On Degenerate Array Type Polynomials

In the paper,with the help of the Fa′a di Bruno formula and an identity of the Bell polynomials of the second kind,the authors define degenerateλ-array type polynomials,establish two explicit formulas,and present several recurrence relations of degenerateλ-array type polynomials and numbers.

The epidermal immune microenvironment plays a dominant role in psoriasis development,as revealed by mass cytometry

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease.The diversity and heterogeneity of immune cells in human skin have been studied in recent years,but the spatial distribution of immune cells at the single-cell level in the human psoriatic epidermis and dermis remains unclear.In this study,we mapped psoriatic skin immune cells from paired lesional,perilesional,and nonlesional skin samples using mass cytometry.Phenotypic dendritic cells(DCs)were found in the psoriatic epidermis and dermis.Psoriatic dermal CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s migrated to the epidermis in the perilesional skin during the preinitiation stage.CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s rapidly replaced EpCAM^(+)CD11c^(low) LC cells and initiated inflammation.Simultaneously,CD207^(+)CD11c^(hi) LC and CD5^(+)T cells accumulated in the psoriatic epidermis and orchestrated epidermal inflammation in psoriasis.The immune cell pool in the psoriatic dermis primarily included APCs and T cells.However,unlike that in the dermis,the epidermal immune environment was more significant and coincided with the inflammation occurring during psoriasis.

Nail Changes as the Initial Sign of Psoriasis: A Case Report

Introduction:Nail psoriasis has a profound negative influence on quality of life and has a more closely relationship with psoriatic arthritis.However,patients with nail changes only were often overlooked with the diagnosis of psoriasis.It is necessary to pay more attention to nail psoriatic changes.Herein,we report a 24-year-old male patient with nail changes as the initial sign of psoriasis who was finally diagnosed with nail psoriasis.Case presentation:The nails presented with white streaks,deformations,and had been missed for 8 months.Physical examination further revealed one erythematous scaly plaque on the buttock,anusand scalp respectively with positive Auspitz sign.Combined with the negative fungal microscopic,dermoscopic results and pathological results,the diagnosis of nail psoriasis was made.Oralacitretin(30 mg/day)and topical calcipotriene liniment was prescribed for 3 months followed with etanercept(50 mg once per week),and the nail symptoms were well controlled.Discussion:Nail psoriasis is usually noticed after the occurrence of skin lesions,but may occur simultaneously with or before skin psoriasis.Occasionally,nail involvement is the only manifestation of psoriasis.Nail lesions maybe one of the strongest clinical predictors of psoriatic and it has a profound negative influence on quality of life,so that timely recognition and proper treatment are improtant.Conclusion:Nail psoriasis can cause substantial physical and psychological impairment.However,nail involvement is an often overlooked feature of psoriasis.More attention should be paid to nail psoriatic changes and the administration of appropriate treatment.