The lunar ferroan anorthosites,formed by plagioclase flotation from the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean,have an age span of over~200 Ma.However,previous thermal models predicted a much shorter time range.We p...The lunar ferroan anorthosites,formed by plagioclase flotation from the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean,have an age span of over~200 Ma.However,previous thermal models predicted a much shorter time range.We propose that a much smaller thermal conductivity of anorthositic crust due to its high porosity may have delayed the solidification of the lunar magma ocean.Our thermal simulation results,using the thermal conductivity of porous lunar crust,show that crystallization of a 1000 km deep magma ocean could be prolonged to tens of millions of years,and up to 180 Ma under some extreme conditions.The porous crust alone can’t explain the large crustal age span,however.Other circumstances must be taken into consideration,such as a thick lunar soil.展开更多
火星探测是当前太阳系探测和行星科学的焦点.经过近60年的发展,火星成为除地球外,探测和研究程度最高的太阳系行星体,派生出火星空间环境、火星大气、火星表层/次表层物质组成、形貌构造、撞击历史、冰川和冰冻层、气候变化、火星内部...火星探测是当前太阳系探测和行星科学的焦点.经过近60年的发展,火星成为除地球外,探测和研究程度最高的太阳系行星体,派生出火星空间环境、火星大气、火星表层/次表层物质组成、形貌构造、撞击历史、冰川和冰冻层、气候变化、火星内部结构等多个研究领域.火星陨石研究和实验室模拟研究(实验模拟、数值模拟等)也得以快速发展.火星的重大科学发现包含早期和现代的水活动证据、地质环境多样性、现代地质过程监测、甲烷和有机物的发现、大气组成和演化、当前和近期气候变化、重力场和表面辐射环境等.重大科学成果的取得得益于科学目标规划的指引,也影响着未来科学目标的制订.通过梳理美国火星探测项目分析组(Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group,MEPAG)近20年火星探测科学目标(生命、气候、地质、载人)的演变,展现出国际火星探测思路及未来探测重点.未来10年的火星探测将进一步认知火星内部结构、开启火星生命探测的新阶段和开展火星和火星卫星样品返回.中国开展的火星探测任务也将为国际火星科学发展做出贡献.当前火星仍有诸多重大科学问题未有解答,这些问题与太阳系的重大科学问题紧密融合,突显出火星探测在太阳系形成演化以及太阳系行星宜居性的形成演化研究中不可替代的重要地位.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 41773064, 41931077)the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB41020300)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS, the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB11)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z181100002918003)。
文摘The lunar ferroan anorthosites,formed by plagioclase flotation from the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean,have an age span of over~200 Ma.However,previous thermal models predicted a much shorter time range.We propose that a much smaller thermal conductivity of anorthositic crust due to its high porosity may have delayed the solidification of the lunar magma ocean.Our thermal simulation results,using the thermal conductivity of porous lunar crust,show that crystallization of a 1000 km deep magma ocean could be prolonged to tens of millions of years,and up to 180 Ma under some extreme conditions.The porous crust alone can’t explain the large crustal age span,however.Other circumstances must be taken into consideration,such as a thick lunar soil.
基金This study was supported by West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Lunar Program of Geochemical Institute）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41373067 and 40803019）.
基金We thank the China National Space Administration for providing access to the lunar sample CE5C0200YJFM00302This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 41000000)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42273042 and 41931077)the Technical Advanced Research Project of Civil Space(D020201)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020395)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSWJSC007-10 and QYZDY-SSW-DQC028)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720216).
文摘火星探测是当前太阳系探测和行星科学的焦点.经过近60年的发展,火星成为除地球外,探测和研究程度最高的太阳系行星体,派生出火星空间环境、火星大气、火星表层/次表层物质组成、形貌构造、撞击历史、冰川和冰冻层、气候变化、火星内部结构等多个研究领域.火星陨石研究和实验室模拟研究(实验模拟、数值模拟等)也得以快速发展.火星的重大科学发现包含早期和现代的水活动证据、地质环境多样性、现代地质过程监测、甲烷和有机物的发现、大气组成和演化、当前和近期气候变化、重力场和表面辐射环境等.重大科学成果的取得得益于科学目标规划的指引,也影响着未来科学目标的制订.通过梳理美国火星探测项目分析组(Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group,MEPAG)近20年火星探测科学目标(生命、气候、地质、载人)的演变,展现出国际火星探测思路及未来探测重点.未来10年的火星探测将进一步认知火星内部结构、开启火星生命探测的新阶段和开展火星和火星卫星样品返回.中国开展的火星探测任务也将为国际火星科学发展做出贡献.当前火星仍有诸多重大科学问题未有解答,这些问题与太阳系的重大科学问题紧密融合,突显出火星探测在太阳系形成演化以及太阳系行星宜居性的形成演化研究中不可替代的重要地位.
