A Novel Approach for Evaluation of Food Functions and Safety Applied in RR GM Soybeans

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate tbe healthy risk of genetically modified （ GM ） soybeans by using a novel approach for functions and safety of food. [ Me^od] Different from traditional evaluation of substantial equivalence, three great innovations were performed in this study, involving in basic diet, evalu- ation approaches and principle, as well as the clarification of connotation differences between absolute and relative mass of organs. Hence a novel BDI-GS （Bendib Damage Index and General Score） evaluation approach was established and applied in comparative evaluation between RR GM and natural soybeans. Healthy male ICR mice during linear growth were selected; experimental mice were fed with 15% RR GM soybeans and 15% natural soybeans blending maize meal diets, and control mice were fed with single maize meal diet for 13 d; the mice were dissected after collecting blood samples and perfectly obtained nine organs or tissues to re- cord their masses and conduct statistical analyses. [Result] Plenty of matching information was obtained through simple design. The growth performance of treated mice was markedly of individual differences, some mice were thwarted due to regular intake of RR soybeans. Meanwhile, the functions and safety of RR soybeans were markedly lowered in overall nutritional and healthy effects than those of natural soybeans expressed in GS values, and presents some declines in nutrition and health of thymus, pancreas and spermary; especially, it can make thymus immune （P 〈0.05） in markedly lower level than that of natural soybeans. [ Conclusion] Therefore, major troubles and risks of RR soybeans intake are of personal risks in different degrees, in addition, it may increase sub-health and related chronic epi- demics risks, and herein it will presents certain safety issues. The creation of this novel evaluation system provides a simple and available evaluation approach for functions and potential risks revelation of food effects, and will yield far-reaching influences to safety evaluation and healthy development of GM foods, as well as public health.

Promoted Li+ conduction in PEO-based all-solid-state electrolyte by hydroxyl-modified glass fiber fillers

In the polyoxyethylene(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes,the low ionic conductivity of lithium ions limits its application in solid-state lithium batteries,so optimizing the conduction path of lithium ions is beneficial to improve the ionic conductivity.In this work,we report the use of hydrothermal carbon nano-sphere(HCS)modified glass fibers(GF)as a functional filler(GF@HCS)to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO composite solidstate electrolytes.The oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups on the surface of HCS can be complexed with Li ions as its transport sites,which means that it can promote the longdistance transport of Li ions along the glass fiber surface.With addition of 2 wt%GF@HCS fillers,the degree of crystallinity of PEO composite solid-state electrolyte is the smallest,and the ionic conductivity is significantly increased from 8.9×10^(-5) to 4.4×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1) at 60℃.Moreover,the PEO composite solid-state electrolyte exhibits better lithium-metal interface stability in symmetric lithium batteries and superior rate performance in LiFePO4 solid-state batteries.

A homogenous solid polymer electrolyte prepared by facile spray drying method is used for room-temperature solid lithium metal batteries

The aggregation of inorganic particles with high mass ratio will form a heterogeneous electric field in the solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs),which is difficult to be compatible with lithium anode,leading to inadequate ionic conductivity.Herein,a facile spray drying method is adopted to increase the mass ratio of inorganic particles and solve the aggregation problems of fillers simultaneously.The polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)covers the surface of each Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)granules during the nebulization process,then forming flat solid electrolytes via layer-by-layer deposition.Characterized by the atomic force microscope,the obtained solid electrolytes achieve a homogenous dispersion of Young’s modulus and surface electric field.As a result,the as-prepared SPEs present high tensile strength of 7.1 MPa,high ionic conductivity of 1.86×10^(−4)S·cm^(−1)at room temperature,and wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V,demonstrating increased mechanical strength and uniform lithium-ion migration channels for SPEs.Thanks to the as-prepared SPEs,the lithiumsymmetrical cells show a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 1,000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(−2).The corresponding Li/LCoO_(2)batteries also present good rate capability and excellent cyclic performance with capacity retention of 80%after 100 cycles at room temperature.

高界面能异质结构促进更大锂沉积和快速Li^(+)去溶剂化

高界面能电解液界面有助于更大的锂成核胚胎和更稳定的界面,因此界面能对于高度可逆的锂沉积/剥离极为重要.本文设计了一种高界面能的人工固体电解质界面(SEI),将丰富的LiF嵌入PAMPS-Li聚合物网络中,同时实现有利的锂成核和快速Li^(+)去溶剂化.LiF(001)中的Li-F键与Li原子有更强的离子偶极作用,与其他成分相比具有更高的界面能.当锂生长表面能和总界面能达到平衡时,具有丰富LiF的高界面能SEI可以促进更大的锂金属成核胚胎.此外,将阴离子固定的PAMPS-Li与锂的相互作用较弱,具有较高的聚合物-锂界面能,其具有的酰胺基和磺酸基与Li^(+)表现出更高的结合能.因此,高界面能的PAMPS-Li可以促进Li^(+)轻易地脱离溶剂鞘,并减少解溶能垒.基于高界面能的异质结构SEI的协同改性,实现了高度可逆的锂沉积行为,并限制了副反应的发生.最重要的是,具有低N/P比(1.67)的多层锂金属软包电池(330 Wh kg^(-1))的循环寿命长达100次以上,验证了其潜在的实际应用.