Improved Reduced Latency Soft-Cancellation Algorithm for Polar Decoding

Soft-cancellation(SCAN) is a soft output iterative algorithm widely used in polar decoding. This algorithm has better decoding performance than reduced latency soft-cancellation(RLSC) algorithm, which can effectively reduce the decoding delay of SCAN algorithm by 50% but has obvious performance loss. A modified reduced latency soft-cancellation(MRLSC) algorithm is presented in the paper. Compared with RLSC algorithm, LLR information storage required in MRLSC algorithm can be reduced by about 50%, and better decoding performance can be achieved with only a small increase in decoding delay. The simulation results show that MRLSC algorithm can achieve a maximum block error rate(BLER) performance gain of about 0.4 dB compared with RLSC algorithm when code length is 2048. At the same time, compared with the performance of several other algorithms under(1024, 512) polar codes, the results show that the throughput of proposed MRLSC algorithm has the advantage at the low and medium signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and better BLER performance at the high SNR.

Particle Sizes and Antibacterial Activity of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis Ultrafine Powders

Using 9200 laser particle size analyzer and KYKY-2800 scanning electron microscope, particle sizes and cellular morphology of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders were observed. According to the results, the particle size of 89. 1 % of Radix Astragalus ultrafine powders ranged from 1.729 [xm to 44.938 ｜xm, Z ）50 =4.368 ｜xm; the particle size of 93.411% of Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders ranged from 1.510 [xm to 44.938 ｜xm, Z ）50 = 8 .7 2 6 [xm. Radix As-tragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders were pulverized completely without intact cellular morphology. The antibacterial activity of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders against chicken-derived E. coli （078） was investigated. The results indicated that Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders exhibited higher antibacterial activity against chicken-derived E. coli （078 ） compared with the corresponding coarse powders. This study laid a solid foundation for the development and application of Chinese medicine ultrafine powder preparations.

PCR Detection of Pilus-associated Genes and Serotype Identification of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens in the Jidong Area

[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the presence of type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） and identify the serotype of pathogenic E. coli isolated from chickens in the Jidong Area. [ Method] Type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） were detected by PCR. The serotype was identified by con- ventional agglutination test. [ Result ] The results showed that 100% of chicken-derived E. coil strains expressed type I pill （fimC gene） ; 39.1% （9/23） of chick- en-derived E. coli strains expressed P pill （papC gene）. In addition, 23 isolates of chicken-derived E. coil were assigned to 14 O serotypes, including O78, O93, O 45, O101, O38, O88, O24, O1, O163, O53, O15, O87, O34 and O29, among which O78 was the dominant serotype that accounted for 42.8% （6/14） of the total strain number. [ Conclusion] Chicken-derived E. coli strains in the Jidong Area belonged to 14 serotypes, and 078 was the dominant serotype; 83.3% of 078 serotvDe E. coli strains expressed both tvDe I Dill and P Dill.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Virulence Factor Genes in Salmonella from Chicken

Salmonella is a common genus of seriously harmful food-borne zoonotic bacteria. Humans and animals may be infected with Salmonella through ingestion of SalmoneUa-contaminated eggs and poultry meat. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of Salmonella infections, it is crucial to explore the pathogenic mech- anism of Salmonella. invA and invE are major virulence factor genes that encode invasion proteins of Salmonella. In order to explore the pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella, phylogenetic analysis of major virulence factor genes in 33 Salmonella strains isolated from chicken was analyzed. According to the results, ivnA gene was successfully amplified from 33 Salmonella strains; ivnE gene was successfully amplified from 32 Salmonella strains, ivnA nucleotide sequences shared 72.9% - 97.6% homology among 12 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 78.9% - 97.2% homology with those in GenBank ; ivnE nucleotide sequences shared over 95.3% homology among 23 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 89.6% -98.6% homology with those in GenBank, which exhibited no genetic relationship to other organisms. This study provided the basis for rapid molecular detection, epidemiological research and molecular pathogenesis analysis of Salmonella.

Indocyanine green-/TLR7 agonist-constructed thermosensitive liposome for low-temperature PTT induced synergistic immunotherapy of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a lethal malignancy with a high mortality rate due to its low immunogenicity,the strong immunosuppressive milieu and poor drug permeability.To overcome these obstacles,a cascade synergistic nanosystem(denoted as R837/ICG@Lip)was developed via self-assembly of heater indocyanine green(ICG)and toll-like receptor-7 agonist imiquimod(R837)into thermosensitive liposome for simultaneous induction of immunogenic cell death(ICD)and reversing of suppressive tumor microenvironment.The obtained nanoparticles exhibited NIR-triggered drug release,good photothermal conversion efficiency and phototoxicity towards CT26 colorectal cancer cells.In vivo results reveal that the R837/ICG@Lip could be effectively accumulated in CT26 subcutaneous tumors and the draining lymph nodes.More importantly,R837/ICG@Lip-mediated low-temperature photothermal therapy triggers ICD,promotes the maturation of host dendritic cells(DCs),and subsequently amplifies adaptive antitumor T-cell responses,resulting in‘Cold to Hot'transition.Besides directly affecting immune cells,the secretion of some immune-related cytokines further indirectly boosted anti-cancer immunity.After combining with the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibitor,the systemic antitumor immune response was further augmented,achieving best tumor inhibition effects.Thus,low-temperature mediated photoimmunotherapy targeting multiple antitumor immune pathways boost synergistic antitumor immunity of tolerance tumors.

Targeted combination therapy for glioblastoma by co-delivery of doxorubicin,YAP-siRNA and gold nanorods

The combination of brain targeting drug delivery systems and multi-modal intervention pose a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma therapy.In this study,we developed an angiopep-2 peptide modified cationic liposome loaded with doxorubicin,YAP-siRNA and gold nanorods(D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au)simultaneously,which has high encapsulating efficiency for doxorubicin(95.4%)and effective binding of siRNA at N/P ratio of 20:1.The fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analysis revealed high cellular uptake of D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis indicated that D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au could effectively inhibit the expression of YAP protein.In vitro and in vivo studies showed that D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au had the ability to target glioblastoma cells,and achieved better anti-proliferative effects compared with non-targeted D/R@Lip+Au.Moreover,in vivo experiment demonstrated that D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au was able to cross the blood-brain barrier,and combination therapy could significantly inhibit tumor growth.Therefore,the multifunctional D/R@Ang2-Lip+Au might provide a novel approach for effectively delivery of DOX,YAP-siRNA and AuNRs into the glioblastoma cells simultaneously and exerting synergistic therapeutic effects.