A convective storm crossing Poyang Lake(PL)in China during 1200-1600 UTC on 13 May 2015 is examined.The results show that this storm occurs ahead of a 500-hPa trough with weak low-level temperature advection and a con...A convective storm crossing Poyang Lake(PL)in China during 1200-1600 UTC on 13 May 2015 is examined.The results show that this storm occurs ahead of a 500-hPa trough with weak low-level temperature advection and a convectively stable layer between 925 and 850 hPa,and the tail of the storm is enhanced when its spearhead sweeps over PL after the sunset.Due to the heating and moistening of PL,the convectively stable layer over PL is destabilized;and instead,a deep(below 700 hPa)convectively unstable layer is organized.Moreover,both the radiative cooling and the storm-induced cooling result in a rapid air(near-surface)and land temperature decrease in the surrounding areas.Thus,a large lake-land temperature difference(about 6℃)occurs,which is conducive to generating land-lake breeze and enhancing the convergence of the low-level wind.Finally,the PL-induced deep convectively unstable layer and the enhanced low-level convergence jointly strengthen the crossing storm.To further confirm this,two simulations(with or without PL)are conducted with the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The simulation with PL successfully reproduces the evolution of the storm crossing PL,while the simulation without PL fails.In the simulation with PL,a highμse tongue at 850 hPa associated with the storm moves eastward and downward,and merges with the PL-induced lake boundary layer,forming a deep convectively unstable layer under 700 hPa.However,in the simulation without PL,the stable layer constantly maintains under 900 hPa.In addition,the 900-hPa wind difference between the simulations with and without PL shows a land-lake breeze circulation that strengths the convergence of the low-level wind.展开更多
In a recent publication [1], these images in Figures 6(b, c)(^NPEG-NPCe6 group), S7, S9 and S10 were inadvertently taken the incorrect images in the production. The corrected versions are shown below. And, the quantif...In a recent publication [1], these images in Figures 6(b, c)(^NPEG-NPCe6 group), S7, S9 and S10 were inadvertently taken the incorrect images in the production. The corrected versions are shown below. And, the quantification of Ce6 fluorescence(as performed in Figure 6(c)) was also corrected(Figure S12).展开更多
Nanocarrier-mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted extensive attention due to its locoregional therapeutic effect,minimal toxicity to normal tissues,and activation of immune system capability.However,it is st...Nanocarrier-mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted extensive attention due to its locoregional therapeutic effect,minimal toxicity to normal tissues,and activation of immune system capability.However,it is still unclear how the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers affect their PDT therapeutic efficacies,which could be very different from those for chemotherapy.Herein,to demonstrate the effect of PEG density on PDT efficacy,we synthesized a series of random polyphosphoesters(PPEs)with different PEG contents by regulating the molar ratios of these monomers,and then these PPEs were used to prepare chlorin e6(Ce6)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles with tunable PEG density.Thereafter,the PDT efficacies of these nanoparticles were carefully and comprehensively evaluated.We demonstrate that the moderate PEG density(3.01 PEG/nm^2)of nanocarrier exhibited the best PDT therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer due to its efficient balance of prolonged circulation and tumor cellular uptake.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41865003,41575098,and 41765001)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(20171BBG70004)。
文摘A convective storm crossing Poyang Lake(PL)in China during 1200-1600 UTC on 13 May 2015 is examined.The results show that this storm occurs ahead of a 500-hPa trough with weak low-level temperature advection and a convectively stable layer between 925 and 850 hPa,and the tail of the storm is enhanced when its spearhead sweeps over PL after the sunset.Due to the heating and moistening of PL,the convectively stable layer over PL is destabilized;and instead,a deep(below 700 hPa)convectively unstable layer is organized.Moreover,both the radiative cooling and the storm-induced cooling result in a rapid air(near-surface)and land temperature decrease in the surrounding areas.Thus,a large lake-land temperature difference(about 6℃)occurs,which is conducive to generating land-lake breeze and enhancing the convergence of the low-level wind.Finally,the PL-induced deep convectively unstable layer and the enhanced low-level convergence jointly strengthen the crossing storm.To further confirm this,two simulations(with or without PL)are conducted with the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The simulation with PL successfully reproduces the evolution of the storm crossing PL,while the simulation without PL fails.In the simulation with PL,a highμse tongue at 850 hPa associated with the storm moves eastward and downward,and merges with the PL-induced lake boundary layer,forming a deep convectively unstable layer under 700 hPa.However,in the simulation without PL,the stable layer constantly maintains under 900 hPa.In addition,the 900-hPa wind difference between the simulations with and without PL shows a land-lake breeze circulation that strengths the convergence of the low-level wind.
文摘In a recent publication [1], these images in Figures 6(b, c)(^NPEG-NPCe6 group), S7, S9 and S10 were inadvertently taken the incorrect images in the production. The corrected versions are shown below. And, the quantification of Ce6 fluorescence(as performed in Figure 6(c)) was also corrected(Figure S12).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51822302, 51773067, 31870993)National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0205601)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province (2017B030306002)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Enterpreneurial Teams (2017ZT07S054)Outstanding Scholar Program of Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (2018GZR110102001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Nanocarrier-mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT)has attracted extensive attention due to its locoregional therapeutic effect,minimal toxicity to normal tissues,and activation of immune system capability.However,it is still unclear how the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers affect their PDT therapeutic efficacies,which could be very different from those for chemotherapy.Herein,to demonstrate the effect of PEG density on PDT efficacy,we synthesized a series of random polyphosphoesters(PPEs)with different PEG contents by regulating the molar ratios of these monomers,and then these PPEs were used to prepare chlorin e6(Ce6)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles with tunable PEG density.Thereafter,the PDT efficacies of these nanoparticles were carefully and comprehensively evaluated.We demonstrate that the moderate PEG density(3.01 PEG/nm^2)of nanocarrier exhibited the best PDT therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer due to its efficient balance of prolonged circulation and tumor cellular uptake.
