Biopharmaceuticals,such as proteins,peptides,nucleic acids and vaccines,bring about great hopes for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,but the industrialization of these products still faces challenges s...Biopharmaceuticals,such as proteins,peptides,nucleic acids and vaccines,bring about great hopes for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,but the industrialization of these products still faces challenges such as structural instability,inefficient bioactivity and low bioavailability.Ionic liquids(ILs),the marvelous solvent media with inimitable and tunable properties,may provide alternative solutions to overcome the above problems of biopharmaceutical industry.Progress has gradually been made through studies by combination of ILs with biomacromolecules.The applications involved the stabilization,protection,and delivery of biopharmaceuticals.Recent trends are being forwarded to using ILs in vaccines and nucleic acid drugs.However,challenges remain on the toxicity and safety issues.Besides,the cost of adding ILs to the benefits of biopharmaceuticals need to be considered.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cassava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9(Southern China 9) as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows: control gr...[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cassava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9(Southern China 9) as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows: control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered(CK), treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation(CK), the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed better. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38%(20 760 kg/hm2) than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hunan province.展开更多
The ozonolysis of cyclohexene is an important model system for understanding the more complex reaction of O_3 with monoterpenes; however, many previous studies have come to qualitatively different conclusions about th...The ozonolysis of cyclohexene is an important model system for understanding the more complex reaction of O_3 with monoterpenes; however, many previous studies have come to qualitatively different conclusions about the composition of the secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formed in this system. In the present study, the composition of the SOA produced by cyclohexene ozonolysis in the absence of seed aerosols has been investigated online and off-line using synchrotron-based thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry(TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS) in conjunction with a custom-built smog chamber. On the basis of the molecular ions observed by mass spectrometry at 11.5 e V, it was found that dicarboxylic acids, dialdehydes, and cyclic anhydrides are the predominant low molecular weight components in the particle phase. The results also indicated that TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS coupled with filter sampling is a potentially useful tool for the investigation of SOA composition both in the field and in the laboratory.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diur...[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of SC205 were studied by LICOR-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors were studied by simple correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result] The curve of diurnal variation of Pn showed single peak at 10:00 am at 24.07 μ mol CO2m2/s, without showing midday depression; the diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta) and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) all showed single peak curves, and there were positive relationships of Pn with Gs, Tr, Tl, Ta and PAR. The diurnal variations of intercellular CO2concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2concentration(Ca), relative humidity(RH) showed in a U-shape curve. There were highly significant positive correlation of Pn with Gs and PAR; the diurnal variation of Pn had highly significant negative correlations with Ci and Ca. The direct impact of physiological factors on Pn was as follows: Ci>Gs>Tl>Tr, and the direct impact of ecological factors was RH >PAR >Ca >Ta. [Conclusion] The research showed that Ci, Gs and Tr play very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors, and PAR and Ca affect the changes of Pn among the ecological factors.展开更多
基金The authors are thankful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21808226,31970872,and 21821005).
文摘Biopharmaceuticals,such as proteins,peptides,nucleic acids and vaccines,bring about great hopes for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,but the industrialization of these products still faces challenges such as structural instability,inefficient bioactivity and low bioavailability.Ionic liquids(ILs),the marvelous solvent media with inimitable and tunable properties,may provide alternative solutions to overcome the above problems of biopharmaceutical industry.Progress has gradually been made through studies by combination of ILs with biomacromolecules.The applications involved the stabilization,protection,and delivery of biopharmaceuticals.Recent trends are being forwarded to using ILs in vaccines and nucleic acid drugs.However,challenges remain on the toxicity and safety issues.Besides,the cost of adding ILs to the benefits of biopharmaceuticals need to be considered.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12cssy)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cassava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9(Southern China 9) as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows: control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered(CK), treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation(CK), the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed better. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38%(20 760 kg/hm2) than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hunan province.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11575178,91544105,U1532137,91544228,and U1232130)
文摘The ozonolysis of cyclohexene is an important model system for understanding the more complex reaction of O_3 with monoterpenes; however, many previous studies have come to qualitatively different conclusions about the composition of the secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formed in this system. In the present study, the composition of the SOA produced by cyclohexene ozonolysis in the absence of seed aerosols has been investigated online and off-line using synchrotron-based thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry(TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS) in conjunction with a custom-built smog chamber. On the basis of the molecular ions observed by mass spectrometry at 11.5 e V, it was found that dicarboxylic acids, dialdehydes, and cyclic anhydrides are the predominant low molecular weight components in the particle phase. The results also indicated that TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS coupled with filter sampling is a potentially useful tool for the investigation of SOA composition both in the field and in the laboratory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91544105,No.U1532137,No.275127,No.U1232130,No.U1232209,and No.U11575178)the Supercomputing Center of USTC is also acknowledged
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of SC205 were studied by LICOR-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors were studied by simple correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result] The curve of diurnal variation of Pn showed single peak at 10:00 am at 24.07 μ mol CO2m2/s, without showing midday depression; the diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta) and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) all showed single peak curves, and there were positive relationships of Pn with Gs, Tr, Tl, Ta and PAR. The diurnal variations of intercellular CO2concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2concentration(Ca), relative humidity(RH) showed in a U-shape curve. There were highly significant positive correlation of Pn with Gs and PAR; the diurnal variation of Pn had highly significant negative correlations with Ci and Ca. The direct impact of physiological factors on Pn was as follows: Ci>Gs>Tl>Tr, and the direct impact of ecological factors was RH >PAR >Ca >Ta. [Conclusion] The research showed that Ci, Gs and Tr play very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors, and PAR and Ca affect the changes of Pn among the ecological factors.
