山东省东营市农田土壤PAHs污染特征及风险评估

以山东省东营市80个表层农田土样为研究对象,研究16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量、来源、空间分布特征及致癌、非致癌健康风险。结果表明,PAHs总质量浓度为4.25～119.94 mg·kg^(-1),平均值36.08 mg·kg^(-1),高于国内、京津冀地区和西欧暴露风险评价水平,表层土壤PAHs含量处于较高水平。克里金空间插值结果显示,PAHs空间分布呈"南高北低"分布特征,高污染区域主要集中于南部东营区和垦利区;特征比值法源解析揭示,石油开采、加工、输送、利用、泄露及化石燃料燃烧是东营市南部表层土壤PAHs主要来源;PAHs致癌风险水平在1.12×10^(-8)～1.33×10^(-5),整体处于潜在致癌风险和高致癌风险水平之间,其中苯并[a]芘(BaP)致癌风险最高,贡献率达80%以上。非致癌风险低于可接受非致癌危害指数,非致癌风险不明显。克里金空间插值结果表明,高致癌风险集中分布于利津县、广饶县、垦利区及东营区,建议加强该地区表层土壤有机污染防治。

黑龙江春玉米最佳施氮方式的研究

以"乐玉一号"玉米品种为试验材料,探究了不施氮处理(T1)、100%基施尿素处理(T2)、基追比1∶1施尿素处理(T3)、37.5%尿素+62.5%控释尿素配施处理(T4)、70%尿素+30%有机无机复混肥配施处理(T5)、37.5%尿素+30%有机无机复混肥+32.5%控释尿素配施处理(T6)对土壤各养分利用、玉米氮磷钾养分吸收、玉米产量及其构成因素以及氮肥利用率的影响,从而找出了黑龙江省春玉米最佳施氮方式。除T1处理外,T6处理土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量在成熟期均最低;除拔节期外,3个时期T6处理玉米叶片、茎秆的氮积累量及干物质量均最高;其产量为11 428kg/hm^2,增产率为24.82%,氮肥农学效率及氮肥偏生产力均最高。因此,黑龙江省春玉米生长所需的最佳施氮方式为37.5%尿素+30%有机无机复混肥+32.5%控释尿素配施。

Cultivation and Dissemination of Core Values in the New Media Age

The rapid development of information technology and the fierce conflict of multiple values lead information communication to present different characteristics in the new media era,which has brought both challenges and opportunities to the cultivation and dissemination of core values.With the development of new media,the environment for cultivating core values is becoming increasingly complex,and the main content of core values is being dispelled,thus weakening its function of leading and affecting its guiding role.At the same time,the development of new media can not only broaden the cultivation mode of core values and highlight the powerful force of core values,but also stimulate the people to highly identify with core values.At present,the new media has become the main tool and mainstream position for the dissemination of core values,so it is necessary to continuously innovate the communication mechanism of the core values,and enhance their pertinence and effectiveness communication,so that they can play a leading role in the whole society better.