Müller glia,as prominent glial cells within the retina,plays a significant role in maintaining retinal homeostasis in both healthy and diseased states.In lower vertebrates like zebrafish,these cells assume respon...Müller glia,as prominent glial cells within the retina,plays a significant role in maintaining retinal homeostasis in both healthy and diseased states.In lower vertebrates like zebrafish,these cells assume responsibility for spontaneous retinal regeneration,wherein endogenous Müller glia undergo proliferation,transform into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells,and subsequently regenerate the entire retina with restored functionality.Conversely,Müller glia in the mouse and human retina exhibit limited neural reprogramming.Müller glia reprogramming is thus a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative ocular disorders.Müller glia reprogramming in mice has been accomplished with remarkable success,through various technologies.Advancements in molecular,genetic,epigenetic,morphological,and physiological evaluations have made it easier to document and investigate the Müller glia programming process in mice.Nevertheless,there remain issues that hinder improving reprogramming efficiency and maturity.Thus,understanding the reprogramming mechanism is crucial toward exploring factors that will improve Müller glia reprogramming efficiency,and for developing novel Müller glia reprogramming strategies.This review describes recent progress in relatively successful Müller glia reprogramming strategies.It also provides a basis for developing new Müller glia reprogramming strategies in mice,including epigenetic remodeling,metabolic modulation,immune regulation,chemical small-molecules regulation,extracellular matrix remodeling,and cell-cell fusion,to achieve Müller glia reprogramming in mice.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as three-dimensional printing,is gaining increasing attention from academia and industry due to the unique advantages it has in comparison with traditional subtractive manufacturi...Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as three-dimensional printing,is gaining increasing attention from academia and industry due to the unique advantages it has in comparison with traditional subtractive manufacturing.However,AM processing parameters are difficult to tune,since they can exert a huge impact on the printed microstructure and on the performance of the subsequent products.It is a difficult task to build a process-structure-property-performance(PSPP)relationship for AM using traditional numerical and analytical models.Today,the machine learning(ML)method has been demonstrated to be a valid way to perform complex pattern recognition and regression analysis without an explicit need to construct and solve the underlying physical models.Among ML algorithms,the neural network(NN)is the most widely used model due to the large dataset that is currently available,strong computational power,and sophisticated algorithm architecture.This paper overviews the progress of applying the NN algorithm to several aspects of the AM whole chain,including model design,in situ monitoring,and quality evaluation.Current challenges in applying NNs to AM and potential solutions for these problems are then outlined.Finally,future trends are proposed in order to provide an overall discussion of this interdisciplinary area.展开更多
In this study,long term observations of medium frequency(MF)radar at Langfang site(39.4°N,116.7°E)from 2009 to 2020 have been used to analyze the dependence of the 11-year solar cycle on horizontal winds in ...In this study,long term observations of medium frequency(MF)radar at Langfang site(39.4°N,116.7°E)from 2009 to 2020 have been used to analyze the dependence of the 11-year solar cycle on horizontal winds in the local mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT).The results show that the zonal wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 80–84 km,and during summer at 80–82 km;the meridional wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 84–88 km and during summer at 84–90 km.In contrast,the results show no correlation between the horizontal wind and solar activity in autumn and winter.We attempt to explain the correlations in terms of the changes in stratospheric temperature and the net flux of gravity waves during solar activities.In addition,annual and semiannual oscillations of the zonal/meridional wind were found by using the least squares fitting method on daily horizontal winds,which show negative correlations with solar activity at heights of 80–90 km.展开更多
目的以家庭血压测量(HBPM)为基准,探讨一日诊室血压和非同日三次诊室血压对社区人群白大衣性高血压(WCH)和隐蔽性高血压(MH)诊断率的影响。方法于2015-2018年在浙江省4个社区纳入既往无高血压病史,首日诊室血压为正常高值或1级高血压水...目的以家庭血压测量(HBPM)为基准,探讨一日诊室血压和非同日三次诊室血压对社区人群白大衣性高血压(WCH)和隐蔽性高血压(MH)诊断率的影响。方法于2015-2018年在浙江省4个社区纳入既往无高血压病史,首日诊室血压为正常高值或1级高血压水平的常住居民,于4周内完成2日诊室血压复查和连续7 dHBPM。诊室一日法的高血压诊断标准为首日诊室收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg;诊室三日法的高血压诊断标准为3日诊室血压均达到收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg。HBPM的高血压诊断标准为后6日平均血压值达到收缩压≥135和(或)舒张压≥85 mm Hg。诊室血压为高血压但HBPM诊断为非高血压者定义为WCH;诊室血压为非高血压但HBPM诊断为高血压者定义为MH。160例调查对象具有完整的血压监测数据。结果依据首日诊室血压、三日诊室血压、家庭血压分别诊断高血压75(46.9%)、23(14.4%)和78例(48.8%)。基于首日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 39例(24.4%),MH 42例(26.3%);基于三日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 11例(6.9%),MH 66例(41.3%),诊室一日法和三日法对于高血压、WCH、MH的诊断率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。诊室血压存在日间差异,首日血压较高,而心率无日间差异。结论以连续7 d家庭血压为基准,在同一人群中,与诊室一日法相比,诊室三日法明显降低WCH的诊断率,而增加MH的诊断率。展开更多
目的评价诊室血压(OBP)联合动态血压监测(ABPM)诊断高血压的价值。方法于2015—2018年选取诸暨市和杭州市的4个社区161名无高血压病史,且首日OBP为120~159 mm Hg/80~99 mm Hg的35~79岁常住居民为研究对象,测量ABPM(1周内)和非同日3次OB...目的评价诊室血压(OBP)联合动态血压监测(ABPM)诊断高血压的价值。方法于2015—2018年选取诸暨市和杭州市的4个社区161名无高血压病史,且首日OBP为120~159 mm Hg/80~99 mm Hg的35~79岁常住居民为研究对象,测量ABPM(1周内)和非同日3次OBP(4周内),采用ROC曲线评价OBP(一日血压升高和三日血压均升高2种标准)联合ABPM(24 h、白天时段、夜间时段、任一时段平均血压升高4种标准)诊断隐蔽性高血压(MH)和白大衣高血压(WCH)的效果。结果以三日OBP为金标准,一日OBP联合4种ABPM标准诊断MH的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.79~0.81,灵敏度为57.58%~62.77%,特异度为100.00%;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~0.98,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为88.96%~96.80%。Kappa值均<0.6,一致性不高。以任一时段ABPM升高为金标准,联合相同OBP标准时,24 h、白天时段和夜间时段标准诊断MH的AUC值为0.90~0.92,灵敏度为79.17%~83.90%,特异度为100.00%,Kappa值均>0.6,一致性较好;联合一日OBP标准时,Kappa值>0.8,一致性极好;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~1.00,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为89.54%~99.37%,白天时段与任一时段ABPM标准的Kappa值>0.6,一致性较好。结论一日OBP可替代三日OBP用于排除MH和诊断WCH,但准确性不如三日OBP;24 h或白天时段替代任一时段ABPM标准是可行可靠的。展开更多
3D free bending process,an advanced metal forming technology,has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency.Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in ...3D free bending process,an advanced metal forming technology,has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency.Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in the cross-section area and restrain wrinkling and collapse of tube wall.In the present study,the impacts of filling different materials on the copper tubes during 3D free bending process were investigated.We have found that copper tubes filled with low melting point alloys could induce the most uniform stress distribution,which result in better formability and moderate thickness changing rates when compared to SS304 steel balls and PU rubbers.The lowest ellipticity reached to 1.467%.展开更多
The patient was a 17-year-old female who complained of episodic vomiting,exercise intolerance,and muscle weakness.Her symptoms started at 13 years and the initial symptom was vomiting after a meal.At the beginning,mus...The patient was a 17-year-old female who complained of episodic vomiting,exercise intolerance,and muscle weakness.Her symptoms started at 13 years and the initial symptom was vomiting after a meal.At the beginning,muscle fatigue and exercise intolerance after intense exercise only affected her lower limbs.The symptoms progressed slowly in the past 4 years.Her upper limbs,as well as neck muscles were involved now.The patient had no complaint about muscle stiffness,myalgia,or numbness.Physical examination indicated that she had no obviously muscle atrophy.The muscle strength was 4 to 5 (Medical Research Council Scale) in proximal lower limbs,4/5 in proximal upper limbs,and almost normal in distal limbs.Deep tendon reflexes were diminished and sensory examination was intact.No abnormality was evident in the serum blood,except for mild elevated creatinine kinase level (312 IU/L,normal 26-192 IU/L) and slightly increased lactate dehydrogenase level (112IU/L,normal 8-46IU/L).Echocardiography examinations showed the four cardiac chambers were normal in size and function.Muscle strength improved after treatment with riboflavin.展开更多
Xiamen Xiangan Subsea Tunnel is the first undersea tunnel constructed in China. It has become the major undersea pathway connecting Xiamen Island and Xiangan District since its operation in 2010. The total length is 6...Xiamen Xiangan Subsea Tunnel is the first undersea tunnel constructed in China. It has become the major undersea pathway connecting Xiamen Island and Xiangan District since its operation in 2010. The total length is 6.05 km with the undersea length of 4.2 km. In an effort to onsite-monitor reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures, the commercially available CorroWatch multiprobe sensors and ERE-20 reference electrodes were pre-embedded in the selected locations and positions of supporting structures during the tunnel constructions. The real-time data have been collected annually by onsite measurements for 6 years. In this paper, the feasibility of the onsite corrosion monitoring system and suitability of the measured parameters including corrosion current, potential and temperature are discussed based on the preliminary results. The measured typical cyclic-type variations in corrosion current and temperature with monitoring time might be related to the seasonal changes during the annual routine measurements. The widely scattered corrosion potentials that are fluctuated complicatedly reflected localized differences in the vicinity of rebar and concrete. These findings, along with the progressively ongoing research, will provide valuable information in structural durability for service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31930068National Key Research and Development Program of China,Nos.2018YFA0107302 and 2021YFA1101203(all to HX).
文摘Müller glia,as prominent glial cells within the retina,plays a significant role in maintaining retinal homeostasis in both healthy and diseased states.In lower vertebrates like zebrafish,these cells assume responsibility for spontaneous retinal regeneration,wherein endogenous Müller glia undergo proliferation,transform into Müller glia-derived progenitor cells,and subsequently regenerate the entire retina with restored functionality.Conversely,Müller glia in the mouse and human retina exhibit limited neural reprogramming.Müller glia reprogramming is thus a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative ocular disorders.Müller glia reprogramming in mice has been accomplished with remarkable success,through various technologies.Advancements in molecular,genetic,epigenetic,morphological,and physiological evaluations have made it easier to document and investigate the Müller glia programming process in mice.Nevertheless,there remain issues that hinder improving reprogramming efficiency and maturity.Thus,understanding the reprogramming mechanism is crucial toward exploring factors that will improve Müller glia reprogramming efficiency,and for developing novel Müller glia reprogramming strategies.This review describes recent progress in relatively successful Müller glia reprogramming strategies.It also provides a basis for developing new Müller glia reprogramming strategies in mice,including epigenetic remodeling,metabolic modulation,immune regulation,chemical small-molecules regulation,extracellular matrix remodeling,and cell-cell fusion,to achieve Müller glia reprogramming in mice.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as three-dimensional printing,is gaining increasing attention from academia and industry due to the unique advantages it has in comparison with traditional subtractive manufacturing.However,AM processing parameters are difficult to tune,since they can exert a huge impact on the printed microstructure and on the performance of the subsequent products.It is a difficult task to build a process-structure-property-performance(PSPP)relationship for AM using traditional numerical and analytical models.Today,the machine learning(ML)method has been demonstrated to be a valid way to perform complex pattern recognition and regression analysis without an explicit need to construct and solve the underlying physical models.Among ML algorithms,the neural network(NN)is the most widely used model due to the large dataset that is currently available,strong computational power,and sophisticated algorithm architecture.This paper overviews the progress of applying the NN algorithm to several aspects of the AM whole chain,including model design,in situ monitoring,and quality evaluation.Current challenges in applying NNs to AM and potential solutions for these problems are then outlined.Finally,future trends are proposed in order to provide an overall discussion of this interdisciplinary area.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.XDA17010302).
文摘In this study,long term observations of medium frequency(MF)radar at Langfang site(39.4°N,116.7°E)from 2009 to 2020 have been used to analyze the dependence of the 11-year solar cycle on horizontal winds in the local mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT).The results show that the zonal wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 80–84 km,and during summer at 80–82 km;the meridional wind is positively correlated with solar activity during spring at 84–88 km and during summer at 84–90 km.In contrast,the results show no correlation between the horizontal wind and solar activity in autumn and winter.We attempt to explain the correlations in terms of the changes in stratospheric temperature and the net flux of gravity waves during solar activities.In addition,annual and semiannual oscillations of the zonal/meridional wind were found by using the least squares fitting method on daily horizontal winds,which show negative correlations with solar activity at heights of 80–90 km.
文摘目的以家庭血压测量(HBPM)为基准,探讨一日诊室血压和非同日三次诊室血压对社区人群白大衣性高血压(WCH)和隐蔽性高血压(MH)诊断率的影响。方法于2015-2018年在浙江省4个社区纳入既往无高血压病史,首日诊室血压为正常高值或1级高血压水平的常住居民,于4周内完成2日诊室血压复查和连续7 dHBPM。诊室一日法的高血压诊断标准为首日诊室收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg;诊室三日法的高血压诊断标准为3日诊室血压均达到收缩压≥140和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg。HBPM的高血压诊断标准为后6日平均血压值达到收缩压≥135和(或)舒张压≥85 mm Hg。诊室血压为高血压但HBPM诊断为非高血压者定义为WCH;诊室血压为非高血压但HBPM诊断为高血压者定义为MH。160例调查对象具有完整的血压监测数据。结果依据首日诊室血压、三日诊室血压、家庭血压分别诊断高血压75(46.9%)、23(14.4%)和78例(48.8%)。基于首日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 39例(24.4%),MH 42例(26.3%);基于三日诊室血压和家庭血压检出WCH 11例(6.9%),MH 66例(41.3%),诊室一日法和三日法对于高血压、WCH、MH的诊断率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。诊室血压存在日间差异,首日血压较高,而心率无日间差异。结论以连续7 d家庭血压为基准,在同一人群中,与诊室一日法相比,诊室三日法明显降低WCH的诊断率,而增加MH的诊断率。
文摘目的评价诊室血压(OBP)联合动态血压监测(ABPM)诊断高血压的价值。方法于2015—2018年选取诸暨市和杭州市的4个社区161名无高血压病史,且首日OBP为120~159 mm Hg/80~99 mm Hg的35~79岁常住居民为研究对象,测量ABPM(1周内)和非同日3次OBP(4周内),采用ROC曲线评价OBP(一日血压升高和三日血压均升高2种标准)联合ABPM(24 h、白天时段、夜间时段、任一时段平均血压升高4种标准)诊断隐蔽性高血压(MH)和白大衣高血压(WCH)的效果。结果以三日OBP为金标准,一日OBP联合4种ABPM标准诊断MH的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.79~0.81,灵敏度为57.58%~62.77%,特异度为100.00%;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~0.98,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为88.96%~96.80%。Kappa值均<0.6,一致性不高。以任一时段ABPM升高为金标准,联合相同OBP标准时,24 h、白天时段和夜间时段标准诊断MH的AUC值为0.90~0.92,灵敏度为79.17%~83.90%,特异度为100.00%,Kappa值均>0.6,一致性较好;联合一日OBP标准时,Kappa值>0.8,一致性极好;诊断WCH的AUC值为0.95~1.00,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为89.54%~99.37%,白天时段与任一时段ABPM标准的Kappa值>0.6,一致性较好。结论一日OBP可替代三日OBP用于排除MH和诊断WCH,但准确性不如三日OBP;24 h或白天时段替代任一时段ABPM标准是可行可靠的。
基金financial support from the Open Research Funds of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Equipment Materials Engineering of China(No.NJ20170012)the China Aviation Science Foundation(No.2016ZE52047)the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Program of China(No.BE2016156).
文摘3D free bending process,an advanced metal forming technology,has attracted much attention due to its unique geometrical flexibility and efficiency.Filling tubes with materials may effectively reduce the distortion in the cross-section area and restrain wrinkling and collapse of tube wall.In the present study,the impacts of filling different materials on the copper tubes during 3D free bending process were investigated.We have found that copper tubes filled with low melting point alloys could induce the most uniform stress distribution,which result in better formability and moderate thickness changing rates when compared to SS304 steel balls and PU rubbers.The lowest ellipticity reached to 1.467%.
文摘The patient was a 17-year-old female who complained of episodic vomiting,exercise intolerance,and muscle weakness.Her symptoms started at 13 years and the initial symptom was vomiting after a meal.At the beginning,muscle fatigue and exercise intolerance after intense exercise only affected her lower limbs.The symptoms progressed slowly in the past 4 years.Her upper limbs,as well as neck muscles were involved now.The patient had no complaint about muscle stiffness,myalgia,or numbness.Physical examination indicated that she had no obviously muscle atrophy.The muscle strength was 4 to 5 (Medical Research Council Scale) in proximal lower limbs,4/5 in proximal upper limbs,and almost normal in distal limbs.Deep tendon reflexes were diminished and sensory examination was intact.No abnormality was evident in the serum blood,except for mild elevated creatinine kinase level (312 IU/L,normal 26-192 IU/L) and slightly increased lactate dehydrogenase level (112IU/L,normal 8-46IU/L).Echocardiography examinations showed the four cardiac chambers were normal in size and function.Muscle strength improved after treatment with riboflavin.
基金financial support and onsite assistance from the Xiamen Road and Bridge Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,China
文摘Xiamen Xiangan Subsea Tunnel is the first undersea tunnel constructed in China. It has become the major undersea pathway connecting Xiamen Island and Xiangan District since its operation in 2010. The total length is 6.05 km with the undersea length of 4.2 km. In an effort to onsite-monitor reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures, the commercially available CorroWatch multiprobe sensors and ERE-20 reference electrodes were pre-embedded in the selected locations and positions of supporting structures during the tunnel constructions. The real-time data have been collected annually by onsite measurements for 6 years. In this paper, the feasibility of the onsite corrosion monitoring system and suitability of the measured parameters including corrosion current, potential and temperature are discussed based on the preliminary results. The measured typical cyclic-type variations in corrosion current and temperature with monitoring time might be related to the seasonal changes during the annual routine measurements. The widely scattered corrosion potentials that are fluctuated complicatedly reflected localized differences in the vicinity of rebar and concrete. These findings, along with the progressively ongoing research, will provide valuable information in structural durability for service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments.