Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a whi...Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand.The brown strain of A.cornea is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in Asia.Since both white and brown phenotypes of A.cornea belong to a single species,we established their similarities or differences.Both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white A.cornea strain in the same clade with the brown A.cornea.Nutritional analysis showed that fat,fiber,protein,and total soluble sugar contents of the white A.cornea were significantly higher than the commercially used brown strain.The melanin content of the white strain of A.cornea(less than 1.5 mg/100g)was not significantly different from that of the brown strain.This discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia.展开更多
Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 c...Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible species,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain understudied.However,only around 30 species of WEF are grown commercially at a large-scale.WEF also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the planet.Either as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the globe.Over the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)annually.In 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 tonnes.Due to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery period.The main challenge of this period will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human wellbeing.Critical elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over millennia.This review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.展开更多
Vegetation,elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species richness.ECM sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribut...Vegetation,elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species richness.ECM sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribution of ECM mushrooms with Castonopsis echinocarpa,Parashorea chinensis,and Pittosporopsis kerrii with varying elevations and soil temperatures,in a tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China.For each tree species,60 trees of approximately the same size were selected,where half of them were growing at higher elevation levels and the rest at lower levels.The highest total counts of ECM fungi,as well as the highest species richness were produced by P.chinensis followed by C.echinocarpa and P.kerrii.Highest species richness was shown in September by P.chinensis,while P.kerrii trees had the lowest count of mushrooms across rainy seasons.Species of Boletales were recorded with highest species richness followed by species of order Agaricales around both C.echinocarpa and P.chinensis.ECM fungi count declined with increased elevation.Furthermore,fungi species richness increased positively with increased soil temperature in a tropical seasonal rainforest.展开更多
This review succinctly discusses data on morphology,systematics,ecology and biochemical properties of all the Entoloma species from Yunnan Province,China.We also propose directions for future research on Entoloma.Alto...This review succinctly discusses data on morphology,systematics,ecology and biochemical properties of all the Entoloma species from Yunnan Province,China.We also propose directions for future research on Entoloma.Altogether,8 species of Entoloma have been reported in the present study.Entoloma sinuatum and E.mengsongense showed the most contrasting variation in colour and size of the basidiomes while E.mengsongense and E.yunnanense were found to display wide variations in spore morphology.Most species are saprotrophic except E.caeruleoflavum and E.sinuatum which form mycorrhizal associations.Knowledge on biochemical and other chemical attributes of the genus are minimal although such details would help for better utilization of the genus.展开更多
Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This f...Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This fungus is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.Here,we report a specimen of P.conchatus collected from a temperate region in Yunnan Province,China.The specimen is described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Phylogenetic analyses were done based on the sequence data of ITS and LSU,and the placement of the taxon was confirmed.This is the first time P.conchatus has been reported with molecular phylogenetic data from China.Full description,illustrations,color photographs,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of P.conchatus are provided.展开更多
基金support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063,Y4ZK111B01Samantha C.Karunarathna would like to thank the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31750110478 for funding this work.K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Domestication and bioactive evaluation of Thai Hymenopellis,Oudemansiella,Xerula and Volvariella species(basidiomycetes)”Grant No.:DBG6180033funding this work.K.D.Hyde would also like to thank the Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)grant,Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas(Grant No.DBG6280009).
文摘Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries.In this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand.The brown strain of A.cornea is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in Asia.Since both white and brown phenotypes of A.cornea belong to a single species,we established their similarities or differences.Both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white A.cornea strain in the same clade with the brown A.cornea.Nutritional analysis showed that fat,fiber,protein,and total soluble sugar contents of the white A.cornea were significantly higher than the commercially used brown strain.The melanin content of the white strain of A.cornea(less than 1.5 mg/100g)was not significantly different from that of the brown strain.This discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia.
基金This study was funded by a grant(No.31861143002)of NSFC-CGIARThe first author would like to thank Dr.Faustino Hernández-Santiago and Dr.Magdalena Martínez-Reyes for his technical help to analyze the information presented in Figures 1,2 and 4 and to the Mexican Council of Science and Technology(CONACYT)PRONACES FOP07-2021-03 Project 316198+1 种基金Peter E Mortimer would like to thank the"High-End Foreign Experts"in the High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province,2021.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under the project code 31851110759.
文摘Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy food.The consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone Age.Current data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible species,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain understudied.However,only around 30 species of WEF are grown commercially at a large-scale.WEF also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the planet.Either as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the globe.Over the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)annually.In 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 tonnes.Due to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery period.The main challenge of this period will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human wellbeing.Critical elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over millennia.This review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.
基金supported by CGIAR-FTA Program and Key Research Program of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology(Grant No.2017YFC0505101)Samantha C.Karunarathna would like to thank the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under the project code 31851110759.
文摘Vegetation,elevation gradient and soil temperature are considered as major drivers of ECM fungi species richness.ECM sporocarps were collected during rainy seasons for two years to study the link between the distribution of ECM mushrooms with Castonopsis echinocarpa,Parashorea chinensis,and Pittosporopsis kerrii with varying elevations and soil temperatures,in a tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China.For each tree species,60 trees of approximately the same size were selected,where half of them were growing at higher elevation levels and the rest at lower levels.The highest total counts of ECM fungi,as well as the highest species richness were produced by P.chinensis followed by C.echinocarpa and P.kerrii.Highest species richness was shown in September by P.chinensis,while P.kerrii trees had the lowest count of mushrooms across rainy seasons.Species of Boletales were recorded with highest species richness followed by species of order Agaricales around both C.echinocarpa and P.chinensis.ECM fungi count declined with increased elevation.Furthermore,fungi species richness increased positively with increased soil temperature in a tropical seasonal rainforest.
基金Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.This study was funded by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology,under the 12th five-year National Key Technology Support Program(NKTSP)2013BAB07B06 for integration and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green Phosphate-Mountain Construction+3 种基金the CGIAR Research Program 6:Forest,Trees and AgroforestryThailand Research Fund grant-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and Biochemistry of Thai Basidiomycetes(BRG 5580009)the National Research Council of Thailand NRCT)projects-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and Cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(NRCT/55201020007)Mae Fah Luang University,project-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and Cultivation of Lentinus species in Northern Thailand(MFU/54101020048).
文摘This review succinctly discusses data on morphology,systematics,ecology and biochemical properties of all the Entoloma species from Yunnan Province,China.We also propose directions for future research on Entoloma.Altogether,8 species of Entoloma have been reported in the present study.Entoloma sinuatum and E.mengsongense showed the most contrasting variation in colour and size of the basidiomes while E.mengsongense and E.yunnanense were found to display wide variations in spore morphology.Most species are saprotrophic except E.caeruleoflavum and E.sinuatum which form mycorrhizal associations.Knowledge on biochemical and other chemical attributes of the genus are minimal although such details would help for better utilization of the genus.
基金support given by the Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan Province,Chinathe Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China for enabling our molecular phylogenetic work。
文摘Panus conchatus is a species of lentinoid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.This species is characterized by its concave,smooth,deeply decurrent gills,with distinctive purple grey to greyish magenta basidiocarps.This fungus is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.Here,we report a specimen of P.conchatus collected from a temperate region in Yunnan Province,China.The specimen is described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Phylogenetic analyses were done based on the sequence data of ITS and LSU,and the placement of the taxon was confirmed.This is the first time P.conchatus has been reported with molecular phylogenetic data from China.Full description,illustrations,color photographs,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of P.conchatus are provided.
