Pressure-Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation during General Anesthesia for Open Abdominal Surgery Improves Postoperative Pulmonary Function

Background: Studies have shown that pressure-controlled ventilation improves alveolar gas distribution. And inverse ratio ventilation has advantages of improving oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, the effects that pressure-controlled inverse ration ventilation in patients undergoes endotracheal intubation general anesthesia have not been assessed. Objective: To investigate whether pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PIV) would improve ventilatory and oxygenation parameters as well as lung function compared to conventional ventilation in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Interventions: In the conventional ventilation (CV) group, the ventilation strategy involved zero end-expiratory pressure and volume-controlled ventilation. In the pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PIV) group, the strategy involved P high starting at 7 cm H2O, P low starting at 4 cm H2O, T high at 4 s, T low at 2 s, and an inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio of 2:1. The ΔP value was adjusted according to VT. Pressure levels were increased by 2 cm H2O until a maximal VT was observed. Inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) was 1.0 and tidal volume (VT) was 6 mL/kg in both groups. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome is pulmonary function tests. Hemodynamic, ventilatory and oxygenation parameters were measured;visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and nausea and vomiting scores were also measured. Results: The PIV group tolerated pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation without significant hemodynamic instability. Mean airway pressure and static compliance were significantly higher in the PIV group than those in CV group (P P 2 h was well tolerated and improved respiratory compliance and lung function on the first postoperative day.

Optical Properties and Source Analysis of Aerosols over a Desert Area in Dunhuang,Northwest China

Aerosol observational data for 2012 obtained from Dunhuang Station of CARE-China（Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China） were analyzed to achieve in-depth knowledge of aerosol optical properties over Dunhuang region. The results showed that the annual average aerosol optical depth（AOD） at 500 nm was 0.32 ± 0.06, and the ？ngstr？m exponent（α） was 0.73 ± 0.27. Aerosol optical properties revealed significant seasonal characteristics. Frequent sandstorms in MAM（March–April–May） resulted in the seasonal maximum AOD, 0.41 ± 0.04, and a relatively smaller αvalue, 0.44 ± 0.04. The tourism seasons, JJA（June–July–August） and SON（September–October–November） coincide with serious emissions of small anthropogenic aerosols. While in DJF（December–January–February）, the composition of the atmosphere was a mixture of dust particles and polluted aerosols released by domestic heating; the average AOD and αwere 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.66 ± 0.17, respectively. Different air masses exhibited different degrees of influence on the aerosol concentration over Dunhuang in different seasons. During MAM, ranges of AOD（0.11–1.18） and α（0.06–0.82） were the largest under the dust influence of northwest-short-distance air mass in the four trajectories. Urban aerosols transported by northwest-short-distance air mass accounted for a very large proportion in JJA and the mixed aerosols observed in SON were mainly conveyed by air masses from the west. In DJF, the similar ranges of AOD and α under the three air mass demonstrated the analogous diffusion effects on regional pollutants over Dunhuang.

Countermeasures and Recommendations for High Quality Development of Tan Sheep Industry in Ningxia

Tan sheep industry is a characteristic and superior agricultural industry in Ningxia,and it is also an enriching industry that helps in poverty alleviation and increases farmers’income.The local government has been committing to building the"Yanchi Tan Sheep"brand and has made remarkable achievements.In order to explore the resource efficiency and quality of Tan sheep industry,the current situations and advantages of brand development,this paper made an empirical research through field investigations.The research was mainly concentrated on breeding scale,industrial integration,brand building,breeding benefits,and policy support.After a comprehensive evaluation,it came up with the recommendation that the Tan sheep industry should take the high-quality,high-end and green development road.

Antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract of turmeric against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus)

Intensive aquaculture-induced oxidative stress is detrimental to fish health and yield.Medicinal plants show promise as natural health boosters and antioxidants in the aquaculture industry.Therefore,this work investigated the effects of turmeric aqueous extract(TAE)on the growth performance,antioxidant status,and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus).Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0(Con),2(TAE2),or 4(TAE4)g/kg TAE for eight weeks,then were injected with H2O2.The results showed that dietary supplementation of TAE did not affect fish growth,feed utilization,or body composition.TAE treatment increased liver antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased liver malondialdehyde content and serum levels of glutamate oxalate transaminase,glutamate pyruvate transaminase,and lactate dehydrogenase.Furthermore,the increases in mortality,liver malondialdehyde content,and serum biomarkers of liver injury in the H2O2-treated fish were inhibited as a consequence of the TAE treatment.In addition,TAE treatment activated the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in the liver,supported by the up-regulated expression of nrf2,ho-1,and gclc,and down-regulated keap1 expression.Overall,dietary incorporation of TAE protected against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in spotted seabass probably by enhancing antioxidant capacity through the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

A novel long-term intravenous combined with local treatment with human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells for a multidisciplinary rescued uremic calciphylaxis patient and the underlying mechanism

Calciphylaxis is a rare disease characterized histologically by microvessel calcification and microthrombosis,with high mortality and no proven therapy.Here,we reported a severe uremic calciphylaxis patient with progressive skin ischemia,large areas of painful malodorous ulcers,and mummified legs.Because of the worsening symptoms and signs refractory to conventional therapies,treatment with human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hAMSCs)was approved.Preclinical release inspections of hAMSCs,efficacy,and safety assessment,including cytokine secretory ability,immunocompetence,tumorigenicity,and genetics analysis in vitro,were introduced.We further performed acute and long-term hAMSC toxicity evaluations in C57BL/6 mice and rats,abnormal immune response tests in C57BL/6 mice,and tumorigenicity tests in neonatal Balbc-nu nude mice.After the preclinical research,the patient was treated with hAMSCs by intravenous and local intramuscular injection and external supernatant application to the ulcers.When followed up to 15 months,the blood-based markers of bone and mineral metabolism improved,with skin soft tissue regeneration and a more favorable profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Skin biopsy after 1-month treatment showed vascular regeneration with mature noncalcified vessels within the dermis,and 20 months later,the re-epithelialization restored the integrity of the damaged site.No infusion or local treatment-related adverse events occurred.Thus,this novel long-term intravenous combined with local treatment with hAMSCs warrants further investigation as a potential regenerative treatment for uremic calciphylaxis due to effects of inhibiting vascular calcification,stimulating angiogenesis and myogenesis,anti-inflammatory and immune modulation,multidifferentiation,re-epithelialization,and restoration of integrity.