Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review...Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)have gradually become a widely favored type of fluorescent nanomaterials with unlimited and promising applications.This work reports a means of breaking the shackle of method to develop new red and whi...Carbon dots(CDs)have gradually become a widely favored type of fluorescent nanomaterials with unlimited and promising applications.This work reports a means of breaking the shackle of method to develop new red and white CDs by introducing free radicals.The resulting white emissive CDs in this strategy are employed to demonstrate electroluminescent white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)and achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency(0.95%)of one-step-produced white CDs(WCD)-LEDs,which dramatically simplifies the whole fabrication processes of WLEDs.With additional passivation treatment,the red CDs(RCD2)with excellent properties such as N and S co-doping,bright(quantum yield=49%)and stable photoluminescence(PL),large positive zeta potential(+20.5 mV),and two-photon fluorescence are obtained.Such RCD2 are used for rapid staining(5 min)of yeast cells.The two CDs synthesized via this method have outstanding performance in different aspects,which provides new promise of CDs for further functionalization and applications.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a public health emergency of international concern.It is important to identify high-risk residence communities and the risk factors for decision making on targeted prev...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a public health emergency of international concern.It is important to identify high-risk residence communities and the risk factors for decision making on targeted prevention and control measures.In this paper,the number of confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 in the residence communities in Wuhan,China was collected together with the characteristic variables of the residence communities and the distances between the residence communities and nearby crowded places.The correlation analysis was conducted between the number of confirmed cases and the characteristic/distance variables.Con-cerning the characteristic variables,there are significant positive correlations between the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and the construction area,covered area,total number of houses,total number of buildings,vol-ume ratio,property charge,and number of second-hand houses in the residence communities in Wuhan,while minor or no correlation is observed for the average price of houses,construction year,greening ratio,or number of sold houses.Concerning the distance variables,there are significant negative correlations between the number of confirmed cases and the distances from the residence communities to the nearest universities,business clus-ters,and railway stations,while minor or no correlation is observed for the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market,kindergartens,primary schools,middle schools,shopping malls,cinemas,subway stations,bus stops,inter-city bus stations,airport,general hospitals,or appointed hospitals for COVID-19 pandemic.Therefore,the residence communities which are newly-built,where the volume ratio or property charge is high or the construction area,covered area,or total number of houses,buildings,second-hand houses,or sold houses is large,or which are close to universities,business clusters,subway stations,or railway stations are the high-risk ones where strict measures should be taken.This study provides the authorities with a valuable reference for precise disease prevention and control on the residence community level in similar cities in the world.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C020122022C02078)。
文摘Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21974101 and 22174102).
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)have gradually become a widely favored type of fluorescent nanomaterials with unlimited and promising applications.This work reports a means of breaking the shackle of method to develop new red and white CDs by introducing free radicals.The resulting white emissive CDs in this strategy are employed to demonstrate electroluminescent white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)and achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency(0.95%)of one-step-produced white CDs(WCD)-LEDs,which dramatically simplifies the whole fabrication processes of WLEDs.With additional passivation treatment,the red CDs(RCD2)with excellent properties such as N and S co-doping,bright(quantum yield=49%)and stable photoluminescence(PL),large positive zeta potential(+20.5 mV),and two-photon fluorescence are obtained.Such RCD2 are used for rapid staining(5 min)of yeast cells.The two CDs synthesized via this method have outstanding performance in different aspects,which provides new promise of CDs for further functionalization and applications.
基金This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0714500)National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71925005,7204100828)High-tech Discipline Construction Fundings for Universities in Beijing(Safety Science and Engineering)and Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a public health emergency of international concern.It is important to identify high-risk residence communities and the risk factors for decision making on targeted prevention and control measures.In this paper,the number of confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 in the residence communities in Wuhan,China was collected together with the characteristic variables of the residence communities and the distances between the residence communities and nearby crowded places.The correlation analysis was conducted between the number of confirmed cases and the characteristic/distance variables.Con-cerning the characteristic variables,there are significant positive correlations between the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and the construction area,covered area,total number of houses,total number of buildings,vol-ume ratio,property charge,and number of second-hand houses in the residence communities in Wuhan,while minor or no correlation is observed for the average price of houses,construction year,greening ratio,or number of sold houses.Concerning the distance variables,there are significant negative correlations between the number of confirmed cases and the distances from the residence communities to the nearest universities,business clus-ters,and railway stations,while minor or no correlation is observed for the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market,kindergartens,primary schools,middle schools,shopping malls,cinemas,subway stations,bus stops,inter-city bus stations,airport,general hospitals,or appointed hospitals for COVID-19 pandemic.Therefore,the residence communities which are newly-built,where the volume ratio or property charge is high or the construction area,covered area,or total number of houses,buildings,second-hand houses,or sold houses is large,or which are close to universities,business clusters,subway stations,or railway stations are the high-risk ones where strict measures should be taken.This study provides the authorities with a valuable reference for precise disease prevention and control on the residence community level in similar cities in the world.
