Excavation collapse of Hangzhou subway station in soft clay and numerical investigation based on orthogonal experiment method

This paper studies the excavation collapse at the Xianghu subway station on Hangzhou metro line 1.The objective is to present an overview of this case study and discuss the cause of the failure.Through field investigation and preliminary analysis,the reasons for the excavation collapse were the misuse of the soil parameters,over excavation,incorrect installation of steel struts,invalid monitoring data,and inadequate ground improvement.Finally,a small strain constitutive model was used for further analysis.In order to estimate damage efficiently,the orthogonal array(OA) was introduced for screening the key factor in the numerical experiments.Six estimated indexes including deformations and internal forces of the excavation were taken,and the effectiveness of four factors which may cause the collapse was evaluated.Through numerical experiments and interaction analysis,it is found that the deformation and internal force can be well controlled by jet grouting of the subsoil under the final cutting surface,but increasing the improvement ratio of the jet grouting cannot help optimize the excavation behavior efficiently,and without jet grouting and the fourth level struts,the deformation and internal force of the excavation in this case will far surpass the allowable value.