山水城市总体城市设计的探索--以台州市中心城区为例

我国山水城市数量众多且各具特色,但在快速城镇化背景下,城市空间的急剧扩张打破了原有的自然山水格局,并随之产生了人居环境恶化、特色风貌缺失等严重问题。文章首先通过梳理和总结相关实践经验,从城市特色提炼,城市空间解析、城市空间塑造和城市空间维育4个方面提出面向山水城市的总体城市设计编制思路,进而通过台州市中心城区案例,探讨了具体设计策略及内容的展开,并最终形成“形态控制”与“策略引导”结合、空间设计和规划实施兼顾的总体城市设计框架。

Comparison of Clinic and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Response to Antihypertensive Drugs in Chinese Patients

To compare the difference between 24-h ambulatory blood pressure （ABP） and trough clinic blood pressure （CBP） after 8 weeks of therapy. Methods The study used meta-regression analysis to summarize three randomized, double-blind, active controlled trials in order to compare the difference between the magnitude of the reduction in 24-h average ABP and CBP Patients. Chinese patients with seated diastolic blood pressure （SDBP） 95-115 mmHg and ambulatory diastolic blood pressure （ADBP）≥85 mmHg. Results The average age of 126 patients was 47.7 ＋ 8.3 years, ranging from 25 to 67 （95 males and 31 females）. All regimens reduced 24-h ABP and CBP after 8 weeks of treatment. In the 126 patients the baseline 24-h SBP and DBP values （142.7/94.4 mmHg） were markedly lower than those for clinic values （152.6/102.6 mmHg; P〈0.0001）. Similarly, the 24-h SBP and DBP values （132.7/87.7 mmHg） in week 8 were markedly lower than the clinic values （138.9/92.7 mmHg; P〈0.0001）. The differences between the treatment-induced reductions in 24-h ABP and CBP were statistically significant （the difference was 3.7/3.3 mmHg for SBP/DBP, P=O.OO69/P〈O.O001）. Conclusion All regimens significantly reduced seated CBP and ABP. The effect of antihypertensive treatment was greater on CBP than that on ABP, suggesting that assessment on effectiveness of an antihypertensive treatment using CBP readings only has to be carefully interpreted, and a more systematic application of ABP monitoring should be adopted.

Application of voxel-based morphometric method to detect brain changes in children with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus.In children with CHD,abnormalities in the development and function of the nervous system are common.At present,there is a lack of research on the preoperative neurological development and injury in young children with non-cyanotic CHD.AIM To determine the changes in white matter,gray matter,and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in children with non-cyanotic CHD as compared with healthy controls.METHODS Children diagnosed with non-cyanotic CHD on ultrasonography(n=54)and healthy control subjects(n=35)were included in the study.All the subjects were aged 1-3 years.Brain MRI was performed prior to surgery for CHD.The SPM v12 software was used to calculate the volumes of the gray matter,white matter,CSF,and the whole brain(sum of the gray matter,white matter,and CSF volumes).Volume differences between the two groups were analyzed.Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare specific brain regions with statistically significant atrophy.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the study group had significantly reduced whole-brain white matter volume(P<0.05),but similar whole-brain gray matter,CSF,and whole-brain volumes(P>0.05).As compared with the healthy controls,children with non-cyanotic CHD had mild underdevelopment in the white matter of the anterior central gyrus,the posterior central gyrus,and the pulvinar.CONCLUSION Children with non-cyanotic CHD show decreased white matter volume before surgery,and this volume reduction is mainly concentrated in the somatosensory and somatic motor nerve regions.

Effects of different machine transplanting methods on the physiological and yield characteristics of late rice in China

To address problems caused by rice machine transplanting such as injury to the seedlings and recovery period that extend growth period,this study explored the effects of different machine transplanting methods on the physiological and yield characteristics of late rice in China,and determine the appropriate machine transplanting method for late rice,which was expected to provide a basis for high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice.Hybrid indica rice Taiyou 398 and conventional indica rice Jing Gangruanzhan were selected as the research objects,and large-pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M1),conventional pot carpet seedling machine transplanting(M2)and ordinary carpet seedling machine transplanting(M3)were adopted respectively to analyze their effects on seedling quality,population physiological characteristics,yield and its components and economic benefits of late rice.The results showed that compared with M2 and M3,M1 achieved higher seedling quality,showing significant advantages in the early stage despite average root entwining force that met the requirement of machine transplanting.The seedlings transplanted using M1 had shorter recovery period after mechanical transplanting,with earlier tillering,earlier peak seedling,and slower declining of stems and tillers in the late stage;the peak seedling number was not high,but the effective tiller number and earbearing tiller percentage were significantly higher than those achieved by the other two machine transplanting methods.Also,M1 achieved stronger photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves before HS,with more photosynthetic products in stems and leaves transported to panicles and more efficiently after HS.Compared with seedlings transplanted using M2 and M3,the recovery period of those transplanted using M1 was shortened by 3 and 5 d,the heading stage(HS),and maturity stage(MS)were advanced,which effectively reduced the risk and impact of“cold dew wind”on machine-transplanted late rice.M1 had significant yield increase advantage and economic benefit,with better grain maturity,and“larger panicles,more panicles,more and fuller grains”.M1 achieved an average yield increase of 10.31%-11.10%,20.67%-25.10%in 2 years,and an average income increase of 18.65%-131.06%and 62.85%-323.78%,respectively.Therefore,vigorously developing M1 is the key to the high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of machine-transplanted late rice in China.

Radiomic-based machine learning model for predicting the surgical risk in children with abdominal neuroblastoma

Background Preoperative imaging assessment of surgical risk is very important for the prognosis of these children.To develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning model based on the analysis of radiomics features to predict surgical risk in children with abdominal neuroblastoma(NB).Methods A retrospective study was conducted from April 2019 to March 2021 among 74 children with abdominal NB.A total of 1874 radiomic features in MR images were extracted from each patient.Support vector machines(SVMs)were used to establish the model.Eighty percent of the data were used as the training set to optimize the model,and 20%of the data were used to validate its accuracy,sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve(AUC)to verify its effectiveness.Results Among the 74 children with abdominal NB,55(65%)had surgical risk and 19(35%)had no surgical risk.A t test and Lasso identified that 28 radiomic features were associated with surgical risk.After developing an SVMbased model using these features,predictions were made about whether children with abdominal NB had surgical risk.The model achieved an AUC of 0.94(a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.80)with 0.890 accuracy in the training set and an AUC of 0.81(a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.82)with 0.838 accuracy in the test set.Conclusions Radiomics and machine learning can be used to predict the surgical risk in children with abdominal NB.The model based on 28 radiomic features established by SVM showed good diagnostic efficiency.

Review of challenges and strategies for balanced urban-rural environmental protection in China

With the rise of environmentalism in China, great efforts have been devoted to environmental protec- tion over the past several decades. Compared with urban environmental protection, rural environmental protection has not been attached enough importance in China due to the dual-track structure of socio-economic development. As a result, rural China is shouldering disproportionally heavy environmental burdens partly because of the differences and biases between urban and rural environmental protection seen in environmental policies, environ- mental rights and interests, environmental protection investment, and the environmental protection awareness of people. To eliminate the gap between rural and urban environmental protection, and achieve the goal of ＂balanced urban-rural environmental protection＂ （BUREP）, government should consider mapping out proper policies and strategies. In this paper we put forward an innovative strategy of BUREP against the background of China＇s urban-rural environmental protection. First, we review the current status of rural environmental protection status and its challenges compared with urban environ- mental protection in China. Secondly, we analyzed the main driving factors and reasons deeply, and then we put forward the BUREP strategy base on the unequal status between urban and rural environment. Finally, we proposed the framework of BUREP. This study may serve as a scientific reference regarding decision-making in coordinating urban and rural environmental protection and in constructing the new countryside of China.

Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella sp.USTB-01 with a fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor

A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water,which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting,was identified as Chlorella sp.USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)gene sequences.In the heterotrophic batch culture,more than 20.0 g·L^(-1)of cell dry weight concentration(DWC)of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 was obtained at day 5,and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture.A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp.USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L^(-1)was obtained at day 6.The highest CO_(2)fixation of 95%appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 and 49.8%protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.

Enhancement of hydrogen production and energy recovery through electro-fermentation from the dark fermentation effluent of food waste

To enhance hydrogen production efficiency and energy recovery,a sequential dark fermentation and microbial electrochemical cell(MEC)process was evaluated for hydrogen production from food waste.The hydrogen production,electrochemical performance and microbial community dynamics were investigated during startup of the MEC that was inoculated with different sludges.Results suggest that biogas production rates and hydrogen proportions were 0.83 L/L d and 92.58%,respectively,using anaerobic digested sludge,which is higher than that of the anaerobic granular sludge(0.55 L/L d and 86.21%).The microbial community were predominated by bacterial genus Acetobacterium,Geobacter,Desulfovibrio,and archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter in electrode biofilms and the community structure was relatively stable both in anode and cathode.The sequential system obtained a 53.8% energy recovery rate and enhanced soluble chemical oxygen demand(sCOD)removal rate of 44.3%.This research demonstrated an important approach to utilize dark fermentation effluent to maximize the conversion of fermentation byproducts into hydrogen.

Diagnostic value of 3D-FLAIR MRI in children with sudden deafness caused by inner ear hemorrhage

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(3D-FLAIR)MRI in children with sudden deafness caused by inner ear hemorrhage.Methods The diagnostic efficacies of three different MRI sequences in the examination of the inner ear for 32 children with sudden deafness were compared.Hearing examination results and 3-month follow-up outcomes were analyzed.Results The age of 32 children with sudden deafness ranged from 5 to 18 years.MRI was performed from 1 to 18 days after onset.Six cases of sudden deafness caused by inner ear hemorrhage were finally diagnosed clinically.For different MRI sequences,the 3D-FLAIR sequence detected five positive cases;the conventional T1-weighted image sequence also detected five positive cases;but the conventional T2-weighted image sequence only detected three positive cases.The sensitivity and specificity of the 3D-FLAIR sequence in the diagnosis of inner ear hemorrhage were 83.3%(5/6)and 96.2%(25/26),respectively,and the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.897.In the hemorrhage group,all six cases had extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss,and the hearing recovery was ineffective after 3 months of follow-up.The degree of hearing impairment,3-month short-term treatment efficacy,and 3D-FLAIR MRI in the diagnosis of inner ear hemorrhage between hemorrhage group and non-hemorrhage group were statistically significant(p=0.043,p=0.000,p=0.000).Conclusions 3D-FLAIR MRI is helpful for the diagnosis of inner ear hemorrhage in children with sudden deafness.Besides,short-term treatment indicates poor effects on children with severe hearing impairment.