Overview on Technology of Degrading and Eliminating Mycotoxins in Agro-products and its Application

Based on the perspective of risk control,this article introduces related technology of eliminating mycotoxins in agricultural products and the current situation of application,including traditional physical,chemical and biological methods as well as the contemporary situation of relatively advanced technology at home and abroad,which provides reference for the policy-making and technology application of mycotoxin control in agro-products in China.

Recent advances in metal-free CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) photocatalysts:Synthetic strategies,mechanism insight,and applications

Carbon dots/graphite carbon nitride(CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4)),a novel composite photocatalyst,has shown great po-tential for applications in energy regeneration and environmental remediation owing to its following advantages:metal-free,low cost,easily tunable,and excellent photocatalytic performance.Hence,we reviewed the development of synthetic strategies,photocatalytic enhancement mechanisms,and pho-tocatalytic applications of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) in this study.First,the three composite strategies of CDs and g-C_(3)N_(4)-self-assembly,solvothermal,and calcination polymerization are outlined,and their advantages and disadvantages are described in detail.Moreover,the photocatalytic enhancement mechanism of the com-posite strategies was elucidated according to the variation trends of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) band structure,electronic properties,light absorption range,and interfacial charge transfer.Then,the applications of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) in hydrogen evolution,pollutant degradation,CO_(2) reduction,and bacterial disinfection in recent years are reviewed systematically.Finally,the current obstacles and future research directions of CDs/g-C_(3)N_(4) are discussed from the perspective of preparation technology and practical applications,respectively.

Research on the mechanical fault diagnosis method based on sound signal and IEMD-DDCNN

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to provide a shorter time cost,high-accuracy fault diagnosis method for water pumps.Water pumps are widely used in industrial equipment and their fault diagnosis is gaining increasing attention.Considering the time-consuming empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method and the more efficient classification provided by the convolutional neural network(CNN)method,a novel classification method based on incomplete empirical mode decomposition(IEMD)and dual-input dual-channel convolutional neural network(DDCNN)composite data is proposed and applied to the fault diagnosis of water pumps.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes a data preprocessing method using IEMD combined with mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient(MFCC)and a neural network model of DDCNN.First,the sound signal is decomposed by IEMD to get numerous intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)and a residual(RES).Several IMFs and one RES are then extracted by MFCC features.Ultimately,the obtained features are split into two channels(IMFs one channel;RES one channel)and input into DDCNN.Findings–The Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection(MIMII dataset)is used to verify the practicability of the method.Experimental results show that decomposition into an IMF is optimal when taking into account the real-time and accuracy of the diagnosis.Compared with EMD,51.52% of data preprocessing time,67.25% of network training time and 63.7%of test time are saved and also improve accuracy.Research limitations/implications–This method can achieve higher accuracy in fault diagnosis with a shorter time cost.Therefore,the fault diagnosis of equipment based on the sound signal in the factory has certain feasibility and research importance.Originality/value–This method provides a feasible method for mechanical fault diagnosis based on sound signals in industrial applications.

动物细胞培养技术在人造肉研究中的应用

人造肉作为2018年全球十大突破和新兴科技之一,因其来源可追溯、食品安全性和绿色可持续等优势得到广泛的关注。欧美等国家已经投入大量资源开展细胞培养人造肉研究,未来将对我国的肉制品及食品市场造成一定的冲击。现阶段,细胞培养人造肉生产的挑战在于如何高效模拟动物肌肉组织生长环境,并在生物反应器中实现大规模的生产。尽管动物细胞组织培养技术已经得到深入的研究,并取得了不同程度的成功应用,但由于现有动物细胞组织培养成本与技术要求较高,仍不能实现大规模的产业化培养。因此,对于人造肉的生产来说,开发高效、安全的大规模细胞培养技术是亟需解决的问题,可以有效降低生产成本,实现产业化应用。文中通过介绍基于人造肉生物制造的动物细胞组织培养技术研究现状,具体阐述了目前的挑战和关键技术问题,并初步探讨了其可能的解决策略和应用前景。

细胞培养肉规模化生产工艺及反应器展望

体外培养动物肌肉组织作为食用材料的构想在20世纪30年代就有了,90年代末还出现了相关的专利,但该技术到目前为止还没有大规模生产的例子。过去五、六年来,尤其是2013年世界首个细胞培养牛肉汉堡公开试吃活动以后,培养肉(Cultured meat)被大量报道。截至2019年3月,全世界已有超过25家公司宣布正在研究将培养肉推向市场,但仍没有一家企业能把产品放到普通消费者面前。这其中一部分限制因素是监管和社会伦理方面的争议,但更大的问题是生产成本居高不下。规模化生产是降低单位成本的有效手段,但目前业界对动物细胞大规模培养的传质、传热、混合、剪切应力等问题还缺乏足够关注。动物细胞培养传统上多用于量低价高的医疗、医药领域,提高产量的途径往往是多组体积不超过2?20m^3的设备并列运行,保持培养环境均一性问题不大。但人工培养动物肌肉细胞若作为大宗食品进入市场与传统养殖业进行有效竞争,所需的生物反应器规模和细胞密度还需在目前常用的动物细胞培养技术基础上提高至少一个数量级。因此,培养肉大规模培养工艺与设备的进步是使其成为替代性动物蛋白来源的前提条件。本工作对培养肉规模化生产能采用的反应器类型、操作模式、存在的主要问题及与反应器相关的研究方向进行探讨,为国内相关企业和科研机构提供参考。

Sphingosine-1-phosphate,a novel TREM2 ligand,promotes microglial phagocytosis to protect against ischemic brain injury

The mechanism of sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)-mediated phagocytosis remains unknown.Here,we found that S1P or FTY720(an analog of S1P)promoted microglial phagocytosis in stroke independent of S1PRs.First,we used computer simulation of molecular docking to predict that S1P might be a ligand for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2).Next,microscale thermophoresis(MST),surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS)were performed to reveal that S1P was a novel TREM2 ligand.Then,we confirmed the pro-phagocytosis of S1P targeting in Trem2-Dap12 transfected CHO cells and TREM2 knockdown microglia.Point mutation analysis showed that D104 was the critical binding residue.Trem2^(−/−)mice were used to demonstrate the role of S1P-induced phagocytosis targeting on TREM2 in protecting against ischemic brain injury.Finally,further studies revealed that apolipoprotein E(APOE)loaded with S1P was released by microglia and bound to apoptotic neurons via LDL receptor related protein 1B(LRP1B)and thereby induced microglia to phagocytose apoptotic neurons.Overall,the present work reveals for the first time that S1P acts as a novel endogenous ligand of TREM2 to effectively promote microglial phagocytosis.Our findings provide a new lead compound for developing immunomodulator targeting on TREM2.

Sleep Promotion by 3-Hydroxy-4-Iminobutyric Acid in Walnut Diaphragma juglandis Fructus

Insufficient sleep can produce a multitude of deleterious repercussions on various domains of human well-being.Concomitantly,the walnut(Juglans mandshurica)confers numerous salutary biological activities pertaining to sleep.Nevertheless,the sedative and hypnotic capacities of walnut's functional constituents remain obscure.In this investigation,we analyzed the sedative and hypnotic components of the walnut Diaphragma juglandis fructus and innovatively discovered a compound,defined as 3-hydroxy-4-iminobutyric acid(HIBA),which disrupts motor activity and enhances sleep duration by regulating the neurotransmitters(GABA,DA,etc.)within the brain and serum of mice.Subsequently,a metabolomics approach of the serum,basal ganglia,hypothalamus,and hippocampus as well as the gut microbiota was undertaken to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep promotion.Our data reveal that HIBA can regulate the metabolism of basal ganglia(sphingolipids,acylcarnitines,etc.),possibly in relation to HIBA's influence on the gut microbiome(Muribaculum,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,etc.).Therefore,we introduce a novel natural product,HIBA,and explicate the modulation of sleep promotion in mice based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.This study contributes fresh insights toward natural product-based sleep research.