Mori fructus aqueous extracts attenuates liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway

Background Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis secondary to liver fibrosis are serious liver diseases with no effective treatments.Mori fructus aqueous extracts(MFAEs)have served as successful treatments for many types of liver injury including fibrosis although the molecular mechanisms are unknown at present.Purpose To investigate the effect of MFAEs in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury and tried to decipher the underlying mechanism.Methods and results Mice were divided into 5 groups(n ps:contro=8)for acute(groups:control,0.3%CCl_(4),bifendate(BD),100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,7 d)and chronic(groul,10%CCl_(4),BD,100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,4 weeks)liver injury study.Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 10μL/g corn oil containing CCl_(4)expect the control group.HepG2 cells were used in vitro study.Eighteen communal components were identified by UPLC-LTQOrbitrap-MS.We utilized a mouse model for acute and chronic liver injury using CCl_(4)and MFAEs administration effectively blocked fibrosis and significantly inhibited inflammation in the liver.MFAEs activated the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2/heme oxygenase 1(Nrf2/HO-1)pathway and promoted the synthesis of the antioxidants glutathione(GSH),superoxidedismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)that resulted in reduced levels of CCl_(4)-induced oxidative stress molecules including reactive oxygen species.These extracts administered to mice also inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),thus reducing the occurrence of liver fibrosis.Both in vivo and in vitro tests indicated that the mechanism of MFAEs protection against liver fibrosis was linked to activation of Nrf2 signaling.These effects were blocked in vitro by the addition of a specific Nrf2 inhibitor.Conclusion MFAEs inhibited oxidative stress,ferroptosis and inflammation of the liver by activating Nrf2 signal pathway and provided a significant protective effect against CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis.

Rapid Screening of Recombinant Plasmids by Direct Colony Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was applied to rapid screening of positive plasmid clones. Insert-specific primer pairs were used in qPCR colony screening, and false positive colonies could easily be distinguished from true positive ones by comparing their Ct values. In addition, qPCR is particularly suitable when amplicon is small (<150 bp). This method is sensitive, simple and fast, obviates the need for gel electrophoresis, and is a cost-effective alternative to the traditional PCR approach.

Bilayer tellurene-metal interfaces

Tellurene, an emerging two-dimensional chain-like semiconductor, stands out for its high switch ratio, carrier mobility and excellent stability in air. Directly contacting the 2D semiconductor materials with metal electrodes is a feasible doping means to inject carriers. However, Schottky barrier often arises at the metal–semiconductors interface, impeding the transport of carriers. Herein, we investigate the interfacial properties of BL tellurene by contacting with various metals including graphene by using ab initio calculations and quantum transport simulations. Vertical Schottky barriers take place in Ag, Al, Au and Cu electrodes according to the maintenance of the noncontact tellurene layer band structure. Besides, a p-type vertical Schottky contact is formed due to the van der Waals interaction for graphene electrode. As for the lateral direction, p-type Schottky contacts take shape for bulk metal electrodes(hole Schottky barrier heights(SBHs) ranging from 0.19 to 0.35 eV). Strong Fermi level pinning takes place with a pinning factor of 0.02. Notably, a desirable p-type quasi-Ohmic contact is developed for graphene electrode with a hole SBH of 0.08 eV. Our work sheds light on the interfacial properties of BL tellurene based transistors and could guide the experimental selections on electrodes.

中国鳞翅目新物种2022年度报告

本文总结了2022年国内外学者发表的中国鳞翅目新分类单元的情况。经过统计,2022年共发表与中国鳞翅目物种相关的论文98篇,涉及新分类群238个,其中新属8个,新亚属1个,新种214个,新亚种15个;报道中国新记录属5个,中国新记录种76个(包括5个亚种),新组合28个;提出26个异名,4个物种降为亚种,5个亚种提升为种。229个新种(新亚种)隶属于鳞翅目的27科103属,其中127个新种隶属于小蛾类,86个新种隶属于大蛾类,蝶类有3个新种和13个新亚种。2022年发表的分布于云南省的鳞翅目新种和新记录种数仍然显著高于其他地区,分别占全国发表总数的24.02%和55.26%,我国南方新种和新记录种的数量仍显著高于北方。

Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide data from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR)

Background:The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis(PsA)have been reported in some Western countries,but data in China are very limited.This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts.Methods:Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis(CREPAR)(December 2018 to June 2021)were included.Data including demographics,clinical characteristics,disease activity measures,and treatment were collected at enrollment.Enthesitis was assessed by the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada(SPARCC),Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score(MASES),and Leeds enthesitis index(LEI)indices.A multivariable logistic model was used to identify factors related to enthesitis.We also compared our results with those of other cohorts.Results:In total,1074 PsA patients were included,308(28.7%)of whom had enthesitis.The average number of enthesitis was 3.3±2.8(range:1.0–18.0).More than half of the patients(165,53.6%)had one or two tender entheseal sites.Patients with enthesitis had an earlier age of onset for both psoriasis and arthritis,reported a higher proportion of PsA duration over 5 years,and had a higher percentage of axial involvement and greater disease activity.Multivariable logistic regression showed that axial involvement(odds ratio[OR]2.21,95%confidence interval[CI],1.59–3.08;P<0.001),psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.01–1.04;P=0.002),and disease activity score 28-C reactive protein(DAS28-CRP)(OR:1.25,95%CI:1.01–1.55;P=0.037)were associated with enthesitis.Compared with the results of other studies,Chinese patients with enthesitis had a younger age,lower body mass index(BMI),a higher rate of positive human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B27,more frequent dactylitis,and a higher proportion of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs’(csDMARDs)use.Conclusions:Enthesitis is a common condition among Chinese patients with PsA.It is important to evaluate entheses in both peripheral and axial sites.

联合小波变换和RSF模型的CT图像分割方法

为解决工业计算机层析成像(CT)图像的伪影和弱边缘问题,提出一种基于小波变换的图像区域可伸缩拟合能量最小化分割方法,实现图像边缘的精确定位,从而提高图像测量精度。首先,采用小波变换对图像进行预处理,降低金属伪影。然后,采用所提方法精确分割图像,提高感兴趣区域边缘的定位精度。实际数据测量结果表明,所提方法可有效降低图像弱边缘的影响,测量相对误差低于0.7%,相较Chan-Vese算法,测量精度提高了1.4倍,满足实际测量需求。

中国鳞翅目新物种2021年年度报告

本文总结了2021年国内外学者发表的中国鳞翅目新分类单元的情况。经过统计,2021年共发表与中国鳞翅目物种相关的论文104篇,专著1部,涉及新分类群230个,其中新属7个,新种215个,新亚种8个;发表中国新记录属9个、中国新记录种78个(包括2亚种)、新组合31个;提出4个种的异名,2个种被赋予新名。新种(亚种)隶属于34科。云南省发表的新物种数和新记录物种数明显高于其他地区,分别占全国发表总数的36.8%和39.7%。2021年我国南方新物种和新记录种发表数量仍然显著高于北方。

High-performance sub-10-nm monolayer black phosphorene tunneling transistors

Moore＇s law is approaching its physical limit. Tunneling field-effect transistors （TFETs） based on two-dimensional （2D） materials provide a possible scheme to extend Moore＇s law down to the sub-10-nm region owing to the electrostatic integrity and absence of dangling bonds in 2D materials. We report an ab initio quantum transport study on the device performance of monolayer （ML） black phosphorene （BP） TFETs in the sub-10-nm scale （6-10 nm）. Under the optimal schemes, the ML BP TFETs show excellent device performance along the armchair transport direction. The on-state current, delay time, and power dissipation of the optimal sub-10-nm ML BP TFETs significantly surpass the latest International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors （ITRS） requirements for high- performance devices. The subthreshold swings are 56-100 mV/dec, which are much lower than those of their Schottky barrier and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor counterparts.

Electrical contacts in monolayer blue phosphorene devices

Semiconducting monolayer （ML） blue phosphorene （BlueP） shares similar stability with ML black phosphorene （BP）, and it has recently been grown on an Au surface. Potential ML BlueP devices often require direct contact with metal to enable the injection of carriers. Using ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations, for the first time, we perform a systematic study of the interfacial properties of ML BlueP in contact with metals spanning a wide work function range in a field effect transistor （FET） configuration. ML BlueP has undergone metallization owing to strong interaction with five metals. There is a strong Fermi level pinning （FLP） in the ML BlueP FETs due to the metal-induced gap states （MIGS） with a pinning factor of 0.42. ML BlueP forms n-type Schottky contact with Sc, Ag, and Pt electrodes with electron Schottky barrier heights （SBHs） of 0.22, 0.22, and 0.80 eV, respectively, and p-type Schottky contact with Au and Pd electrodes with hole SBHs of 0.61 and 0.79 eV, respectively. The MIGS are eliminated by inserting graphene between ML BlueP and the metal electrode, accompanied by a transition from a strong FLP to a weak FLP. Our study not only provides insight into the ML BlueP-metal interfaces, but also helps in the design of ML BlueP devices.

Comparison of variability and change rate in tropospheric NO_(2) column obtained from satellite products across China during 1997–2015

Tropospheric NO_(2) column(TNC)products retrieved from five satellites including GOME/ERS-2(H,1997–2002),SCIAMACHY(S,2003–2011),OMI(O,2005–2015),GOME-2/METOP_A(A,2007–2013)and GOME-2/METOP_B(B,2013–2015)were compared in terms of their spatiotemporal variability and changes over China.The temporal series of H suggested an increasing trend of TNC from 1997 to 2002,those of S,O and A revealed further increasing trends until the highest level of TNC was reached in 2011,but decreasing trends were detected by those of O and B from 2011 to 2015.Seasonally,TNC was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer.Variability and changes from satellite TNC products are also analyzed in different regions of China.Spatially,it was the highest in North China and the lowest in Tibetan Plateau based on five datasets.Overall,TNCs from A,B and S were higher than that from O;and TNC from S was larger than that from A at the country level.The higher TNC the region has,the larger difference satellite products would show.However,different datasets reached a good agreement in the spatial pattern of trends in TNC with highly significant increasing trends detected in North China.

基于COI基因分析盘羊、塔什库尔干羊的遗传多样性和系统进化

[目的]从线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome c oxidase subumitⅠ,COI)基因水平探讨盘羊对家绵羊有无遗传贡献,了解盘羊和塔什库尔干羊遗传多样性和系统进化。[方法]采用粪便DNA提取法、PCR和测序方法对3只盘羊和68只塔什库尔干羊共71个样品的线粒体COI基因全序列进行分析。[结果]塔什库尔干羊单倍型多样度为0.890±0.001 1,核苷酸多样性为0.00421,表明塔什库尔干羊遗传多样性较为丰富;系统发育分析表明,塔什库尔干羊有4个母系起源,分别是A、B、C和E世系。[结论]欧洲摩弗伦羊对塔什库尔干羊世系B有遗传贡献,基于线粒体COI基因分析,尚未发现盘羊对塔什库尔干羊有遗传贡献的分子证据。

Interpretable learning of voltage for electrode design of multivalent metal-ion batteries

Deep learning(DL)has indeed emerged as a powerful tool for rapidly and accurately predicting materials properties from big data,such as the design of current commercial Li-ion batteries.However,its practical utility for multivalent metal-ion batteries(MIBs),the most promising future solution of large-scale energy storage,is limited due to scarce MIB data availability and poor DL model interpretability.Here,we develop an interpretable DL model as an effective and accurate method for learning electrode voltages of multivalent MIBs(divalent magnesium,calcium,zinc,and trivalent aluminum)at small dataset limits(150–500).Using the experimental results as validation,our model is much more accurate than machine-learning models,which usually are better than DL in the small dataset regime.Besides the high accuracy,our feature-engineering-free DL model is explainable,which automatically extracts the atom covalent radius as the most important feature for the voltage learning by visualizing vectors from the layers of the neural network.The presented model potentially accelerates the design and optimization of multivalent MIB materials with fewer data and less domain-knowledge restriction and is implemented into a publicly available online tool kit in http://batteries.2dmatpedia.org/for the battery community.

The Warming Climate Aggravates Atmospheric NitrogenPollution in Australia

Australia is a warm country with well-developed agriculture and a highly urbanized population.How these specific features impact the nitrogen cycle,emissions,and consequently affect environmental and human health is not well understood.Here,we find that the ratio of reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses to air over losses to water in Australia is 1.6 as compared to values less than 1.1 in the USA,the European Union,and China.Australian Nr emissions to air increased by more than 70%between 1961 and 2013,from 1.2 Tg N yr^(-1) to 2.1 Tg N yr^(-1).Previous emissions were substantially underestimated mainly due to neglecting the warming climate.The estimated health cost from atmospheric Nr emissions in Australia is 4.6 billion US dollars per year.Emissions of Nr to the environment are closely correlated with economic growth,and reduction of Nr losses to air is a priority for sustainable development in Australia.