Deep neural network based on multi-level wavelet and attention for structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is a popular and powerful super-resolution(SR)technique in biomedical research.However,the conventional reconstruction algorithm for SIM heavily relies on the accurate prior knowledge of illumination patterns and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of raw images.To obtain high-quality SR images,several raw images need to be captured under high fluorescence level,which further restricts SIM’s temporal resolution and its applications.Deep learning(DL)is a data-driven technology that has been used to expand the limits of optical microscopy.In this study,we propose a deep neural network based on multi-level wavelet and attention mechanism(MWAM)for SIM.Our results show that the MWAM network can extract high-frequency information contained in SIM raw images and accurately integrate it into the output image,resulting in superior SR images compared to those generated using wide-field images as input data.We also demonstrate that the number of SIM raw images can be reduced to three,with one image in each illumination orientation,to achieve the optimal tradeoff between temporal and spatial resolution.Furthermore,our MWAM network exhibits superior reconstruction ability on low-SNR images compared to conventional SIM algorithms.We have also analyzed the adaptability of this network on other biological samples and successfully applied the pretrained model to other SIM systems.

Effect of Daxx on cholesterol accumulation in hepatic cells

AIM:To study the effect of Daxx on cholesterol accumulation in hepatic cells. METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal or high fat diet for 6 wk, and serum lipids and Daxx expression of hepatic tissues were measured by immunoblot assays. HepG2 cells were transfected with the pEGFP-C1/Daxx or pEGFP-C1 plasmid. Cells stably transfected with Daxx were identified by RT- PCR analysis. Total cholesterol levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Activated- SREBP and caveolin-1 were assayed by western blotting. RESULTS: Hepatic Daxx protein was higher in normal rats than in high fat diet-fed rats. Noticeable negative correlations were seen between Daxx and LDL-C (γ = -7.56, P = 0.018), and between Daxx and TC (γ = -9.07, P = 0.01), respectively. The total cholesterol of HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells was lower than that of control cells or HepG2/GFP cells (9.28 ± 0.19 vs 14.36 ± 4.45 or 13.94 ± 2.62, both P < 0.05). Furthermore, in HepG2/GFP cells, the expression of activated SREBP was lower than that of control cells, whereas caveolin-1 expression was higher. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Daxx in HepG2 cells decreased intracellular cholesterol accumulation, which might be associated with inhibition of SREBP activity and an increase in caveolin-1 expression.

Fault Ride-Through Study of Wind Turbines

The installation of wind energy has increased rapidly around the world. The grid codes about the wind energy require wind turbine (WT) has the ability of fault (or low voltage) ride-through (FRT). To study the FRT operation of the wind farms, three methods were discussed. First, the rotor short current of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) was limited by introducing a rotor side protection circuit. Second, the voltage of DC bus was limited by a DC energy absorb circuit. Third, STATCOM was used to increase the low level voltages of the wind farm. Simulation under MATLAB was studied and the corresponding results were given and discussed. The methods proposed in this paper can limit the rotor short current and the DC voltage of the DFIG WT to some degree, but the voltage support to the power system during the fault largely depend on the installation place of STATCOM.

Progress on radiomics and radiogenomics and their applications in breast cancer:A survey

Radiomics is an emerging analytical approach in the medical field that extracts high-throughput quantitative features from multiple imaging data and builds models for cancer diagnosis,prog-nosis,and treatment by machine learning or deep learning.Radiomics allows radiologists to ob-tain a more complete picture of the tumor in a noninvasive way than by reading radiographs.Radiogenomics incorporates genomics on top of radiomics to analyze the potential relationship between imaging features and tumor genetic status,enabling biological profiling of the causes of tumor heterogeneity,and its development of biomarkers will be of great help for personal-ized treatment.Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide today,and this survey aims to summarize the progress on radiomics and radiogenomics,their applications in breast cancer,and discuss the issues that need to be addressed before radiomics and radio-genomics can be used in clinic.From the literature,it can be concluded that radiomics and ra-diogenomics have a high potential for differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions to as-sess breast cancer types and lymph node status,as well as to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response,risk of recurrence and survival outcomes,especially in the context of the rapid devel-opment of artificial intelligence technologies,promising early realization of precision medicine.

Single-step flash-heat synthesis of red phosphorus/ graphene flame-retardant composite as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Red phosphorus （RP） has attracted considerable attention as the anode for high-performance Na-ion batteries, owing to its low cost and high theoretical specific capacity of -2,600 mAh/g. In this study, a facile single-step flash-heat treatment was developed to achieve the reduction of graphene oxide （GO） and the simultaneous deposition of RP onto the reduced graphene oxide （rGO） sheets. The resulting RP/rGO composite was shown to be a promising candidate for overcoming the issues associated with the poor electronic conductivity and large volume variation of RP during cycling. The RP/rGO flexible film anode delivered an average capacity of 1,625 mAh/g during 200 cycles at a charge/ discharge current density of 1 A/g. Average charge capacities of 1,786, 1,597, 1,324, and 679 mAh/g at 1, 2, 4, and 6 A/g current densities were obtained in the rate capability tests. Moreover, owing to the RP component, the RP/rGO film presented superior flame retardancy compared to an rGO film. This work thus introduces a highly accessible synthesis method to prepare flexible and safe RP anodes with superior electrochemical performance toward Na-ion storage.

Harnessing sub-organelle metabolism for biosynthesis of isoprenoids in yeast

Current yeast metabolic engineering in isoprenoids production mainly focuses on rewiring of cytosolic metabolic pathway.However,the precursors,cofactors and the enzymes are distributed in various sub-cellular compartments,which may hamper isoprenoid biosynthesis.On the other side,pathway compartmentalization provides several advantages for improving metabolic flux toward target products.We here summarize the recent advances on harnessing sub-organelle for isoprenoids biosynthesis in yeast,and analyze the knowledge about the localization of enzymes,cofactors and metabolites for guiding the rewiring of the sub-organelle metabolism.This review may provide some insights for constructing efficient yeast cell factories for production of isoprenoids and even other natural products.

Threshold voltage tuning and printed complementary transistors and inverters based on thin films of carbon nanotubes and indium zinc oxide

碳 nanotubes CNT 为打印 macroelectronics 作为重要材料出现了。因为它仍然正在质问使可靠 n 类型成为 CNT 晶体管，然而，完全基于 CNT 完成打印互补 macroelectronics 是困难的。在这研究，我们报导阀值电压 V < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 互补晶体管和 inverters 调节并且打印的 th 分别地作为 p 类型和 n 类型晶体管 CNT 和铟锌氧化物 IZO 的薄电影创作了。我们优化了 V <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”>由作为来源/排水管电极比较 Ti/Au 和 Ti/Pd 的p类型晶体管的 th ，并且观察到有 Ti/Au 电极的 CNT 晶体管展出了改进模式操作 V <潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> th 我<潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”>在和改进模式操作 V 上<潜水艇class=“ a-plus-plus ”> th > 0 。例如，一在里面: 2:1 的 Zn 比率与 V 产出一只改进模式 n 类型晶体管 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > th 1 V 并且我 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 在 5.2 A 的 上。而且，由打印，一部 CNT 薄电影和 IZO 变瘦一样的底层上的电影，我们与 99.6% 供应电压和 16.9 的电压获得的一个产量秋千制作了互补 inverter。这个工作为互补晶体管和电路显示出 p 类型 CNT 和 n 类型 IZO 的混合集成的诺言。

Background-free three-dimensional selective imaging of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles

There is an increasing demand for advanced optical imaging techniques that can detect and resolve nanosize objects at a spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit, especially in three-dimensional （3D） cellular environments. In this study, using a polarization-activated localization scheme based on the orientation-dependent properties of anisotropic plasmonic metal nanoparticles （MNPs）, ＂photoswitchable＂ imaging of single gold nanorods （AuNRs） was accomplished not only in two dimensions but also in three dimensions. Moreover, the Rayleigh scattering background arising from the congested subcellular structures was efficiently suppressed. Thus, we obtained the 3D distributions of both the position and the orientation of the AuNRs inside the cells and investigated their intemalization kinetics. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the confocal-like 3D imaging of non-fluorescence nanoparticles with a high resolution and almost zero background. This technique is easy to implement and should greatly facilitate MNP studies and applications in biomedicine and biology.

On the non-local priors for sparsity selection in high-dimensional Gaussian DAG models

We consider sparsity selection for the Cholesky factor L of the inverse covariance matrix in high-dimensional Gaussian DAG models.The sparsity is induced over the space of L via non-local priors,namely the product moment(pMOM)prior[Johnson,V.,&Rossell,D.(2012).Bayesian model selection in high-dimensional settings.Journal of the American Statistical Asso-ciation,107(498),649-660.https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.682536]and the hierarchi-cal hyper-pMOM prior[Cao,X.,Khare,K.,&Ghosh,M.(2020).High-dimensional posterior consistency for hierarchical non-local priors in regression.Bayesian Analysis,15(1),241-262.https://doi.org/10.1214/19-BA1154].We establish model selection consistency for Cholesky fac-tor under more relaxed conditions compared to those in the literature and implement an efficient MCMC algorithm for parallel selecting the sparsity pattern for each column of L.We demonstrate the validity of our theoretical results via numerical simulations,and also use further simulations to demonstrate that our sparsity selection approach is competitive with existing methods.

Fast indirect measurement of PCDD/F TEQ emission from municipal solid waste incineration:a review

Landfilling,a traditional and major method for municipal solid waste management,is gradually being taken place by incin-eration.However,the contamination problem caused by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran(PCDD/F)emissions from incineration has also brought much concerns.Traditional offline method based on high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of PCDD/F emissions is expensive,infrequent and time-lagging.Use of PCDD/F indicators to achieve fast indirect measurements for PCDD/Fs is a much more promising method.Six categories of potential PCDD/F indicators are discussed in this paper:CO,total hydrocarbons,specific PCDD/F congeners,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes.Their performance as PCDD/F indicators are verified in the following criteria:(1)structural similarities;(2)known mechanistic arguments;(3)known cor-relation values from the literature and(4)detectability.Comprehensively considering the four factors,chlorobenzenes may be the best suitable PCDD/F indicator.One analytical method based on Photon Ionization coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry has been proved effective for the online/atline measurements for PCDD/F indicators for the prediction of TEQ in incineration process.Moreover,thermal desorption and gas chromatography can be applied to provide extra separation and concentration for very complex matrices with extremely low concentrations.