This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of C...This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of Chinese characters and English alphabets.Through comparative analysis of the ideation of English letters(pictogramme)and the origin of Chinese characters,known as the"Six Categories Theory,"we discover their alignment in terms of social,traditional,and cultural aspects.This suggests that different ethnic groups share common features in terms of life experience,learning cognitive development,and thinking habits.This study also finds that the origins of English letters and Chinese characters share similar linguistic features in their methods of constructing letters/characters,such as pictographic,ideographic,and semantic characteristics.Exploring these commonalities contributes to promoting learning and communication between Chinese and English characters.Additionally,by focusing on socio-cultural aspects,traditional customs,and cognitive learning,this study aims to break away from the traditional linguistic research approach that solely focuses on language differences.This provides a broader perspective and richer dimensions for Chinese and English language learning,facilitating the development of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.展开更多
Timely and accurate population statistic data plays an important role in many fields.To illustrate the demographic characteristics,population density is a crucial factor in evaluating population data.With a dynamic re...Timely and accurate population statistic data plays an important role in many fields.To illustrate the demographic characteristics,population density is a crucial factor in evaluating population data.With a dynamic regional migration in population,it is a challenging job to evaluate population density without a census-based survey.We present the approach to classify satellite images in different magnitudes in population density and execute the comparative experiment to discuss the factors that influence the identification to the images with the deep learning approach.In this paper,we use satellite imagery and community population density data.With convolutional neural networks,we evaluated the performance of CNN on population estimation with satellite images,found the features that are important in population estimation,and then perform the sensitive analysis.展开更多
We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading...We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading sunspot with positive magnetic polarity rotated counterclockwise.As expected,the rotation was significantly affected by the two flares.Magnetic transients induced by the flares were clearly evident in the sunspots with negative polarity.They were moving across the sunspots with speed of order 3-7 km s^(-1).Furthermore,the trend of magnetic flux evolution in these sunspots exhibited changes associated with the flares.These results may shed light on understanding the evolution of sunspots.展开更多
Ovarian cancer(OC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among gynaecologicalmalignancies.Emerging studies suggest that the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)may be the potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis ...Ovarian cancer(OC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among gynaecologicalmalignancies.Emerging studies suggest that the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)may be the potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the cancer.The current study was carried out to investigate the role of lncRNA CCHE1 silencing in OC cell invasion and migration.Expression of lncRNA CCHE1 in normal ovarian cell Hose and OC cell lines HO 8910,A2780 and SKOV3 was detected.LncRNA were transfected with siRNA,and then the proliferation of cells was detected by using MTT assay.Cell invasion and migration was measured by using Transwell assay and scratch test,respectively.The protein levels of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,ERK,p38-MAPK and the phosphorylation of ERK and p38-MAPK in cells after siRNA transfection were detected by using Western blot analysis.Consequently,lncRNA CCHE1 expression was highly expressed in OC cell lines,especially in SKOV3 cells.siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA3 all decreased.lncRNA CCHE1 expression in SKOV3 cells and siRNA2 showed the best silencing efficacy.Silencing of lncRNA CCHE1 decreased proliferation,invasion and migration,and reduced the protein levels of N-cadherin,ERK,p38-MAPK and the phosphorylation of ERK and p38-MAPK,while reducing the protein level of E-cadherin in SKOV3 cells.Collectively,our study proved that the silencing of lncRNA CCHE1 could inhibit SKOV3 cell invasion and migration via inactivating the p38-MAPK signaling pathway.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by question...AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by questionnaire,and analyzed by Chi-square test and one-tailed t test in IBM SPSS statistics.RESULTS:Based on the survey data on the awareness of GCD2 genetic detection in this study and the positive predictive analysis report of the citizens in five cities in China,the vast majority(84.2%)of respondents had never heard of it and did not know that GCD2 patients have been prohibited from performing excimer surgery that can deteriorate GCD2 patients’condition even leading to blindness.Though 3.4%of patients understood GCD2 very much,they have no idea that GCD2 could not be 100%accuracy diagnosed by the conventional inspection methods.CONCLUSION:It is feasible and necessary to use GCD2 genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project.In order to promote the development of detection project,a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts,costs,and research progress.展开更多
Sensory neuron membrane proteins(SNMPs),homologs of the human fatty acid transport protein CD36 family,are observed to play a significant role in chemoreception,especially in detecting sex pheromone in Drosophila and ...Sensory neuron membrane proteins(SNMPs),homologs of the human fatty acid transport protein CD36 family,are observed to play a significant role in chemoreception,especially in detecting sex pheromone in Drosophila and some lepidopteran species.In the current study,two full‐length SNMP transcripts,MmedSNMP1 and MmedSNMP2,were identified in the parasitoid Microplitis mediator(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of MmedSNMP1 was significantly higher in antennae than in other tissues of both sexes.In addition,the MmedSNMP1 transcript was increased dramatically in newly emerged adults and there were no significant differences between adults with or without mating and parasitic experiences.However,compared with MmedSNMP1,the expression of MmedSNMP2 was widely found in various tissues,significantly increased at half‐pigmented pupae stage and remained at a relatively constant level during the following developmental stages.It was found that MmedSNMP1 contained eight exons and seven introns,which was highly conserved compared with other insect species.In situ hybridization assay demonstrated that MmedSNMP1 transcript was distributed widely in antennal flagella.Among selected chemosensory genes(odorant binding protein,odorant receptor,and ionotropic receptor genes),MmedSNMP1 only partially overlapped with MmedORco in olfactory sensory neurons of antennae.Subsequent immunolocalization results further indicated that MmedSNMP1 was mainly expressed in sensilla placodea of antennae and possibly involved in perceiving plant volatiles and sex pheromones.These findings lay a foundation for further investigating the roles of SNMPs in the chemosensation of parasitoids.展开更多
Understanding urban dynamics and large-scale human mobility will play a vital role in building smart cities and sustainable urbanization. Existing research in this domain mainly focuses on a single data source (e.g., ...Understanding urban dynamics and large-scale human mobility will play a vital role in building smart cities and sustainable urbanization. Existing research in this domain mainly focuses on a single data source (e.g., GPS data, CDR data, etc.). In this study, we collect big and heterogeneous data and aim to investigate and discover the relationship between spatiotemporal topics found in geo-tagged tweets and GPS traces from smartphones. We employ Latent Dirichlet Allocation-based topic modeling on geo-tagged tweets to extract and classify the topics. Then the extracted topics from tweets and temporal population distribution from GPS traces are jointly used to model urban dynamics and human crowd flow. The experimental results and validations demonstrate the efficiency of our approach and suggest that the fusion of cross-domain data for urban dynamics modeling is more practical than previously thought.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes,are about 21–24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants an...MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes,are about 21–24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals.Generally,the types and quantities of miRNAs in the different tissues of an organism are diverse,and these divergences may be related to their specific functions.Here we have identified 296 known miRNAs and 46 novel miRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator by high-throughput sequencing.Thirty-three miRNAs were predicted to target olfactory-associated genes,including odorant binding proteins(OBPs),chemosensory proteins,odorant receptors(ORs),ionotropic receptors(IRs)and gustatory receptors.Among these,17 miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in the antennae,four miRNAs were highly expressed both in the antennae and head or wings,while the remaining 12 miRNAs were mainly expressed in the head,thorax,abdomen,legs and wings.Notably,miR-9a-5p and miR-2525-3p were highly expressed in male antennae,whereas miR-1000-5p and novel-miR-13 were enriched in female antennae.The 17 miRNAs highly expressed in antennae are likely to be associated with olfaction,and were predicted to target one OBP(targeted by miR-3751-3p),one IR(targeted by miR-7-5p)and 14 ORs(targeted by 15 miRNAs including miR-6-3p,miR-9a-5p,miR-9b-5p,miR-29-5p,miR-71-5p,miR-275-3p,miR-1000-5p,miR-1000-3p,miR-2525-3p,miR-6012-3p,miR-9719-3p,novel-miR-10,novel-miR-13,novel-miR-14 and novel-miR-28).These candidate olfactory-associated miRNAs are all likely to be involved in chemoreception through the regulation of chemosensory gene expression in the antennae of M.mediator.展开更多
The competition between physical aging and structural rejuvenation determines the physical and mechanical properties of glassy materials.Thus,the rejuvenation-aging boundary must be identified quantitatively.In this w...The competition between physical aging and structural rejuvenation determines the physical and mechanical properties of glassy materials.Thus,the rejuvenation-aging boundary must be identified quantitatively.In this work,we unravel a stress boundary to distinguish rejuvenation from aging via the thermo-mechanical creep of a typical Zr-based metallic glass.The crept glasses were rejuvenated into high-enthalpy disordered states when the applied stress exceeded a threshold that was numerically close to the steady-state flow stress;otherwise,the glasses were aged.A theoretical model for glass creep was adopted to demystify the observed stress threshold of rejuvenation.The model revealed that the thermo-mechanical creep beyond the threshold stress could activate sufficient shear transformations to create a net free volume,thus leading to structural rejuvenation.Furthermore,we derived the analytical expressions for the threshold and flow stresses.Both stresses can act as the rejuvenation-aging boundary,which is well supported by experimental creep data.The present work procures a deeper understanding of the rejuvenation mechanism of glasses and provides useful implications for abstaining from glass aging.展开更多
To the Editor:Anemia is a common finding among patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs),nearly 60%of ICU patients had serum hemoglobin levels<12 g/dL at baseline,30%of whom had serum hemoglobin levels<9 g...To the Editor:Anemia is a common finding among patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs),nearly 60%of ICU patients had serum hemoglobin levels<12 g/dL at baseline,30%of whom had serum hemoglobin levels<9 g/dL,over 95%of critically ill patients were anemic within 3 days of ICU admission.[1]Moreover,anemia may be aggravated or newly developed in critically ill patients during their ICU stay.展开更多
Federated learning came into being with the increasing concern of privacy security,as people’s sensitive information is being exposed under the era of big data.It is an algorithm that does not collect users’raw data...Federated learning came into being with the increasing concern of privacy security,as people’s sensitive information is being exposed under the era of big data.It is an algorithm that does not collect users’raw data,but aggregates model parameters from each client and therefore protects user’s privacy.Nonetheless,due to the inherent distributed nature of federated learning,it is more vulnerable under attacks since users may upload malicious data to break down the federated learning server.In addition,some recent studies have shown that attackers can recover information merely from parameters.Hence,there is still lots of room to improve the current federated learning frameworks.In this survey,we give a brief review of the state-of-the-art federated learning techniques and detailedly discuss the improvement of federated learning.Several open issues and existing solutions in federated learning are discussed.We also point out the future research directions of federated learning.展开更多
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid(TLL),a peculiar one-dimensional(1D)electronic behavior due to strong correlation,was first studied in 1D nanostructures and has attracted significant attention over the last several decades.W...Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid(TLL),a peculiar one-dimensional(1D)electronic behavior due to strong correlation,was first studied in 1D nanostructures and has attracted significant attention over the last several decades.With the rise of new two-dimensional(2D)quantum materials,1D nanostructures in 2D materials have provided a new platform with a well-defined configuration at the atomic scale for studying TLL electronic behavior.In this paper,we review the recent progress of TLL electronic features in emerging 2D materials embedded with various 1D nanostructures,including island edges,domain walls,and 1D moirépatterns.Specifically,novel physical phenomena,such as 1D edge states in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),helical TLL in 2D topological insulators(2DTI),and chiral TLL in 2D quantum Hall systems,are described and discussed at the nanoscale.We also analyze challenges and opportunities at the frontier of this research area.展开更多
文摘This research is based on the framework of social constructivism,utilizing the principle of Human Universals as a methodology to compare the similarities and differences between the ideation and formation methods of Chinese characters and English alphabets.Through comparative analysis of the ideation of English letters(pictogramme)and the origin of Chinese characters,known as the"Six Categories Theory,"we discover their alignment in terms of social,traditional,and cultural aspects.This suggests that different ethnic groups share common features in terms of life experience,learning cognitive development,and thinking habits.This study also finds that the origins of English letters and Chinese characters share similar linguistic features in their methods of constructing letters/characters,such as pictographic,ideographic,and semantic characteristics.Exploring these commonalities contributes to promoting learning and communication between Chinese and English characters.Additionally,by focusing on socio-cultural aspects,traditional customs,and cognitive learning,this study aims to break away from the traditional linguistic research approach that solely focuses on language differences.This provides a broader perspective and richer dimensions for Chinese and English language learning,facilitating the development of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.
文摘Timely and accurate population statistic data plays an important role in many fields.To illustrate the demographic characteristics,population density is a crucial factor in evaluating population data.With a dynamic regional migration in population,it is a challenging job to evaluate population density without a census-based survey.We present the approach to classify satellite images in different magnitudes in population density and execute the comparative experiment to discuss the factors that influence the identification to the images with the deep learning approach.In this paper,we use satellite imagery and community population density data.With convolutional neural networks,we evaluated the performance of CNN on population estimation with satellite images,found the features that are important in population estimation,and then perform the sensitive analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41231068, 41374187, 41531073 and 41674147)
文摘We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading sunspot with positive magnetic polarity rotated counterclockwise.As expected,the rotation was significantly affected by the two flares.Magnetic transients induced by the flares were clearly evident in the sunspots with negative polarity.They were moving across the sunspots with speed of order 3-7 km s^(-1).Furthermore,the trend of magnetic flux evolution in these sunspots exhibited changes associated with the flares.These results may shed light on understanding the evolution of sunspots.
文摘Ovarian cancer(OC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among gynaecologicalmalignancies.Emerging studies suggest that the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)may be the potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the cancer.The current study was carried out to investigate the role of lncRNA CCHE1 silencing in OC cell invasion and migration.Expression of lncRNA CCHE1 in normal ovarian cell Hose and OC cell lines HO 8910,A2780 and SKOV3 was detected.LncRNA were transfected with siRNA,and then the proliferation of cells was detected by using MTT assay.Cell invasion and migration was measured by using Transwell assay and scratch test,respectively.The protein levels of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,ERK,p38-MAPK and the phosphorylation of ERK and p38-MAPK in cells after siRNA transfection were detected by using Western blot analysis.Consequently,lncRNA CCHE1 expression was highly expressed in OC cell lines,especially in SKOV3 cells.siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA3 all decreased.lncRNA CCHE1 expression in SKOV3 cells and siRNA2 showed the best silencing efficacy.Silencing of lncRNA CCHE1 decreased proliferation,invasion and migration,and reduced the protein levels of N-cadherin,ERK,p38-MAPK and the phosphorylation of ERK and p38-MAPK,while reducing the protein level of E-cadherin in SKOV3 cells.Collectively,our study proved that the silencing of lncRNA CCHE1 could inhibit SKOV3 cell invasion and migration via inactivating the p38-MAPK signaling pathway.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570870)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2016J01375)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Fujian Medical University(No.C4015,No.C19067,No.S202010392022X)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2(GCD2)by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.METHODS:The data were collected by questionnaire,and analyzed by Chi-square test and one-tailed t test in IBM SPSS statistics.RESULTS:Based on the survey data on the awareness of GCD2 genetic detection in this study and the positive predictive analysis report of the citizens in five cities in China,the vast majority(84.2%)of respondents had never heard of it and did not know that GCD2 patients have been prohibited from performing excimer surgery that can deteriorate GCD2 patients’condition even leading to blindness.Though 3.4%of patients understood GCD2 very much,they have no idea that GCD2 could not be 100%accuracy diagnosed by the conventional inspection methods.CONCLUSION:It is feasible and necessary to use GCD2 genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project.In order to promote the development of detection project,a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts,costs,and research progress.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471778,31672038,31621064 and 31772176).
文摘Sensory neuron membrane proteins(SNMPs),homologs of the human fatty acid transport protein CD36 family,are observed to play a significant role in chemoreception,especially in detecting sex pheromone in Drosophila and some lepidopteran species.In the current study,two full‐length SNMP transcripts,MmedSNMP1 and MmedSNMP2,were identified in the parasitoid Microplitis mediator(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of MmedSNMP1 was significantly higher in antennae than in other tissues of both sexes.In addition,the MmedSNMP1 transcript was increased dramatically in newly emerged adults and there were no significant differences between adults with or without mating and parasitic experiences.However,compared with MmedSNMP1,the expression of MmedSNMP2 was widely found in various tissues,significantly increased at half‐pigmented pupae stage and remained at a relatively constant level during the following developmental stages.It was found that MmedSNMP1 contained eight exons and seven introns,which was highly conserved compared with other insect species.In situ hybridization assay demonstrated that MmedSNMP1 transcript was distributed widely in antennal flagella.Among selected chemosensory genes(odorant binding protein,odorant receptor,and ionotropic receptor genes),MmedSNMP1 only partially overlapped with MmedORco in olfactory sensory neurons of antennae.Subsequent immunolocalization results further indicated that MmedSNMP1 was mainly expressed in sensilla placodea of antennae and possibly involved in perceiving plant volatiles and sex pheromones.These findings lay a foundation for further investigating the roles of SNMPs in the chemosensation of parasitoids.
文摘Understanding urban dynamics and large-scale human mobility will play a vital role in building smart cities and sustainable urbanization. Existing research in this domain mainly focuses on a single data source (e.g., GPS data, CDR data, etc.). In this study, we collect big and heterogeneous data and aim to investigate and discover the relationship between spatiotemporal topics found in geo-tagged tweets and GPS traces from smartphones. We employ Latent Dirichlet Allocation-based topic modeling on geo-tagged tweets to extract and classify the topics. Then the extracted topics from tweets and temporal population distribution from GPS traces are jointly used to model urban dynamics and human crowd flow. The experimental results and validations demonstrate the efficiency of our approach and suggest that the fusion of cross-domain data for urban dynamics modeling is more practical than previously thought.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672038,31621064 and 31772176)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0300105 and 2017YFD0201900).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes,are about 21–24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals.Generally,the types and quantities of miRNAs in the different tissues of an organism are diverse,and these divergences may be related to their specific functions.Here we have identified 296 known miRNAs and 46 novel miRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator by high-throughput sequencing.Thirty-three miRNAs were predicted to target olfactory-associated genes,including odorant binding proteins(OBPs),chemosensory proteins,odorant receptors(ORs),ionotropic receptors(IRs)and gustatory receptors.Among these,17 miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in the antennae,four miRNAs were highly expressed both in the antennae and head or wings,while the remaining 12 miRNAs were mainly expressed in the head,thorax,abdomen,legs and wings.Notably,miR-9a-5p and miR-2525-3p were highly expressed in male antennae,whereas miR-1000-5p and novel-miR-13 were enriched in female antennae.The 17 miRNAs highly expressed in antennae are likely to be associated with olfaction,and were predicted to target one OBP(targeted by miR-3751-3p),one IR(targeted by miR-7-5p)and 14 ORs(targeted by 15 miRNAs including miR-6-3p,miR-9a-5p,miR-9b-5p,miR-29-5p,miR-71-5p,miR-275-3p,miR-1000-5p,miR-1000-3p,miR-2525-3p,miR-6012-3p,miR-9719-3p,novel-miR-10,novel-miR-13,novel-miR-14 and novel-miR-28).These candidate olfactory-associated miRNAs are all likely to be involved in chemoreception through the regulation of chemosensory gene expression in the antennae of M.mediator.
基金This work was supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project(Grant No.12125206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972345,and 11790292)the NSFC Basic Science Center for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(Grant No.11988102).
文摘The competition between physical aging and structural rejuvenation determines the physical and mechanical properties of glassy materials.Thus,the rejuvenation-aging boundary must be identified quantitatively.In this work,we unravel a stress boundary to distinguish rejuvenation from aging via the thermo-mechanical creep of a typical Zr-based metallic glass.The crept glasses were rejuvenated into high-enthalpy disordered states when the applied stress exceeded a threshold that was numerically close to the steady-state flow stress;otherwise,the glasses were aged.A theoretical model for glass creep was adopted to demystify the observed stress threshold of rejuvenation.The model revealed that the thermo-mechanical creep beyond the threshold stress could activate sufficient shear transformations to create a net free volume,thus leading to structural rejuvenation.Furthermore,we derived the analytical expressions for the threshold and flow stresses.Both stresses can act as the rejuvenation-aging boundary,which is well supported by experimental creep data.The present work procures a deeper understanding of the rejuvenation mechanism of glasses and provides useful implications for abstaining from glass aging.
文摘To the Editor:Anemia is a common finding among patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs),nearly 60%of ICU patients had serum hemoglobin levels<12 g/dL at baseline,30%of whom had serum hemoglobin levels<9 g/dL,over 95%of critically ill patients were anemic within 3 days of ICU admission.[1]Moreover,anemia may be aggravated or newly developed in critically ill patients during their ICU stay.
基金This work was supported by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(2020B121201001).
文摘Federated learning came into being with the increasing concern of privacy security,as people’s sensitive information is being exposed under the era of big data.It is an algorithm that does not collect users’raw data,but aggregates model parameters from each client and therefore protects user’s privacy.Nonetheless,due to the inherent distributed nature of federated learning,it is more vulnerable under attacks since users may upload malicious data to break down the federated learning server.In addition,some recent studies have shown that attackers can recover information merely from parameters.Hence,there is still lots of room to improve the current federated learning frameworks.In this survey,we give a brief review of the state-of-the-art federated learning techniques and detailedly discuss the improvement of federated learning.Several open issues and existing solutions in federated learning are discussed.We also point out the future research directions of federated learning.
基金supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project(Grant No.12125206)of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)the NSFC Basic Science Center for"Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics"(Grant No.11988102)the NSFC(Grant Nos.11972345 and 11790292).
基金Thanks for the financial supporting from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0308800 and 2019YFA0308000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61971035,61901038,and 61725107)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.Z190006 and 4192054)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB30000000 and XDB28000000)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.2020CX04084).
文摘Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid(TLL),a peculiar one-dimensional(1D)electronic behavior due to strong correlation,was first studied in 1D nanostructures and has attracted significant attention over the last several decades.With the rise of new two-dimensional(2D)quantum materials,1D nanostructures in 2D materials have provided a new platform with a well-defined configuration at the atomic scale for studying TLL electronic behavior.In this paper,we review the recent progress of TLL electronic features in emerging 2D materials embedded with various 1D nanostructures,including island edges,domain walls,and 1D moirépatterns.Specifically,novel physical phenomena,such as 1D edge states in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),helical TLL in 2D topological insulators(2DTI),and chiral TLL in 2D quantum Hall systems,are described and discussed at the nanoscale.We also analyze challenges and opportunities at the frontier of this research area.