Soil salinization is a serious ecological problem worldwide and information regarding the salt tolerance mechanisms of Salix is scarce.To elucidate the dynamic changes in the molecular mechanisms of Salix under salt s...Soil salinization is a serious ecological problem worldwide and information regarding the salt tolerance mechanisms of Salix is scarce.To elucidate the dynamic changes in the molecular mechanisms of Salix under salt stress,we generated gene expression profiles and examined changes in the expression of those genes.RNA-Seq was used to produce six cDNA libraries constructed from the leaves of Salix ×jiangsuensis CL‘J2345’treated with NaCl for 0,2,6,12,24 and 48 h.In total,249 million clean reads were assembled into 12,739 unigenes,all of which were clustered into 10 profiles based on their temporal expression patterns.KEGG analysis revealed that as an early defense response,the biosynthesis pathways of cutin,suberin and wax,which are involved in cell wall structure,were activated beginning at 2 h.The expression of secondary metabolism genes,including those involved in the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol pathways,peaked at 6 h and 24 h;the upregulated genes were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways and beta-alanine,galactose and betalain metabolism.We identified roles of key phytohormones and found ETH to be the major signaling molecule activating TFs at 12 h;ETH,ABA,IAA and SA were the key molecules at 24 h.Moreover,we found that the upregulated genes were associated with elevated levels of amino acids,sucrose,inositol,stress proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes,contributing to the maintenance of water balance.This research constitutes the first detailed analysis of salt stress-related mechanisms in Salix and identifies potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve yields.展开更多
Safety plays an important role in determining the applicability of energetic compounds,and the bond dissociation enthalpy(BDE)of the“trigger bond”X-NO_(2) provides useful information to evaluate various safety prope...Safety plays an important role in determining the applicability of energetic compounds,and the bond dissociation enthalpy(BDE)of the“trigger bond”X-NO_(2) provides useful information to evaluate various safety properties.Accurate and rapid calculation of the BDE of X-NO_(2) is of great significance to perform the high-throughput design of energetic compounds,which becomes an increasingly popular means of materials design.We conduct a benchmark BDE calculation for 44 X-NO_(2) samples extracted from the iBond database,with the accuracies of 55 quantum chemistry calculation levels evaluated by the experimentally measured values.Only four levels have the global mean-absolute deviation(MAD)less than 10 kJ/mol,but no calculation level can achieve that all the local MADs of each category less than 10 kJ/mol.We propose a simple correction strategy for the original calculation deviations,and apply it to 30 calculation levels screened out through a series of accuracy assessments and obtain the corrected MAD<6 kJ/mol in some cases.We define a normalized time-cost(NTC)to evaluate the time-cost of each calculation level,and confirm that PBE0-D3/6-31G^(**)(MAD=6.4 kJ/mol,NTC?0.8)works the best for most cases,followed by M062X/6-31g^(**),M062X/6-311g^(**)andɷB97XD/6-311g^(**),based on an insight into the accuracy-cost trade.The present work provides an accurate and fast solution for calculating XNO_(2) BDE via quantum chemical methods,and is expected to be beneficial to enhance the safety prediction efficiency of energetic compounds.展开更多
Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has affected over 6,000,000 people globally[1].Patients with COVID-19 manifest with symptoms of fever,dry cough,dyspnea,and present with radiological changes ...Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has affected over 6,000,000 people globally[1].Patients with COVID-19 manifest with symptoms of fever,dry cough,dyspnea,and present with radiological changes that are consistent with atypical pneumonia[2].Pathogenetic mechanisms for these abnormalities involve the systemic immune response that is associated with the hyperactivation of peripheral CD8+and CD4+T cells,and a cytokine storm[3].Globally,the reported prevalence of patients with COVID-19 and cancer ranges from 0.5%to 6.0%in the different case series[4].展开更多
A control method for Multi-Input Multi-Output（MIMO） non-Gaussian random vibration test with cross spectra consideration is proposed in the paper. The aim of the proposed control method is to replicate the specified ...A control method for Multi-Input Multi-Output（MIMO） non-Gaussian random vibration test with cross spectra consideration is proposed in the paper. The aim of the proposed control method is to replicate the specified references composed of auto spectral densities, cross spectral densities and kurtoses on the test article in the laboratory. It is found that the cross spectral densities will bring intractable coupling problems and induce difficulty for the control of the multioutput kurtoses. Hence, a sequential phase modification method is put forward to solve the coupling problems in multi-input multi-output non-Gaussian random vibration test. To achieve the specified responses, an improved zero memory nonlinear transformation is utilized first to modify the Fourier phases of the signals with sequential phase modification method to obtain one frame reference response signals which satisfy the reference spectra and reference kurtoses. Then, an inverse system method is used in frequency domain to obtain the continuous stationary drive signals. At the same time, the matrix power control algorithm is utilized to control the spectra and kurtoses of the response signals further. At the end of the paper, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration shaker test are implemented and the results support the proposed method very well.展开更多
Operational Modal Analysis(OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OM...Operational Modal Analysis(OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.展开更多
The conversion of solar energy in a wide spectrum region to clean fuel,H_(2),remains a challenge in the field of photocatalysis.Herein,plasmonic TiN nanobelts,as a novel cocatalyst,were coupled with CdS nanoparticles ...The conversion of solar energy in a wide spectrum region to clean fuel,H_(2),remains a challenge in the field of photocatalysis.Herein,plasmonic TiN nanobelts,as a novel cocatalyst,were coupled with CdS nanoparticles to construct a 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction.Utilization of the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect generated from TiN nanobelts was effective in promoting light absorption in the near-infrared region,accelerating charge separation,and generating hot electrons,which can effectively improve the photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity of the 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction over a wide spectral range.Furthermore,owing to the high metallicity and low work function,an ohmic-junction was formed between the CdS and TiN,favoring the transfer of hot electrons generated from TiN nanobelts the CdS nanoparticles,followed by the reaction with water to generate H_(2).Consequently,the 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction demonstrated H_(2) generation activity even under light irradiation at 760 nm,while the pure CdS and Pt nanoparticles modified CdS presented no activity.This work opens a new insight into coupling plasmonic cocatalysts to realize full spectrum H_(2) production.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400572)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20141039)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31300556).
文摘Soil salinization is a serious ecological problem worldwide and information regarding the salt tolerance mechanisms of Salix is scarce.To elucidate the dynamic changes in the molecular mechanisms of Salix under salt stress,we generated gene expression profiles and examined changes in the expression of those genes.RNA-Seq was used to produce six cDNA libraries constructed from the leaves of Salix ×jiangsuensis CL‘J2345’treated with NaCl for 0,2,6,12,24 and 48 h.In total,249 million clean reads were assembled into 12,739 unigenes,all of which were clustered into 10 profiles based on their temporal expression patterns.KEGG analysis revealed that as an early defense response,the biosynthesis pathways of cutin,suberin and wax,which are involved in cell wall structure,were activated beginning at 2 h.The expression of secondary metabolism genes,including those involved in the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol pathways,peaked at 6 h and 24 h;the upregulated genes were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways and beta-alanine,galactose and betalain metabolism.We identified roles of key phytohormones and found ETH to be the major signaling molecule activating TFs at 12 h;ETH,ABA,IAA and SA were the key molecules at 24 h.Moreover,we found that the upregulated genes were associated with elevated levels of amino acids,sucrose,inositol,stress proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes,contributing to the maintenance of water balance.This research constitutes the first detailed analysis of salt stress-related mechanisms in Salix and identifies potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve yields.
基金the support of the Science Challenge Project(TZ-2018004)。
文摘Safety plays an important role in determining the applicability of energetic compounds,and the bond dissociation enthalpy(BDE)of the“trigger bond”X-NO_(2) provides useful information to evaluate various safety properties.Accurate and rapid calculation of the BDE of X-NO_(2) is of great significance to perform the high-throughput design of energetic compounds,which becomes an increasingly popular means of materials design.We conduct a benchmark BDE calculation for 44 X-NO_(2) samples extracted from the iBond database,with the accuracies of 55 quantum chemistry calculation levels evaluated by the experimentally measured values.Only four levels have the global mean-absolute deviation(MAD)less than 10 kJ/mol,but no calculation level can achieve that all the local MADs of each category less than 10 kJ/mol.We propose a simple correction strategy for the original calculation deviations,and apply it to 30 calculation levels screened out through a series of accuracy assessments and obtain the corrected MAD<6 kJ/mol in some cases.We define a normalized time-cost(NTC)to evaluate the time-cost of each calculation level,and confirm that PBE0-D3/6-31G^(**)(MAD=6.4 kJ/mol,NTC?0.8)works the best for most cases,followed by M062X/6-31g^(**),M062X/6-311g^(**)andɷB97XD/6-311g^(**),based on an insight into the accuracy-cost trade.The present work provides an accurate and fast solution for calculating XNO_(2) BDE via quantum chemical methods,and is expected to be beneficial to enhance the safety prediction efficiency of energetic compounds.
基金supported by the National Medical Research Council Clinician-scientist award(NMRC/CSA/0027/2018)the Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(WJ2019H002)+2 种基金Health Commission of Hubei Province Medical Leading Talent Project,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042018kf1037,2042019kf0329)Medical Science Advancement Program(Basic Medical Sciences)of Wuhan University(TFJC2018005)Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Science,Technology and Innovation Seed Fund(znpy2017049,znpy2018070).
文摘Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has affected over 6,000,000 people globally[1].Patients with COVID-19 manifest with symptoms of fever,dry cough,dyspnea,and present with radiological changes that are consistent with atypical pneumonia[2].Pathogenetic mechanisms for these abnormalities involve the systemic immune response that is associated with the hyperactivation of peripheral CD8+and CD4+T cells,and a cytokine storm[3].Globally,the reported prevalence of patients with COVID-19 and cancer ranges from 0.5%to 6.0%in the different case series[4].
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX17_0234)
文摘A control method for Multi-Input Multi-Output（MIMO） non-Gaussian random vibration test with cross spectra consideration is proposed in the paper. The aim of the proposed control method is to replicate the specified references composed of auto spectral densities, cross spectral densities and kurtoses on the test article in the laboratory. It is found that the cross spectral densities will bring intractable coupling problems and induce difficulty for the control of the multioutput kurtoses. Hence, a sequential phase modification method is put forward to solve the coupling problems in multi-input multi-output non-Gaussian random vibration test. To achieve the specified responses, an improved zero memory nonlinear transformation is utilized first to modify the Fourier phases of the signals with sequential phase modification method to obtain one frame reference response signals which satisfy the reference spectra and reference kurtoses. Then, an inverse system method is used in frequency domain to obtain the continuous stationary drive signals. At the same time, the matrix power control algorithm is utilized to control the spectra and kurtoses of the response signals further. At the end of the paper, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration shaker test are implemented and the results support the proposed method very well.
文摘Operational Modal Analysis(OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.
基金sustained by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975110 and 21972058)financial support from Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong Provincesupported by the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(No.SKLPEE-KF202102)。
文摘The conversion of solar energy in a wide spectrum region to clean fuel,H_(2),remains a challenge in the field of photocatalysis.Herein,plasmonic TiN nanobelts,as a novel cocatalyst,were coupled with CdS nanoparticles to construct a 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction.Utilization of the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect generated from TiN nanobelts was effective in promoting light absorption in the near-infrared region,accelerating charge separation,and generating hot electrons,which can effectively improve the photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity of the 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction over a wide spectral range.Furthermore,owing to the high metallicity and low work function,an ohmic-junction was formed between the CdS and TiN,favoring the transfer of hot electrons generated from TiN nanobelts the CdS nanoparticles,followed by the reaction with water to generate H_(2).Consequently,the 0D/1D CdS/TiN heterojunction demonstrated H_(2) generation activity even under light irradiation at 760 nm,while the pure CdS and Pt nanoparticles modified CdS presented no activity.This work opens a new insight into coupling plasmonic cocatalysts to realize full spectrum H_(2) production.
