Inheritance Tendency of Storage Root Quality Traits in F_1 Hybrids of ‘Xushu 25'and ‘Xu 22-5'

＇ Xushu 25＇ , ＇ Xu 22-5＇ and their reciprocal F1 hybrids were used as experimental materials to analyze the inheritance tendency of storage root quality traits of sweetpotato. The results showed that most of the storage root traits in F~ hybrids of ＇ Xushu 25 ＇ and ＇ Xu 22-5 ＇ were quantitative traits controlled by multi- pie genes. The carotenoid content in fresh storage roots of F1 hybrids was lower than that of parents, with the average genetic transmitting ability and average coeffi- cient of variation at 51.17% and 103.21%, respectively. The starch content in fresh storage roots reached mid-parent level, with the average genetic transmitting ability at 96.66%. The reducing sugar content in fresh storage roots of F, hybrids tended to be polarized; to be specific, most of the Ft hybrids exhibited higher re- ducing sugar content than their parents with high reducing sugar content or exhibited lower reducing sugar content than their parents with low reducing sugar content, but F~ hybrids with reducing sugar content ranging between that of their parents accounted for a small proportion. The soluble sugar content in fresh storage roots reached mid-parent level and tended to be lower than parents, with the average genetic transmitting ability and average coefficient of variation at 82.25% and 21.93%, respectively. The crude protein content in fresh storage roots of FI hybrids exceeded mid-parent level and tended to increase; positive-crossing and negative-crossing progenies exhibiting higher crude protein content than their parents with high crude protein content accounted for 15.53% and 16. 28%, respectively.

Status Quo and Problems of Fishery Cooperatives in Jilin Province and Countermeasures

Development of special fishery cooperatives promotes the organization degree of fishermen,and provides technical services,market information for fishermen,and contributes to the organization of production and marketing. On the basis of investigating development of specialized fishery cooperatives in Jilin,it was proposed that local fishery cooperatives remained at the primary development stage,and were still limited by such problems as low organizational degree,low personnel quality,poor management level,and ossified thinking of members. In view of these problems,suggestions were given to facilitate the sustainable and healthy development of specialized fishery cooperatives,such as deepening the understanding of members,enhancing the propaganda; devoting more to fishermen training,and enhancing their awareness of cooperation; enhancing the implementation of Law on Specialized Farmer Cooperatives; providing more policy support for the development of fishery cooperatives.

Effects of Biological Flocs on Growth Performance of Cyprinus carpio var.Furui No.2 and Aquaculture Water Quality

[Objectives]To study the effects of biological flocs on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var.Furui No.2 and aquaculture water quality.[Methods]The comparative experiment method was adopted.An experimental group and a control group were set up,with 3 replicates in each group.The experimental group used beet molasses as the carbon source which was added once a week.The breed,quantity,and specifications of stocked fish in each group were exactly the same.The experiment lasted for 60 d.Fish growth indicators were measured every 7 d.After one week of the experiment,ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were monitored once a week,and dissolved oxygen was monitored once a day.[Results]The survival rate of fish,the average weight of,the weight gain rate,and the specific growth rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion rate was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).One week after adding the carbon source in the experimental group,the ammonia nitrogen was lower than the control group,and after three weeks it was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05);after adding the carbon source,the nitrite in the experimental group was lower than the control group,there was no significant difference in the first three weeks(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference after three weeks(P<0.05).The feed conversion rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Adding a carbon source can significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances in the aquaculture water,promote the growth of aquaculture fish and increase the feed utilization rate.

MXenes and MXene-based composites for energy conversion and storage applications

MXenes have received extensive attention from scholars due to their unique layered structure,significant electrical conductivity,and excellent mechanical properties.In addition to their pristine forms,they could also be incorporated with other components for attaining hybrids and nanocomposites,accompanying with amplified functionalities.It has been widely used in lithium batteries,supercapacitors,electromagnetic shielding,tumor therapy,biosensors,photocatalysis,and other fields,and has shown great application potential in energy conversion and storage.The purpose of this article is to encyclopaedically overview the latest progress in synthesis and characterization of MXenes,while their potential applications in energy conversation such as water splitting and solar cells,as well as in energy storage such as Li-ion batteries,supercapacitors,and hydrogen energy will be comprehensively elaborated.Development opportunities and challenges are summarized.

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of a New Table Use Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato Cultivar,Xuzishu 2

Xuzishu 2 is a new high-quality table use purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar bred from hybrid progenies of AIS35-2 x Xushu 22-5 by Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center. In the sweetpotato variety regional trial of Jiangsu Province during 2007 - 2008, average fresh storage root yield was 30 185.3 kg/hm2 ; average dry matter content was 29.26% ; average dry storage root yield was 8 868.7 kg/hm2. In the sweetpotato variety production test of Jiangsu Province, average fresh storage root yield was 30 683.9 kg/hm2 ; average dry storage root yield was 9 399.0 kg/hm2. Multi-location sampling analysis in the regional trial indicated that the anthocyanin content in fresh storage roots was 104.6 μg. Xuzishu 2 was approved by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Jiangsu Province in March 2010, which exhibited high fresh storage root yield, sweet taste, high anthocyanin contem, good commodity, root rot resistance, and was tolerant to moisture and easy to store. Therefore, Xuzishu 2 is a high-quality purple-fleshed sweetpotato variety suitable for consumption and food processing, which should be cultivated in medium- and high-fertility fields with management procedures of suitable high density, early planting and early harvest.

Construction of Water-saving Ecological Aquaculture Model in Ponds in North China

[Objectives]To explore the ecological aquaculture model in ponds in North China,several single techniques were assembled into the same culture system.[Methods]Three ponds were selected,the species and stocking rate were exactly the same,the water was not changed during the culture period,and the water loss due to evaporation and leakage was recovered.Since the middle of May,the hydrochemical indicators such as ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,water temperature,dissolved oxygen and pH were monitored every 10 d.According to the monitoring results of ammonia nitrogen,carbon sources were added to the culture ponds to adjust the ratio of C to N,and carbon sources were added 9 times during the culture period.The stocking rate and yield per unit area were accurately measured at the beginning and end of the experiment,and no less than 30 fishes were randomly sampled to calculate the relevant growth indicators and feed coefficients.[Results]Except that the nonionic ammonia in pond 3#exceeded the standard by 10.3%on July 25,all other hydrochemical indicators met the Fisheries Water Quality Standard,and there was no significant difference in all hydrochemical indicators at the same time(P>0.05).The survival rate in 3 ponds was more than 95.0%,the average body weight of individuals out of the pond had no difference(P>0.05),and the feed coefficient was 1.41-1.43.There was no disease during the culture period,and the water was saved by 46.6%compared with the traditional culture model.[Conclusions]This study can provide a basis for the construction of a new model suitable for ecological aquaculture in ponds in North China.

Preparation of MXene-based hybrids and their application in neuromorphic devices

The traditional von Neumann computing architecture has relatively-low information processing speed and high power consumption,making it difficult to meet the computing needs of artificial intelligence(AI).Neuromorphic computing systems,with massively parallel computing capability and low power consumption,have been considered as an ideal option for data storage and AI computing in the future.Memristor,as the fourth basic electronic component besides resistance,capacitance and inductance,is one of the most competitive candidates for neuromorphic computing systems benefiting from the simple structure,continuously adjustable conductivity state,ultra-low power consumption,high switching speed and compatibility with existing CMOS technology.The memristors with applying MXene-based hybrids have attracted significant attention in recent years.Here,we introduce the latest progress in the synthesis of MXene-based hybrids and summarize their potential applications in memristor devices and neuromorphological intelligence.We explore the development trend of memristors constructed by combining MXenes with other functional materials and emphatically discuss the potential mechanism of MXenes-based memristor devices.Finally,the future prospects and directions of MXene-based memristors are briefly described.

Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.

The upregulated intestinal folate transporters direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores.In this study,we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter(PCFT),which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats,mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles(FNP).Specifically,the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway,Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis,featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4%in the diabetic rats.Conversely,in cells with relatively low PCFT expression,the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP,and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes.Overall,we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway.This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.

Maternal high salt-diet increases offspring's blood pressure with dysfunction of NO/PKGI signaling pathway in heart tissue

Background:High salt-diets have become significant threats to human health,resulting in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are complicated,since the maternal cardiovascular system undergoes extensive physiological changes during pregnancy.High-salt diets during pregnancy can disturb the intrauterine environment and negatively affect fetal development.Therefore,we explored how high-salt diets during pregnancy could affect the offspring.Methods:Rats were divided into three groups and fed with low,normal,and high salt diets.The offspring were separated into three groups after weaning based on dietary salt concentration.The blood pressure and urine protein content of both dams and offspring were measured.To evaluate cardiac function,we used Masson staining and immunodetection to confirm the fibrosis status.Finally,we extracted protein from cardiac tissue to test the expression levels of the Nitric Oxide(NO)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase I(PKGI)pathway and the angiotensin receptor.Results:High-salt diets increased blood pressure,and offspring previously exposed to high-salt environments were predisposed to hypertension.High-salt diets were also found to induce cardiac fibrosis and exacerbate fibrosis in offspring and alter the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Under these conditions,the NO/PKGI pathway was activated in cardiac tissue and the type-1angiotensin II receptor(AT1R)was upregulated,though the type-2 angiotensin II receptor(AT2R)had the opposite effect.Conclusion:High-salt diets induce high blood pressure and increase predisposition to hypertension in offspring.They are accompanied by cardiac fibrosis,which could be caused by the activation of NO/PKGI and upregulation of AT1R.

Molybdenum phosphide(MoP) with dual active sites for the degradation of diclofenac in Fenton-like system

The leaching and non-recoverability of mental ions have always limited the practical application of Fenton-like processes. For the first time, we synthesized molybdenum phosphide (MoP) with dual active sites for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF) in the Fenton-like process. The DCF degradation rate constant (k) of MoP + H_(2)O_(2) process was calculated to be 0.13 min^(-1) within 40 min, indicating a highly efficient catalytic ability of MoP. In addition, this catalyst exhibits a stable structure and good activity, which could apply in a broad pH range, different ions solution and real wastewater condition. Accordingly, this efficient catalytic capability may be attributed to the presence of the metal sites Mo^(δ+) and the electron-rich sites P^(δ-) in MoP, which could induce the generation of hydroxyl radical (^(·)OH) and superoxide radical (^(·)O_(2)^(-)) through electron transfer, resulting in the effective removal of DCF. This study provides an idea for the optimization of Fenton-like technologies and environmental remediation.

Chinese ink-facilitated fabrication of paper-based composites as electrodes for supercapacitors

Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers(VGCNFs)in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling.The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper.It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs,while the glue reinforced the conduction network.Thus,the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance.With merely 2.5 mg·cm^(−2)VGCNFs,the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5Ω·sq^(−1).As a proof of concept,these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO_(2)to achieve higher electrochemical performances.The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm^(−2)VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm^(−2)at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(−2),which was retained by 86.4%after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles.Moreover,thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure,the MnO_(2)decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance.It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials.

Optical control of neuronal activities with photoswitchable nanovesicles

Precise modulation of neuronal activity by neuroactive molecules is essential for understanding brain circuits and behavior.However,tools for highly controllable molecular release are lacking.Here,we developed a photoswitchable nanovesicle with azobenzene-containing phosphatidylcholine(azo-PC),coined‘azosome’,for neuromodulation.Irradiation with 365 nm light triggers the trans-to-cis isomerization of azo-PC,resulting in a disordered lipid bilayer with decreased thickness and cargo release.Irradiation with 455 nm light induces reverse isomerization and switches the release off.Real-time fluorescence imaging shows controllable and repeatable cargo release within seconds(<3 s).Importantly,we demonstrate that SKF-81297,a dopamine D1-receptor agonist,can be repeatedly released from the azosome to activate cultures of primary striatal neurons.Azosome shows promise for precise optical control over the molecular release and can be a valuable tool for molecular neuroscience studies.

1,2,3-三氯丙烷降解机制与污染场地修复技术研究进展

1,2,3-三氯丙烷(1,2,3-trichloropropane,1,2,3-TCP)是一种人工合成的脂肪族氯代烃,在工、农业生产中得到广泛应用。1,2,3-TCP作为环氧氯丙烷工业生产的中间产物,可作为前体物质用于生产土壤熏蒸剂、有机溶剂等。因其环境持久性、迁移性和生态毒性,国内外机构逐渐开始关注该有机氯污染物的环境归趋、生态健康风险和环境管控。当前,1,2,3-TCP污染物的降解与场地修复仍然是研究热点,但是对于1,2,3-TCP降解转化机制尚缺乏深入研究与总结。鉴于此,文中在讨论1,2,3-TCP的来源、环境污染、生态效应及物理化学降解方法与技术等的基础上,进一步综述了1,2,3-TCP的微生物降解与修复机制(如好氧共代谢降解、厌氧降解等);重点讨论了地下水等厌氧环境中1,2,3-TCP的厌氧微生物降解转化途径与机制,并从热力学角度论证了厌氧条件下1,2,3-TCP作为电子受体被有机卤呼吸微生物利用并降解的可行性;最后,对1,2,3-TCP污染场地原位生物修复进行了总结并对未来研究发展方向进行了展望。

一株脱卤单胞菌属有机卤呼吸细菌的分离纯化与基础特征

【目的】分离鉴定新型有机卤呼吸细菌,拓展有机氯污染物降解菌种资源。【方法】在限制性培养基中,基于特定脱卤微生物的能量代谢特点以及对抗生素的抗性特征,应用绝迹稀释法从脱氯富集培养物中分离纯化新型有机卤呼吸细菌。通过添加酵母提取物和聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性等方法鉴定菌株纯度。通过考察细胞形态、16S rRNA系统发育树以及对有机氯化物的利用能力来描述此新型菌株的基本特征。【结果】菌株GP是一株来自脱卤单胞菌属(Dehalogenimonas)的新型有机卤呼吸细菌,可耐受1.0 g/L的氨苄青霉素和0.1 g/L的万古霉素,其细胞平面形态为直径0.4–0.8μm的不规则圆形。在乙酸作碳源、氢气作电子供体的条件下,菌株GP可利用1,1-二氯乙烯和一氯乙烯作为电子受体进行有机卤呼吸,脱氯终产物为无毒害的乙烯。16S rRNA系统发育分析表明,菌株GP与Dehalogenimonas formicexedens菌株NSZ-14有高达99.5%的同源性,但两菌株对有机氯化物底物的利用范围不同。【结论】从脱氯富集培养物中分离纯化出一株新型有机卤呼吸细菌,为深入研究脱卤单胞菌这一重要脱卤微生物的遗传学信息和生理生化性质提供了新材料。

Atrazine accumulation and toxic responses in maize Zea mays

Atrazine accumulation,oxidative stress,and defense response in maize seedlings exposed to extraneous atrazine were studied.Accumulation of atrazine in maize increased with increasing exposure concentration.The abscisic acid（ABA） content was positively correlated with the atrazine concentrations in maize roots and shoots（p 0.05）.Hydroxyl radical（.OH） in maize was determined in vivo with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.Its intensity was positively correlated with atrazine concentration in roots and shoots（p 0.05）,and higher level of.OH generated in roots than in shoots corresponded to the major accumulation of atrazine in roots.Superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in roots were up-regulated by atrazine exposure at 1 mg/L compared to the control and malondialdehyde content in roots was enhanced when atrazine exposure concentration reached 10 mg/L.These results suggested the exposure and accumulation of atrazine caused oxidative toxicity and antioxidant response in maize.

Fabricated temperature sensitive photocatalyst of PNIPAM@ZnO/C for controllable photocatalytic activity

PNIPAM@ZnO/C composite photocatalyst was prepared by cross-linking polymerization technology with N-isopropylacrylamide used as functional monomer, N,N＇-methylenebis （acrylamide） used as cross- linking agent, ammonium persulfate used as initiator, and 3-（trimethoxysilyl） propyl methacrylate used as surface modification reagent. The morphology, structure, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of as-prepared samples were characterized via the serial tests. The temperature-response performances of PNIPAM@ZnO/C were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline （TC） under different temperatures. The results show that the synthesized composite photocatalysts possess the excellent and switchable photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation activity of PNIPAM@ZnO/C is suppressed above the lower critical solution temperature （LCST）, and it is enhanced below the LCST.