Investigating Müller glia reprogramming in mice: a retrospective of the last decade, and a look to the future

Müller glia,as prominent glial cells within the retina,plays a significant role in maintaining retinal homeostasis in both healthy and diseased states.In lower vertebrates like zebrafish,these cells assume responsibility for spontaneous retinal regeneration,wherein endogenous Müller glia undergo proliferation,transform into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells,and subsequently regenerate the entire retina with restored functionality.Conversely,Müller glia in the mouse and human retina exhibit limited neural reprogramming.Müller glia reprogramming is thus a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative ocular disorders.Müller glia reprogramming in mice has been accomplished with remarkable success,through various technologies.Advancements in molecular,genetic,epigenetic,morphological,and physiological evaluations have made it easier to document and investigate the Müller glia programming process in mice.Nevertheless,there remain issues that hinder improving reprogramming efficiency and maturity.Thus,understanding the reprogramming mechanism is crucial toward exploring factors that will improve Müller glia reprogramming efficiency,and for developing novel Müller glia reprogramming strategies.This review describes recent progress in relatively successful Müller glia reprogramming strategies.It also provides a basis for developing new Müller glia reprogramming strategies in mice,including epigenetic remodeling,metabolic modulation,immune regulation,chemical small-molecules regulation,extracellular matrix remodeling,and cell-cell fusion,to achieve Müller glia reprogramming in mice.

Applying Neural-Network-Based Machine Learning to Additive Manufacturing:Current Applications,Challenges,and Future Perspectives

Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as three-dimensional printing,is gaining increasing attention from academia and industry due to the unique advantages it has in comparison with traditional subtractive manufacturing.However,AM processing parameters are difficult to tune,since they can exert a huge impact on the printed microstructure and on the performance of the subsequent products.It is a difficult task to build a process-structure-property-performance(PSPP)relationship for AM using traditional numerical and analytical models.Today,the machine learning(ML)method has been demonstrated to be a valid way to perform complex pattern recognition and regression analysis without an explicit need to construct and solve the underlying physical models.Among ML algorithms,the neural network(NN)is the most widely used model due to the large dataset that is currently available,strong computational power,and sophisticated algorithm architecture.This paper overviews the progress of applying the NN algorithm to several aspects of the AM whole chain,including model design,in situ monitoring,and quality evaluation.Current challenges in applying NNs to AM and potential solutions for these problems are then outlined.Finally,future trends are proposed in order to provide an overall discussion of this interdisciplinary area.

HRP应用于医疗设备维修维护信息化管理实践探索

HRP是系统化医院资源管理平台,其应用涉及财务管理、人力资源管理、医疗设备管理等。其在医疗设备维修维护的应用过程中体现出了明显优势,能够有效提高医疗设备维修维护信息化管理质量。本文针对HRP在医疗设备维修维护信息化管理中的应用,对可能存在的管理问题加以分析,对管理实践进行探索,并分析取得的实践效果,以进一步科学化、规范化提升医疗设备维修维护工作水平,有效保障医疗设备的使用安全。

浙江省血脂异常不同诊断切点患病情况及心血管病风险分析

目的了解浙江省血脂升高和边缘升高不同诊断切点的患病及10年心血管病风险分布情况。方法分层整群抽样方法调查2015至2016年浙江省35~75岁常住居民,采用问卷调查、体格检查和生化检测,调查血脂升高和边缘升高情况并计算10年心血管病风险情况。结果共调查常住居民40751人,其中血脂异常患者15027人(患病率36.9%,标化患病率34.6%),血脂升高和血脂边缘升高者分别为12869人(患病率31.6%,标化患病率29.4%)和13810人(患病率33.9%,标化患病率33.1%)。血脂异常患者的10年心血管病风险为极高危1.0%、高危43.3%、中危24.4%和低危31.3%,而血脂升高和血脂边缘升高者分别为0.7%、42.9%、24.9%、31.5%和0.7%、22.9%、29.0%、47.4%。结论浙江省35~75岁人群血脂异常和血脂边缘升高患病率较高,10年心血管病风险为高危比例较高,应在重点关注血脂升高人群的基础上,加强对LDL-C边缘升高患者的管理。

Analysis of the correlation between horizontal wind and 11-year solar activity over Langfang, China

In this study,long term observations of medium frequency(MF)radar at Langfang site(39.4°N,116.7°E)from 2009 to 2020 have been used to analyze the dependence of the 11-year solar cycle on horizontal winds in the local mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT).The results show that the zonal wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 80–84 km,and during summer at 80–82 km;the meridional wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 84–88 km and during summer at 84–90 km.In contrast,the results show no correlation between the horizontal wind and solar activity in autumn and winter.We attempt to explain the correlations in terms of the changes in stratospheric temperature and the net flux of gravity waves during solar activities.In addition,annual and semiannual oscillations of the zonal/meridional wind were found by using the least squares fitting method on daily horizontal winds,which show negative correlations with solar activity at heights of 80–90 km.

白大衣性和隐蔽性高血压的诊断率:用一日或三日诊室血压诊断的差异

目的以家庭血压测量(HBPM)为基准,探讨一日诊室血压和非同日三次诊室血压对社区人群白大衣性高血压(WCH)和隐蔽性高血压(MH)诊断率的影响。方法于2015-2018年在浙江省4个社区纳入既往无高血压病史,首日诊室血压为正常高值或1级高血压水平的常住居民,于4周内完成2日诊室血压复查和连续7 dHBPM。诊室一日法的高血压诊断标准为首日诊室收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg;诊室三日法的高血压诊断标准为3日诊室血压均达到收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg。HBPM的高血压诊断标准为后6日平均血压值达到收缩压≥135和(或)舒张压≥85 mm Hg。诊室血压为高血压但HBPM诊断为非高血压者定义为WCH;诊室血压为非高血压但HBPM诊断为高血压者定义为MH。160例调查对象具有完整的血压监测数据。结果依据首日诊室血压、三日诊室血压、家庭血压分别诊断高血压75(46.9%)、23(14.4%)和78例(48.8%)。基于首日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 39例(24.4%),MH 42例(26.3%);基于三日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 11例(6.9%),MH 66例(41.3%),诊室一日法和三日法对于高血压、WCH、MH的诊断率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。诊室血压存在日间差异,首日血压较高,而心率无日间差异。结论以连续7 d家庭血压为基准,在同一人群中,与诊室一日法相比,诊室三日法明显降低WCH的诊断率,而增加MH的诊断率。

单日和3日血压测量对人群高血压患病率的影响

目的社区人群中比较单日血压和3日血压测量对高血压患病率的影响。方法于2015年4-9月在北京、浙江和河南3省市对常住居民47 955人进行高血压筛查,年龄35~75(54.2±15.3)岁。每次血压测量3遍,间隔1min,取平均值为最终血压值。既往无高血压病史、当日收缩压和(或)舒张压高于高血压诊断切点者定为可疑高血压。对可疑高血压患者,在随后1个月内,再进行非同日2次血压测定。3日的收缩压均≥140和(或)舒张压≥90mm Hg时确诊为高血压。比较单日血压和3日血压测量对人群高血压诊断的影响。结果在筛查的47 955人中,明确高血压患者7344例,可疑高血压人群3221例,依据单日血压判断的高血压患病率为22.0%。在3221例可疑高血压人群中,仅425例(13.2%)符合临床高血压诊断标准,3日血压临床高血压确诊率为16.2%,较单日血压诊断低5.8个百分点。通过3日血压测量确诊的高血压组和非高血压组比较,年龄、大量饮酒率和首日收缩压差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在可疑高血压患者中,调整其他因素后,老年和收缩压舒张压均升高者更可能被确诊为高血压患者,OR(95%CI)分别为4.470(1.451~13.722)(年龄65~74岁),5.358(1.577~18.203)(年龄≥75岁),3.766(2.018~7.027)。高盐膳食者诊断相对风险较低[OR(95%CI)=0.331(0.161~0.679)]。结论依据单日血压测量评估的高血压患病率高于非同日3次血压测量方法的结果。

诊室血压联合动态血压监测诊断高血压研究

目的评价诊室血压(OBP)联合动态血压监测(ABPM)诊断高血压的价值。方法于2015—2018年选取诸暨市和杭州市的4个社区161名无高血压病史,且首日OBP为120~159 mm Hg/80~99 mm Hg的35~79岁常住居民为研究对象,测量ABPM(1周内)和非同日3次OBP(4周内),采用ROC曲线评价OBP(一日血压升高和三日血压均升高2种标准)联合ABPM(24 h、白天时段、夜间时段、任一时段平均血压升高4种标准)诊断隐蔽性高血压(MH)和白大衣高血压(WCH)的效果。结果以三日OBP为金标准,一日OBP联合4种ABPM标准诊断MH的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.79~0.81,灵敏度为57.58%~62.77%,特异度为100.00%;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~0.98,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为88.96%~96.80%。Kappa值均<0.6,一致性不高。以任一时段ABPM升高为金标准,联合相同OBP标准时,24 h、白天时段和夜间时段标准诊断MH的AUC值为0.90~0.92,灵敏度为79.17%~83.90%,特异度为100.00%,Kappa值均>0.6,一致性较好;联合一日OBP标准时,Kappa值>0.8,一致性极好;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~1.00,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为89.54%~99.37%,白天时段与任一时段ABPM标准的Kappa值>0.6,一致性较好。结论一日OBP可替代三日OBP用于排除MH和诊断WCH,但准确性不如三日OBP;24 h或白天时段替代任一时段ABPM标准是可行可靠的。

数智赋能时代企业数据治理能力模型研究

【目的/意义】降低企业运营成本,优化企业业务流程,有效管理企业数据资产以及激活企业数据商业价值。【方法/过程】在分析数据治理能力维度基础上,借鉴数据治理框架建立数据治理机制,构建企业数据治理能力模型。以制造业企业为例,设计制造业企业数据治理平台。【结果/结论】该模型帮助企业建立起符合自身业务特征数据治理体系,帮助企业实现数字化经营,赋能业务应用场景。【创新/局限】仅从主数据管理、元数据管理、数据质量管理、数据安全管理以及数据标准管理等方面探讨制造业企业的数据治理。

制造企业数据资产管理体系:要素范畴与逻辑框架

【目的/意义】数据是制造企业的重要战略资源和核心资产,构建制造企业数据资产管理体系为企业数据全生命周期管理提供理论指导。【方法/过程】梳理数据资产概念,提出企业数据资产化必要条件,分析制造企业数据资产管理问题和瓶颈,构建多学科理论基础,解析数据资产管理体系要素,提出数据资产管理逻辑框架。【结果/结论】该框架统筹制造企业数据资产管理主体、管理客体、管理工具等关键要素,有助于突破制造企业数据资产管理瓶颈,发挥数据要素禀赋,助力数据资产建设,实现数据资产保值与增值。【创新/局限】提出系统的制造企业数据资产管理体系,厘清制造企业数据资产管理模糊地带,但文本研究方法较为单一。

Finite element modelling and experimental investigation of the impact of filling different materials in copper tubes during 3D free bending process

3D free bending process,an advanced metal forming technology,has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency.Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in the cross-section area and restrain wrinkling and collapse of tube wall.In the present study,the impacts of filling different materials on the copper tubes during 3D free bending process were investigated.We have found that copper tubes filled with low melting point alloys could induce the most uniform stress distribution,which result in better formability and moderate thickness changing rates when compared to SS304 steel balls and PU rubbers.The lowest ellipticity reached to 1.467%.

Two novel ETFDH mutations in a patient with lipid storage myopathy

The patient was a 17-year-old female who complained of episodic vomiting,exercise intolerance,and muscle weakness.Her symptoms started at 13 years and the initial symptom was vomiting after a meal.At the beginning,muscle fatigue and exercise intolerance after intense exercise only affected her lower limbs.The symptoms progressed slowly in the past 4 years.Her upper limbs,as well as neck muscles were involved now.The patient had no complaint about muscle stiffness,myalgia,or numbness.Physical examination indicated that she had no obviously muscle atrophy.The muscle strength was 4 to 5 (Medical Research Council Scale) in proximal lower limbs,4/5 in proximal upper limbs,and almost normal in distal limbs.Deep tendon reflexes were diminished and sensory examination was intact.No abnormality was evident in the serum blood,except for mild elevated creatinine kinase level (312 IU/L,normal 26-192 IU/L) and slightly increased lactate dehydrogenase level (112IU/L,normal 8-46IU/L).Echocardiography examinations showed the four cardiac chambers were normal in size and function.Muscle strength improved after treatment with riboflavin.

Long-term Field Corrosion Monitoring in Supporting Structures of China Xiamen Xiangan Subsea Tunnel

Xiamen Xiangan Subsea Tunnel is the first undersea tunnel constructed in China. It has become the major undersea pathway connecting Xiamen Island and Xiangan District since its operation in 2010. The total length is 6.05 km with the undersea length of 4.2 km. In an effort to onsite-monitor reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures, the commercially available CorroWatch multiprobe sensors and ERE-20 reference electrodes were pre-embedded in the selected locations and positions of supporting structures during the tunnel constructions. The real-time data have been collected annually by onsite measurements for 6 years. In this paper, the feasibility of the onsite corrosion monitoring system and suitability of the measured parameters including corrosion current, potential and temperature are discussed based on the preliminary results. The measured typical cyclic-type variations in corrosion current and temperature with monitoring time might be related to the seasonal changes during the annual routine measurements. The widely scattered corrosion potentials that are fluctuated complicatedly reflected localized differences in the vicinity of rebar and concrete. These findings, along with the progressively ongoing research, will provide valuable information in structural durability for service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.