of the most mature technologies for NO_(x) treatment.Catalysts are the main factors affecting denitrification efficiency.Zeolites as low-tempe rature NH3-SCR catalysts have been extensively studied in the past few years.In this work,the mechanism of zeolites for NH3-SCR reaction was reviewed and the denitrification performances of zeolite catalysts prepared by different methods were compared.The effects of sulfur and water poisoning on zeolite catalysts in NH3-SCR reaction were also analyzed.Several ways to address the problems in lowtemperature NH3-SCR reaction were discussed.Hopefully,this review could provide a fundamental understanding of SCR reaction on zeolite catalysts and pave the way toward similar studies to realize its commercial applications.展开更多
The ability of a plant to produce grain, fruit, or forage depends ultimately on photosynthesis. There have been few attempts, however, to study microRNAs, which are a class of endogenous small RNAs post-transcription-...The ability of a plant to produce grain, fruit, or forage depends ultimately on photosynthesis. There have been few attempts, however, to study microRNAs, which are a class of endogenous small RNAs post-transcription- ally programming gene expression, in relation to photosynthetic traits. We focused on miR408, one of the most conserved plant miRNAs, and overexpressed it in parallel in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and rice. The transgenic plants all exhibited increased copper content in the chloroplast, elevated abundance of plastocyanin, and an induction of photosynthetic genes. By means of gas exchange and optical spectroscopy analyses, we showed that higher expression of miR408 leads to enhanced photosynthesis through improving efficiency of irradiation utilization and the capacity for carbon dioxide fixation. Consequently, miR408 hyper-accumulat- ing plants exhibited higher rate of vegetative growth. An enlargement of seed size was also observed in all three species overproducing miR408. Moreover, we conducted a 2-year-two-location field trial and observed miR408 overexpression in rice significantly increased yield, which was primarily attributed to an elevation in grain weight. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR408 is a positive regulator of photosynthesis and that its genetic engineering is a promising route for enhancing photosynthetic performance and yield in diverse plants.展开更多
Effective oil-water separation is a continuous pursuit,not only for scientific research but also for engineering application,because oil spills are causing the great pollution in the current ocean environment.Here we ...Effective oil-water separation is a continuous pursuit,not only for scientific research but also for engineering application,because oil spills are causing the great pollution in the current ocean environment.Here we reported a superhydrophobic coated-mesh,where the coatings were composed of fluorinated silica(F-SiO2)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),demonstrating the excellent oil-water separation ability towards various organic liquids.The introduction of F-SiO2 could well induce a certain extent of microscopic roughness,leading to the remarkable water repellence.The resultant coatings exhibited the robust superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle reaching 155.9°±1.0°.On this basis,the pore size of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)mesh materials(as a substrate)was mainly discussed with the great oil-water separation efficiency of as high as 98%towards various organic liquids.Also,under the assistance of physical model,it was confirmed that there was a mechanical relation between pore size and organic liquids,where the main connotation was the matching issue of surface tension of organic liquids with the geometrical mechanic(induced by the pore size of the superhydrophobic coated-mesh).This work on the size effect of superhydrophobic coated-mesh materials on various organic liquids is beneficial to the design and manu facture of ideal oil-water separation materials.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Yibin Vocational and Technical College (ZRKY21YB-10)Science and Technology Research Platform Project of Yibin Vocational and Technical College (ybzy21kypt-02)。
文摘[Objectives]The processing technology of morel and banana waffles was studied with morels and bananas as raw materials. [Methods]Four variable factors of morels, bananas, pure milk and white granulated sugar were investigated with sensory evaluation as the evaluation index. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined on the basis of single-factor tests and an orthogonal test. [Results] The best addition proportions of variable factors for morel and banana waffles were 15 g of banana paste, 40 ml of pure milk, 15 g of white granulated sugar, and 1.5 g of morel powder, and those of other factors were 20 ml of egg liquid(whole egg), 35 g of low-gluten flour, 10 g of corn starch, 1 g of baking powder and 2 g of butter. Under these conditions, the morel and banana waffles had moderate shape, delicate taste, bright color and special flavor of raw materials. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the emergence and popularization of new taste and formulas of waffles.
文摘In this paper, before the implementation of ecological laboratory experiments, the population interaction dynamics of an algae-fish system were studied mathematically and numerically. The purpose of this study was to explore how filter-feeding fish population affects the growth dynamics of the algae population. Mathematically theoretical works have been pursuing the investigation of some key conditions for stability of the equilibrium and existence of Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulation works have been parsing the discovery of the growth dynamics of the algae population in view of population interaction dynamics, which in turn could prove the feasibility of the theoretical derivation and reveal the relationship between filter-feeding fish abundance and algal biomass in fish-drift algae communiyua. Furthermore, it was successful to show that the filter-feeding fish population may be a crucial factor in controlling the proliferation of the algae population, which could also directly grasp the evolution of community dynamics. All these results were expected to be useful in the study of community dynamics and laboratory elimination experiment of the algae population.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(ref.2019YFC1711103)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(ref.KFA17331A)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(ref.2019J01410)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 2015 Outstanding Youth Fund Project(ref.xjq201620).
文摘Oxalidaceae is one of the most important plant families in horticulture,and its key commercially relevant genus,Averrhoa,has diverse growth habits and fruit types.Here,we describe the assembly of a high-quality chromosomescale genome sequence for Averrhoa carambola(star fruit).Ks distribution analysis showed that A.carambola underwent a whole-genome triplication event,i.e.,the gamma event shared by most eudicots.Comparisons between A.carambola and other angiosperms also permitted the generation of Oxalidaceae gene annotations.We identified unique gene families and analyzed gene family expansion and contraction.This analysis revealed significant changes in MADS-box gene family content,which might be related to the cauliflory of A.carambola.In addition,we identified and analyzed a total of 204 nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes and 58 WRKY genes in the genome,which may be related to the defense response.Our results provide insights into the origin,evolution and diversification of star fruit.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075246 and U1937206)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661826)+1 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing(No.IADL20190202)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(KYCX19_0181).
文摘A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational fluid dynamics method was carried out to discuss the effect of the microstructure on the skin friction reduction under high velocity flow condition.Different microstructure heights were employed to survey the reduction of drag.The results illustrated that the appearance of microstructure led to a generation of pressure drag in non-smooth model(with microstructures inspired by cross section of barchan dune)in contrast to smooth model.However,the microstructure significantly increased the thickness of the low-speed fluid by 11.4%in the near-wall flow field,causing the low-speed fluid to rise and decreasing the velocity gradient near the wall,thereby reducing viscous resistance.In addition,high-speed fluid flowed above the microstructure units instead of along the inner side of the units due to the influence of micro-vortex,resulting in a reduction of friction near the surface.Further-more,micro-vortex was considered to be the significant internal factor to achieve turbulent drag reduction since it could not only reduce the viscous resistance by promoting the fluid flow above the microstructure but also pro-vide a reverse thrust force.The understanding of the mechanism of drag reduction provides theoretical guidance for further fabrication of drag reduction coatings using renewable materials.
基金Scientific Research Funds of Chengdu University under grant no.2081920034.
文摘The main work of this paper is focused on construction the single traveling wave solution of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system,which is usually used to simulate the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in birefringent fibers or crossing sea waves on the high seas.Firstly,the coupled Fokas-Lenells system is simplified into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by traveling wave transformation and linear transformation.Then,using the well-known complete discriminant system of third-order polynomials,some single traveling wave solutions of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system are obtained including implicit solutions,rational function solutions and Jacobian function solutions.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2019YFS0495-02)。
文摘The selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) by NH3 is one of the most mature technologies for NO_(x) treatment.Catalysts are the main factors affecting denitrification efficiency.Zeolites as low-tempe rature NH3-SCR catalysts have been extensively studied in the past few years.In this work,the mechanism of zeolites for NH3-SCR reaction was reviewed and the denitrification performances of zeolite catalysts prepared by different methods were compared.The effects of sulfur and water poisoning on zeolite catalysts in NH3-SCR reaction were also analyzed.Several ways to address the problems in lowtemperature NH3-SCR reaction were discussed.Hopefully,this review could provide a fundamental understanding of SCR reaction on zeolite catalysts and pave the way toward similar studies to realize its commercial applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101601)
文摘The ability of a plant to produce grain, fruit, or forage depends ultimately on photosynthesis. There have been few attempts, however, to study microRNAs, which are a class of endogenous small RNAs post-transcription- ally programming gene expression, in relation to photosynthetic traits. We focused on miR408, one of the most conserved plant miRNAs, and overexpressed it in parallel in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and rice. The transgenic plants all exhibited increased copper content in the chloroplast, elevated abundance of plastocyanin, and an induction of photosynthetic genes. By means of gas exchange and optical spectroscopy analyses, we showed that higher expression of miR408 leads to enhanced photosynthesis through improving efficiency of irradiation utilization and the capacity for carbon dioxide fixation. Consequently, miR408 hyper-accumulat- ing plants exhibited higher rate of vegetative growth. An enlargement of seed size was also observed in all three species overproducing miR408. Moreover, we conducted a 2-year-two-location field trial and observed miR408 overexpression in rice significantly increased yield, which was primarily attributed to an elevation in grain weight. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR408 is a positive regulator of photosynthesis and that its genetic engineering is a promising route for enhancing photosynthetic performance and yield in diverse plants.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51671105 and 51705244)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170790)+2 种基金the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661826)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing(No.IADL20190202)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Effective oil-water separation is a continuous pursuit,not only for scientific research but also for engineering application,because oil spills are causing the great pollution in the current ocean environment.Here we reported a superhydrophobic coated-mesh,where the coatings were composed of fluorinated silica(F-SiO2)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),demonstrating the excellent oil-water separation ability towards various organic liquids.The introduction of F-SiO2 could well induce a certain extent of microscopic roughness,leading to the remarkable water repellence.The resultant coatings exhibited the robust superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle reaching 155.9°±1.0°.On this basis,the pore size of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)mesh materials(as a substrate)was mainly discussed with the great oil-water separation efficiency of as high as 98%towards various organic liquids.Also,under the assistance of physical model,it was confirmed that there was a mechanical relation between pore size and organic liquids,where the main connotation was the matching issue of surface tension of organic liquids with the geometrical mechanic(induced by the pore size of the superhydrophobic coated-mesh).This work on the size effect of superhydrophobic coated-mesh materials on various organic liquids is beneficial to the design and manu facture of ideal oil-water separation materials.