Humanβ-defensin-1 affects the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and autophagy in colon cancer cells through long noncoding RNA TCONS_00014506

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality.Humanβ-defensin-1(hBD-1)may play an integral function in the innate immune system,contributing to the recognition and destruction of cancer cells.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth.AIM To investigate the effect of hBD-1 on the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy in human colon cancer SW620 cells.METHODS CCK8 assay was utilized for the detection of cell proliferation and determination of the optimal drug concentration.Colony formation assay was employed to assess the effect of hBD-1 on SW620 cell proliferation.Bioinformatics was used to screen potentially biologically significant lncRNAs related to the mTOR pathway.Additionally,p-mTOR(Ser2448),Beclin1,and LC3II/I expression levels in SW620 cells were assessed through Western blot analysis.RESULTS hBD-1 inhibited the proliferative ability of SW620 cells,as evidenced by the reduction in the colony formation capacity of SW620 cells upon exposure to hBD-1.hBD-1 decreased the expression of p-mTOR(Ser2448)protein and increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis identified seven lncRNAs(2 upregulated and 5 downregulated)related to the mTOR pathway.The lncRNA TCONS_00014506 was ultimately selected.Following the inhibition of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,exposure to hBD-1 inhibited p-mTOR(Ser2448)and promoted Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein expression.CONCLUSION hBD-1 inhibits the mTOR pathway and promotes autophagy by upregulating the expression of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 in SW620 cells.

Argа-Bilig theory in traditional Mongolian medicine:a theoretical and practical perspective

The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body.

Basic philosophy of three essences theory in traditional Mongolian medicine

Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)integrates Tibetan and Chinese medicine with indigenous Mongolian practices,focusing on the balance of three core essences:Khii,Shar,and Badgan,derived from the Five Elements-earth,water,fire,wind,and space.These essences regulate both physical and psychological processes,and their imbalance,often caused by diet,behavior,or environment,leads to disease.TMM utilizes holistic diagnostic methods such as pulse diagnosis,visual inspection,and lifestyle evaluation to identify imbalances of three essences.Treatments include herbal remedies,dietary adjustments,behavior modification,and accessory therapies like moxibustion and massage to restore balance.This mini review examines the philosophical underpinnings,diagnostic techniques,and therapeutic strategies to Khii,Shar,and Badgan,highlighting their importance in both traditional and modern integrative healthcare.

Tanshinone ⅡA improves functional recovery in spinal cord injury-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction

Tanshinone ⅡA, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. This study intravenously injected tanshinone ⅡA 20 mg/kg into rat models of spinal cord injury for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that tanshinone ⅡA could reduce the inflammation, edema as well as compensatory thickening of the bladder tissue, improve urodynamic parameters, attenuate secondary injury, and promote spinal cord regeneration. The number of hypertrophic and apoptotic dorsal root ganglion（L6–S1） cells was less after treatment with tanshinone ⅡA. The effects of tanshinone ⅡA were similar to intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone. These findings suggested that tanshinone ⅡA improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction by remodeling the spinal pathway involved in lower urinary tract control.

Application of multidisciplinary collaborative nursing with family care for enhanced recovery after surgery in children with inguinal hernia

BACKGROUND Perioperative nursing can reduce the stress reaction and improve the prognosis of children.AIM To elucidate the influence of multidisciplinary collaborative nursing for enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)with family care in perioperative nursing children with an inguinal hernia and its impact on the prognosis.METHODS The data of 100 children with inguinal hernia were retrospectively analyzed.The participants were divided into three groups according to different nursing methods:Groups A(n=38),B(n=32),and C(n=30).Group A received multidisciplinary collaborative ERAS nursing combined with family care nursing;Group B received multidisciplinary collaborative nursing for ERAS;and Group C received routine nursing.The postoperative recovery results of the three groups were compared,including intraoperative blood loss and postoperative feeding time,time of getting out of bed,hospitalization time,and defecation time.Furthermore,the incidence of common complications was also compared between the three groups.RESULTS There was less intraoperative blood loss in Groups A and B than in Group C(P<0.05),and the time of getting out of bed and postoperative hospitalization and defecation times were also decreased in Group C(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative feeding time among the three groups(P>0.05).Each index had no statistical significance between Groups A and B(P>0.05).The incidence of urinary retention,infection,hematoma,and hernia recurrence in Group A was less than that in Group C(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the overall complication rate between Groups A and B and between Groups B and C(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of multidisciplinary collaborative nursing combined with family care in the perioperative care of children with an inguinal hernia for ERAS may promote postoperative rehabilitation for children and reduce the incidence of complications.

Analysis of the levels of in vivo immunological indicators in patients with different types of malignanat lymphoma

Objective:To analyze the levels of in vivo immunological indicators in patients with different types of malignanat lymphoma.Methods: A total of 69 patients with different types of malignanat lymphoma who were admitted in our hospital were included in the study, among which 31 had primary extranodular malignant lymphoma (extranodular group), and 38 had primary nodular malignant lymphoma (nodular group). Moreover, 34 patients with pure lymphnoditis were served as the control group. FCM and full-automatic speed scattering turbidimetry were used to detect T lymphocyte subsets proportion, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 in the three groups.Results: The comparison of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cell proportion, and CD4+/CD8+ among the three groups was significantly different. When compared with the control group, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cell proportion, and CD4+/CD8+ in the extranodular group and nodular group were significantly reduced;moreover, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the extranodular group were significantly lower than those in the nodular group, while NK cell in the extranodular group was significantly higher than that in the nodular group. The comparison of IgG, IgA, and C3 levels among the three groups was statistically significant. When compared with the control group, IgG and IgA levels in the extranodular group and nodular group were significantly elevated, while C3 level was significantly reduced, and the comparison between the extranodular group and nodular group between the two groups was statistically significant. IgM level in the extranodular group and nodular group was elevated, C4 level was reduced, but the comparison with the control group was not statistically significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CD3+ and CD4+ were significantly correlated with IgA, IgG, and C3.Conclusions: With the increasing of severity degree of lymphoma, the immunological level is reduced, while CD3+ and CD4+ are significantly correlated with IgA, IgG, and C3, indicating that detection of CD3+ and CD4+ proportion or IgA, IgG, and C3 contents in combined with pathological characteristics can evaluate the severity degree of malignant lymphoma in order to provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical evaluations of mineralized collagen in the extraction sites preservation

The purpose of this study was to explore the different effects between biomimetic mineralized collagen(MC)and ordinary physically blended hydroxyapatite/collagen(HA/Col)composite in evaluating new bone formation and regenerated bone height in human extraction sockets.Thirty-four patients who cannot retain teeth caused by trauma or decay were randomly selected from Department of Stomatology of Dongzhimen Hospital from December 2013 to December 2014.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.After the operation of tooth extraction,17 patients were implanted with biomimetic MC(MC group),and other 17 patients were implanted with ordinary physically blended nHA/Col composite(nHA/Col group).X-ray positioning projection by auto-photographing was taken to test the distance between the lowest position and the neighboring CEJm-CEJd immediately,1 month and 3 months after the operation.The height of new bone formation of the MC group was significantly higher than the nHA/Col group.Biomimetic MC showed better clinical outcomes in the bone formation for extraction site preservation and would have broad application prospect in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgeries.

Advances in the surface modification techniques of bone-related implants for last 10 years

At the time of implanting bone-related implants into human body,a variety of biological responses to the material surface occur with respect to surface chemistry and physical state.The commonly used biomaterials(e.g.titanium and its alloy,Co–Cr alloy,stainless steel,polyetheretherketone,ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and various calcium phosphates)have many drawbacks such as lack of biocompatibility and improper mechanical properties.As surface modification is very promising technology to overcome such problems,a variety of surface modification techniques have been being investigated.This review paper covers recent advances in surface modification techniques of bone-related materials including physicochemical coating,radiation grafting,plasma surface engineering,ion beam processing and surface patterning techniques.The contents are organized with different types of techniques to applicable materials,and typical examples are also described.

Comparison of bone regeneration in alveolar bone of dogs on mineralized collagen grafts with two composition ratios of nanohydroxyapatite and collagen

To study the effect of two composition ratios of nano-hydroxyapatite and collagen(NHAC)composites on repairing alveolar bone defect of dogs.Eighteen healthy adult dogs were randomly divided into three groups.Two kinds of the NHAC composites were prepared according to the constituent ratios of 3:7 and 5:5;immediately after extraction of the mandibular second premolars,each kind of the NHAC composite was implanted into extraction socket,respectively:Group I,nHA/Col紏3:7;Group II,nHA/Col紏5:5 and Group III,blank control group.The bone-repairing ability of the two grafts was separately analyzed by morphometric measurement,X-ray tomography examination and biomechanical analysis at 1st,3rd and 6th month post-surgical,respectively.The NHAC composites were absorbed gradually after implanting into alveolar bone defect and were replaced by new bone.The ratios of new bone formation of Group I was significantly higher than that of Group II after 3 months(P<0.05).The structure and bioactive performance can be improved when the ratio between the collagen and the hydroxyapatite was reasonable,and the repairing ability and effect in extraction sockets are obviously better.

Clinical observations of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by using mineralized collagen modified polymethylmethacrylate bone cement

To investigate the clinical outcomes of the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)by using mineralized collagen(MC)modified polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)bone cement.52 cases(52 vertebras)who sustained OVCF treated with MC modified PMMA bone cement from July 2014 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.All the cases(52 patients,52 vertebras)included 8 males and 44 females with an average age of 74.83(ranging from 57-to 90-years old).The visual analogue scale(VAS),vertebral body height,Cobb angle,CT values preand post-operation as well as incidence of complications were used to be observed.All the patients underwent the surgery were successfully followed-up with an average period of 13.54 months(ranging from 6 to 23 months).The patients can ambulate at the second day after the operation.The VAS scores 2 days after the operation and during the last follow-up were significantly decreased compared with that before the operation(P<0.05);the average vertebral height and local Cobb angle had significant recovery(P<0.05);the CT value of the treated vertebra significantly increased compared with that before the operation(P<0.05).MC with good osteogenic activity and degradation properties can effectively improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the PMMA bone cement,thus obtain better clinical results.

Various fates of neuronal progenitor cells observed on several different chemical functional groups

Neuronal progenitor cells cultured on gold-coated glass surfaces modified by different chemical functional groups, including hydroxyl （-OH）, carboxyl （COOH）, amino （-NH2）, bromo （-Br）, mercapto （-SH）, - Phenyl and methyl （-CH3）, were studied here to investigate the influence of surface chemistry on the cells＇ adhesion, morphology, proliferation and functional gene expression. Focal adhesion staining indicated in the initial culture stage cells exhibited morphological changes in response to different chemical functional groups. Cells cultured on -NH2 grafted surface displayed focal adhesion plaque and flattened morphology and had the largest contact area. However, their counter parts on -CH3 grafted surface displayed no focal adhesion and rounded morphology and had the smallest contact area. After 6 days culture, the proliferation trend was as follows： NH2〉 SH〉-COOH〉 Phenyl〉 Br〉 OH〉-CH3. To deter- mine the neural functional properties of the cells affected by surface chemistry, the expression of glutamate decarboxylase （GAD67）, nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain- derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） were characterized. An increase of GAD67 expression was observed on - NH2, -COOH and -SH grafted surfaces, while no increase in NGF and BDNF expression was observed on any chemical surfaces. These results highlight the importance of surface chemistry in the fate determination of neuronal progenitor cells, and suggest that surface chemistry must be considered in the design of biomaterials for neural tissue engineering.

Comparative evaluation of a biomimic collagen/ hydroxyapatite/β-tricaleium phosphate scaffold in alveolar ridge preservation with Bio-Oss Collagen

Bone scaffolds are critical in current implant and periodontal regeneration approaches. In this study, we prepared a novel composite type-I collagen and hydroxyapatite （HA）/β-tricaleium phosphate （TCP） scaffold （CHTS） by incorporating type-I collagen and bovine calcined bone granules, prepared as a mixture of 50% HA and 50% TCP, by freeze drying. We then characterized the CHTS and determined its cytotoxic effects. Additionally, ridge preservation experiments were carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of the CHTS. The results demonstrated that the composite scaffolds had good surface morphology and no cytotoxicity. Additionally, an in vivo experiment in an animal model showed that the CHTS performed equally as well as Bio-Oss Collagen, a widely used bone graft in ridge preservation. These findings revealed that the CHTS, which contained natural constituents of bone, could be used as a scaffold for bone regeneration and clinical use.

A Characterization of PM-compact Hamiltonian Bipartite Graphs

The perfect matching polytope of a graph G is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of all perfect matchings in G. A graph is called perfect matching compact（shortly, PM-compact）, if its perfect matching polytope has diameter one. This paper gives a complete characterization of simple PM-compact Hamiltonian bipartite graphs. We first define two families of graphs, called the H2C-bipartite graphs and the H23-bipartite graphs, respectively. Then we show that, for a simple Hamiltonian bipartite graph G with ｜V（G）｜ ≥ 6, G is PM-compact if and only if G is K3,3, or G is a spanning Hamiltonian subgraph of either an H2C-bipartite graph or an H23-bipartite graph.

Self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels for central nervous system regeneration

Central nervous system （CNS） presents a complex regeneration problem due to the inability of central neurons to regenerate correct axonal and dendritic connections. However, recent advances in developmental neurobiology, cell signaling, cell-matrix interaction, and biomaterials technologies have forced a reconsideration of CNS regeneration potentials from the viewpoint of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The applications of a novel tissue regeneration-inducing biomaterial and stem cells are thought to be critical for the mission. The use of peptide nanoflber hydrogels in cell therapy and tissue engineering offers promising perspectives for CNS regeneration. Self-assembling peptide undergo a rapid transformation from liquid to gel upon addition of counterions or pH adjustment, directly integrating with the host tissue. The peptide nanofiber hydrogels have mechanical properties that closely match the native central nervous extracellular matrix, which could enhance axonal growth. Such materials can provide an optimal three dimensional microenvironment for encapsulated cells. These materials can also be tailored with bioactive motifs to modulate the wound environment and enhance regeneration. This review intends to detail the recent status of selfassembling peptide nanoflber hydrogels for CNS regeneration.

Scaffolds for central nervous system tissue engineering

Traumatic injuries to the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system （CNS） lead to severe and permanent neurological deficits and to date there is no universally accepted treatment. Owing to the profound impact, extensive studies have been carried out aiming at reducing inflammatory responses and overcoming the inhibitory environment in the CNS after injury so as to enhance regeneration. Artificial scaffolds may provide a suitable environment for axonal regeneration and functional recovery, and are of particular importance in cases in which the injury has resulted in a cavitary defect. In this review we discuss development of scaffolds for CNS tissue engineering, focusing on mechanism of CNS injuries, various biomaterials that have been used in studies, and current strategies for designing and fabricating scaffolds.

Cancer cell proliferation controlled by surface chemistry in its microenvironment

Hepatoma cells （Hepg2s） as typical cancer cells cultured on hydroxyl （-OH） and methyl （- CH3） group surfaces were shown to exhibit different proliferation and morphological changes. Hepg2s cells on OH surfaces grew much more rapidly than those on -CH3 surfaces. Hepg2s cells on -OH surfaces had the larger contact area and the more flattened morphology, while those on CH3 surfaces exhibited the smaller contact area and the more rounded morphology. After 7 days of culture, the migration of Hepg2s cells into clusters on the CH3 surfaces behaved significantly slower than that on the OH surfaces. These chemically modified surfaces exhibited regulation of Hepg2s cells on proliferation, adhesion, and migration, providing a potential treatment of liver cancer.

Novel combined shield design for eye and face protection from COVID-19

The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of goggles and face shields for protection of medical personnel at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.Unsurprisingly,almost all countries suffered from a critical supply shortage of goggles and face shields,as well as many other types of personal protective equipment(PPE),for a long period,owing to the lack of key medical material supplies and the inefficiency of existing fabrication methods arising from the need to avoid crowds during the outbreak of COVID-19.In this paper,we propose a novel combined shield design for eye and face protection that can be rapidly fabricated using three-dimensional printing technology.The designed prototype eye-face shield is accessible to the general public,offering more possibilities for yield improvement in PPE during emergent infectious disease events such as COVID-19.

PM-compact Graphs and Vertex-deleted Subgraphs

The perfect matching polytope of a graph G is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of all perfect matchings of G.A graph G is PM-compact if the 1-skeleton graph of the prefect matching polytope of G is complete.Equivalently,a matchable graph G is PM-compact if and only if for each even cycle C of G,G-V(C)has at most one perfect matching.This paper considers the class of graphs from which deleting any two adjacent vertices or nonadjacent vertices,respectively,the resulting graph has a unique perfect matching.The PM-compact graphs in this class of graphs are presented.