75 GHz germanium waveguide photodetector with 64 Gbps data rates utilizing an inductive-gain-peaking technique

High-performance germanium(Ge)waveguide photodetectors are designed and fabricated utilizing the inductivegain-peaking technique.With the appropriate integrated inductors,the 3-dB bandwidth of photodetectors is significantly improved owing to the inductive-gain-peaking effect without any compromises to the dark current and optical responsivity.Measured 3-dB bandwidth up to 75 GHz is realized and clear open eye diagrams at 64 Gbps are observed.In this work,the relationship between the frequency response and large signal transmission characteristics on the integrated inductors of Ge waveguide photodetectors is investigated,which indicates the high-speed performance of photodetectors using the inductive-gainpeaking technique.

Analysis of current status of and barriers to exercise participation among patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Objective:The objective of this study was to analyze the current status of barriers to exercise participation(EP)among patients on maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 outpatients undergoing MHD in 2 tertiary first-class hospitals in Beijing from February 2023 to June 2023 who were selected using convenience sampling method.The data of patients on MHD were collected using the general information questionnaire,Physical Activity Rating Scale,Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale(EBBS),and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale(ESES).The relationship between EP and barriers to EP was analyzed through univariate and multivariate linear regression models.Results:Patients on MHD had a low exercise volume score of 13.71±0.68 points and a medium EBBS score of 63.36±0.40 points.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that exercise volume was significantly related to the following four aspects,including low monthly household income per capita(odds ratio[OR]=86.741,95%confidence interval[CI][1.164-6.465],P=0.042),primary underlying disease of diabetic nephropathy(OR=45.993,95%CI[1.353-1.564],P=0.033),the belief that“fatigue in lower extremities hinders exercise”(OR=4.697,95%CI[1.127-19.585],P=0.034),and the belief that“physical exercise bringing optimistic and positive life attitude”(OR=0.074,95%CI[0.007-0.830],P=0.035).Conclusions:Since patients on MHD had low physical exercise volume,the health-care provider should pay more attention on the controllable factors that affect the EP of patients on MHD.Therefore,feasible and effective intervention measures can be formulated based on ESES in clinical nursing.

High performance silicon-based GeSn p–i–n photodetectors for short-wave infrared application

An investigation of germanium-tin(GeSn) on silicon p–i–n photodetectors with a high-quality Ge0.94 Sn0.06 absorbing layer is reported. The Ge Sn photodetector reached a responsivity as high as 0.45 A/W at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 0.12 A/W at the wavelength of 2 μm. A cycle annealing technology was applied to improve the quality of the epitaxial layer during the growth process by molecular beam epitaxy. A low dark-current density under 1 V reverse bias about 0.078 A/cm2 was achieved at room temperature. Furthermore, the Ge Sn photodetector could detect a wide spectrum region and the cutoff wavelength reached to about 2.3 μm. This work has great importance in silicon-based short-wave infrared detection.

肺癌靶向治疗和免疫治疗药物临床试验现场核查关注点探讨

肺癌靶向治疗和免疫治疗药物是当前抗肿瘤新药研发的热点,临床试验逐年增加。本文在梳理2019年-2021年药品注册临床试验现场核查情况的基础上,结合肺癌靶向治疗和免疫治疗药物特点,探讨此类药物的临床试验现场核查关注点,对肺癌临床试验的规范实施提出建议。

This work was supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant(ETAP-742985 to H.T.and J.F.)and by the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant 110-2636-B-005-001 to K.-J.L.).

Plant root-nodule symbiosis(RNS)with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms,the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade(NFNC),and is best understood in the legume family.Nodulating species share many commonalities,explained either by divergence from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago or by convergence following independent origins over that same time period.Regardless,comparative analyses of diverse nodulation syndromes can provide insights into constraints on nodulation—what must be acquired or cannot be lost for a functional symbiosis—and the latitude for Plant Communications Genomic landscape of nodulation variation in the symbiosis.However,much remains to be learned about nodulation,especially outside of legumes.Here,we employed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis across 88 species,complemented by 151 RNA-seq libraries,to elucidate the evolution of RNS.Our phylogenomic analyses further emphasize the uniqueness of the transcription factor NIN as a master regulator of nodulation and identify key muta-tions that affect its function across the NFNC.Comparative transcriptomic assessment revealed nodule-specific upregulated genes across diverse nodulating plants,while also identifying nodule-specific and nitrogen-response genes.Approximately 70%of symbiosis-related genes are highly conserved in the four representative species,whereas defense-related and host-range restriction genes tend to be lineage specific.Our study also identified over 900000 conserved non-coding elements(CNEs),over 300000 of which are unique to sampled NFNC species.NFNC-specific CNEs are enriched with the active H3K9ac mark and are correlated with accessible chromatin regions,thus representing a pool of candidate regula-tory elements for genes involved in RNS.Collectively,our results provide novel insights into the evolution of nodulation and lay a foundation for engineering of RNS traits in agriculturally important crops.

Emergence of a novel reassortant avian influenza virus(H10N3) in Eastern China with high pathogenicity and respiratory droplet transmissibility to mammals

Decades have passed since the first discovery of H10-subtype avian influenza virus(AIV) in chickens in 1949,and it has been detected in many species including mammals such as minks,pigs,seals and humans.Cases of human infections with H10N8viruses identified in China in 2013 have raised widespread attention.Two novel reassortant H10N3 viruses were isolated from chickens in December 2019 in eastern China during routine surveillance for AIVs.The internal genes of these viruses were derived from genotype S(G57) H9N2 and were consistent with H5N6,H7N9 and H10N8,which cause fatal infections in humans.Their viral pathogenicity and transmissibility were further studied in different animal models.The two H10N3 isolates had low pathogenicity in chickens and were transmitted between chickens via direct contact.These viruses were highly pathogenic in mice and could be transmitted between guinea pigs via direct contact and respiratory droplets.More importantly,these viruses can bind to both human-type SAα-2,6-Gal receptors and avian-type SAα-2,3-Gal receptors.Asymptomatic shedding in chickens and good adaptability to mammals of these H10N3 isolates would make it easier to transmit to humans and pose a threat to public health.

30 GHz GeSn photodetector on SOI substrate for 2 µm wavelength application

We report the demonstration of a normal-incidence p-i-n germanium-tin(Ge_(0.951)Sn_(0.049))photodetector on silicon-on-insulator substrate for 2μm wavelength application.The DC and RF characteristics of the devices have been characterized.A dark current density under−1 V bias of approximately 125 mA/cm^(2) is achieved at room temperature,and the optical responsivity of 14 mA/W is realized for illumination wavelength of 2μm under−1 V reverse bias.In addition,a 3 dB bandwidth(f_(3dB))of around 30 GHz is achieved at−3 V,which is the highest reported value among all group III–V and group IV photodetectors working in the 2μm wavelength range.This work illustrates that a GeSn photodetector has great prospects in 2μm wavelength optical communication.

25 × 50 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing silicon photonics receiver chip based on a silicon nanowire-arrayed waveguide grating

A high-performance monolithic integrated wavelength division multiplexing silicon(Si) photonics receiver chip is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The receiver chip has a 25-channel Si nanowire-arrayed waveguide grating, and each channel is integrated with a high-speed waveguide Ge-on-Si photodetector. The central wavelength, optical insertion loss, and cross talk of the array waveguide grating are 1550.6 nm, 5–8 dB, and-12 –-15 dB, respectively. The photodetectors show low dark current density of 16.9 mA∕cm^2 at-1 V and a high responsivity of 0.82 A/W at 1550 nm. High bandwidths of 23 and 29 GHz are achieved at 0 and-1 V, respectively. Each channel can operate at 50 Gbps with low input optical power even under zero bias,which realizes an aggregate data rate of 1.25 Tbps.

56 Gbps high-speed Ge electro-absorption modulator

A high-speed evanescent-coupled Ge waveguide electro-absorption modulator(EAM)with simple fabrication processes was realized on a silicon-on-insulator platform with a 220 nm top Si layer.Selectively grown Ge with a triangle shape was directly used for Ge waveguides of the EAM.An asymmetric p-i-n junction was designed in the Ge waveguide to provide a strong electric field for Franz-Keldysh effect.The insertion loss of the Ge EAM was 6.2 dB at 1610 nm.The EAM showed the high electro-optic bandwidth of 36 GHz at-1 V.Clear open 56 Gbps eye diagrams were observed at 1610 nm with a dynamic extinction ratio of 2.7 dB and dynamic power consumption of 45 fJ/bit for voltage swing of 3Vpp.

Citric acid-assisted synthesis of nano-Ag/BiO Br with enhanced photocatalytic activity

In this study, silver nano-particles have been anchored in the surface of Bi OBr photocatalysts by a citric acid-assisted photoreduction method. The citric acid was served as a chelating and reductive agent for the preparation of Ag-decorated Bi OBr photocatalysts(named as Ag/Bi OBr-2). The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy(DRS). The Ag/Bi OBr-2 photocatalyst exhibited excellent and stable photocatalytic activities on MO and phenol degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the smaller size, rough surface, and the surface plasma resonance(SPR) effect of Ag. Also, the Schottky junction, between the surface of the Bi OBr and silver nanoparticles, accelerated the efficient transfer and separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and promoted the photocatalytic performance. The active species tests indicated that the superoxide radical(·O-2) was responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/Bi OBr-2. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

Altered brain activity in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with a monotherapy:a resting-state fMRI study

Background:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy(JME)is the most common syndrome of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.Although resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)studies have found thalamocortical circuit dysfunction in patients with JME,the pathophysiological mechanism of JME remains unclear.In this study,we used three complementary parameters of rs-fMRI to investigate aberrant brain activity in JME patients in comparison to that of healthy controls.Methods:Rs-fMRI and clinical data were acquired from 49 patients with JME undergoing monotherapy and 44 ageand sex-matched healthy controls.After fMRI data preprocessing,the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and degree centrality(DC)were calculated and compared between the two groups.Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between local brain abnormalities and clinical features in JME patients.Results:Compared with the controls,the JME patients exhibited significantly decreased fALFF,ReHo and DC in the cerebellum,inferior parietal lobe,and visual cortex(including the fusiform and the lingual and middle occipital gyri),and increased DC in the right orbitofrontal cortex.In the JME patients,there were no regions with reduced ReHo compared to the controls.No significant correlation was observed between regional abnormalities of fALFF,ReHo or DC,and clinical features.Conclusions:We demonstrated a wide range of abnormal functional activity in the brains of patients with JME,including the prefrontal cortex,visual cortex,default mode network,and cerebellum.The results suggest dysfunctions of the cerebello-cerebral circuits,which provide a clue on the potential pathogenesis of JME.

Study design of deep learning based automatic detection of cerebrovascular diseases on medical imaging: a position paper from Chinese Association of Radiologists

In recent years,with the development of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning technology,researches on automatic detection of cerebrovascular diseases on medical images have made tremendous progress and these models are gradually entering into clinical practice.However,because of the complexity and flexibility of the deep learning algorithms,these researches have great variability on model building,validation process,performance description and results interpretation.The lack of a reliable,consistent,standardized design protocol has,to a certain extent,affected the progress of clinical translation and technology development of computer aided detection systems.After reviewing a large number of literatures and extensive discussion with domestic experts,this position paper put forward recommendations of standardized design on the key steps of deep learning-based automatic image detection models for cerebrovascular diseases.With further research and application expansion,this position paper would continue to be updated and gradually extended to evaluate the generalizability and clinical application efficacy of such tools.