平台纵摇对漂浮式风电机组叶片气弹特性的影响研究

海上风电向深远海发展,漂浮式风电机组成为发展方向。漂浮式风电机组存在多自由度平台运动,同时伴随海上多变的风况,叶片的气动特性和结构响应非常复杂。本文基于自由涡尾迹法与模态法建立了漂浮式风电机组叶片气弹模型,对NREL 5MW风电机组叶片的气弹特性进行了模拟,与采用BEM和GDW方法的计算结果进行对比。在对比验证的基础上,采用耦合模型研究了平台纵摇运动下NREL 5MW风电机组叶片气弹特性,结果表明,本文建立的耦合模拟方法可以准确地模拟平台运动下的气动性能与结构动态响应;平台运动会显著增加叶片气动性能的波动,平均功率明显增大,平均推力略有降低;平台运动使叶片表面等效应力发生波动,叶尖变形增大,中内叶展较外叶展更容易受到平台运动的影响。

平台运动对漂浮式风电机组气动功率和推力的影响研究

漂浮式风电机组存在平台六自由度运动,使得风电机组气动特性的非定常性显著。本文采用自由涡尾迹法对NREL 5MW风电机组的气动特性进行了模拟。为了能清晰比较单个平台运动对气动性能的影响,将浮式平台的纵摇、纵荡以及横摇运动简化为给定的正弦函数,研究了不同振幅的平台纵荡、纵摇、横摇运动以及两者和三者之间耦合运动下风电机组的气动功率和推力变化。结果表明:浮式平台的运动会导致风电机组功率和推力的波动,平台纵摇运动影响最大,横摇运动的影响最小;较剧烈的耦合运动会显著增加平均发电量;平台三自由度耦合运动中,增大纵荡振幅可以增大平均功率输出,并减少平均推力。

Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels

Industrial experiments were carried out to investigate the formation of CaS-bearing inclusion during Ca double modification in oil casting steels using polished cross sections and electrolytic extraction. Immediately after Ca addition, the role of newly generated CaS as an intermediate reaction product, which modified the Al_2O_3 inclusion into a liquid calcium aluminate, was confirmed. The formation of transient CaS was attributed to the high surface segregation of S at the liquid steel-calcium vapor interface, where a simple site coverage model based upon the Langmuir adsorption equation was established. Moreover, a CaS outer layer surrounding the liquid calcium aluminate was attained mainly in the tundish, which was distributed unevenly on the surface of liquid particles according to the three-dimensional mapping results. The surface of a well-modified calcium aluminate with higher CaO activity and Al_2O_3 activity under bulk composition conditions in the tundish acted as a favorable site for the generation of CaS. Additionally, CaS could be precipitated directly onto existing inclusions during solidification of the steel, which led to various morphologies of CaS-bearing inclusions in slabs. Furthermore, the phase transformation of inclusions during solidification was strongly influenced both by the S content and the Ca/S ratio in the tundish via thermodynamics.

Research on stress-induced apoptosis of natural killer cells and the alteration of their killing activity in mouse liver

AIM:To investigate the stress-induced apoptosis of natural killer(NK)cells and the changes in their killing activity in mouse livers.METHODS:A restraint stress model was established in mice.Flow cytometry was employed to measure the percentage of NK cells and the changes in their absolute number in mouse liver.The cytotoxicity of hepatic and splenic NK cells was assessed against YAC-1 target cells via a 4 h 51Cr-release assay.RESULTS:The restraint stress stimulation induced the apoptosis of NK cells in the liver and the spleen,which decreased the cell number.The number and percentage of NK cells in the spleen decreased.However,the number of NK cells in the liver decreased,whereas the percentage of NK cells was significantly increased.The apoptosis of NK cells increased gradually with prolonged stress time,and the macrophage-1(Mac-1)+NK cells were more susceptible to apoptosis than Mac-1-NK cells.Large numbers of Mac-1-NK cells in the liver,which are more resistant to stress-induced apoptosis,were observed than the Mac-1-NK cells in the spleen.The stress stimulation diminished the killing activity of NK cells in the spleen was significantly decreased,but the retention of numerous Mac-1-NK cells in the liver maintained the killing ability.CONCLUSION:Significant stress-induced apoptosis was observed among Mac-1+NK cells,but not Mac-1-NK cells in the mouse liver.Stress stimulation markedly decreased the killing activity of NK cells in the spleen but remained unchanged in the liver.

Hoffa's fracture in a five-year-old child diagnosed and treated with the assistance of arthroscopy:A case report

BACKGROUND Hoffa’s fracture is a coronal-oriented fracture of the femoral condyle.It is rarely observed in pediatric patients that isolated coronal fracture of the medial femoral condyle accompanies an intact lateral femoral condyle.Only a few cases involving Hoffa’s fracture of the medial femoral condyle have been reported in patients with undeveloped skeletons.Such a fracture cannot be observed by routine imaging examinations,thus resulting in possible misdiagnosis and further treatment challenges.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy with Hoffa’s fracture of the medial femoral condyle suffered from right knee pain and severe swelling after being hit by a heavy object.The patient was misdiagnosed and initially treated in a local primary healthcare center.No improvement in his right knee’s extension was observed following conservative treatment for 2 wk.The patient was transferred to our hospital,rediagnosed using arthroscopy,and underwent open reduction and internal fixation.The therapeutic outcome was satisfactory with the screws removed 7 mo after fixation.At the final follow-up of 40 mo,the range of motion in the knee had recovered.There was no varus-valgus instability.CONCLUSION Hoffa’s fracture is rarely seen in children aged 5 years,let alone in the medial condyle,and can easily be misdiagnosed due to limited physical and imaging examinations.Suspected Hoffa’s fracture in preschool children should be confirmed based on arthroscopic findings.Open reduction and internal fixation should be performed to protect the articular surface and prevent long-term complications.

Characteristics of SEN clogging and adhesive behavior of oxide inclusion during continuous casting of Ti-stabilized ultra-pure ferritic stainless steels

Submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging during continuous casting of Ti-stabilized ultra-pure ferritic stainless(Ti-UPFS)steels was systematically investigated via cross-sectional analysis and acid dissolution treatment.The SEN deposit profile was characterized as occurring in three major layers:(1)an eroded refractory layer;(2)an initial adhesive layer comprised an Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) composite sub-layer and a dense Al_(2)O_(3)-based deposit sub-layer;and(3)a porous multiphase deposit layer mainly consisting of MgO·Al_(2)O_(3),CaO-Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO-TiOx.The MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)-rich inclusions did not adhere directly to the eroded refractory but were entrapped during the deposit growth.Results of inclusion characterization in the tundish revealed that the MgO·Al2O3-rich particles present in the tundish served as the primary source of clogging deposits.Furthermore,a novel cavity-induced adhesion model by circular approximation was established to explain the effects of complex inclusion characteristics and refractory material type on adhesion force.A high number of small MgO·Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions were expected to accelerate the buildup of clogging deposits.Improving the modification of MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)-rich inclusions in the size range of 2-4μm by Ca treatment was crucial to minimizing the risk of SEN clogging during the continuous casting of Ti-UPFS steels.

用于增强结肠癌化疗的肠道菌群葡萄糖醛酸酶响应甘草酸胶束

肿瘤细胞表面过表达P-糖蛋白(P-gp)是导致肿瘤化疗耐药的重要原因.抑制P-gp表达能有效增强化疗效果.为克服结肠癌化疗耐药,本研究设计、制备了一种肠道菌群葡萄糖醛酸酶响应的甘草酸胶束用于递送化疗药物和原位产生P-gp抑制剂.通过自组装,甘草酸(glycyrrhizin,GL)形成胶束,包载疏水性药物阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX);在GL胶束表面静电交联正电性壳聚糖(chitosan,CS),构建DOX@GLCS胶束.在原位结肠癌小鼠模型中,口服DOX@GLCS胶束后,其在胃和小肠中保持稳定,在富含细菌的结肠和肿瘤区域被特异性降解,释放化疗药物阿霉素.同时,细菌分泌的葡萄糖醛酸酶可以转化GL生成P-gp抑制剂甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid,GA),抑制肿瘤细胞P-gp表达,增加药物的细胞内浓度.经DOX@GLCS治疗后,小鼠肿瘤负荷明显降低,受损肠道黏膜得到修复.该肠道菌群响应释药策略为克服结肠癌化疗耐药提供了一种新思路.

Effect of direct charging of hot recycled slag on hot metal pretreatment dephosphorization in a dephosphorization furnace

Industrial experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the direct charging of hot recycled slag(DCHRS)on hot metal pretreatment dephosphorization in a dephosphorization furnace.The bulk compositions of semi-steel and slag show that a better dephosphorization effect could be achieved by applying the DCHRS process in the dephosphorization furnace.Compared with the bulk compositions in normal heats,the mean contents of phosphorus in the semi-steel and total Fe in the final slag were decreased by 0.006 and 1.93 wt.%,respectively,with an increase of approximately 6°C in the semisteel temperature.According to mineralogical observations,the dephosphorization slags in normal heats and test heats were similar in petrographic constituents,but the metal loss was markedly decreased in the DCHRS process.Thermodynamic calculations show that even though the dephosphorization slag in the DCHRS process had the same dephosphorization capacity as that in the normal refining process,the phosphorus distribution between slag and hot metal in the new process was slightly higher and closer to the reaction equilibrium.Meanwhile,proper operating conditions,including slag basicity,total Fe content in the final slag,bath temperature,slag formation and slag volume,were optimized to improve the dephosphorization efficiency under the condition of the DCHRS process.The consumption of lime,light-burnt dolomite and oxygen during blowing was significantly decreased by the DCHRS process.

Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Objective:To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods:Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes,including 60 patients without DPN(NDPN group)and 30 patients with DPN(DPN group),and 30 healthy participants(normal group)were enrolled.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc.The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN.Results:The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average((101.07±12.40)μm vs.(111.07±6.99)μm and(109.25±6.90)μm),superior quadrant((123.00±19.04)μm vs.(138.93±14.16)μm and(134.47±14.34)μm),and inferior quadrant((129.37±17.50)μm vs.(143.60±12.22)μm and(144.48±14.10)μm),and the differences were statistically significant.The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average,superior quadrant,and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses,and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar,and the AUCs were 0.739(95%confidence interval(CI)0.635–0.826),0.683(95%CI 0.576–0.778),0.755(95%CI 0.652–0.840),and 0.773(95%CI 0.672–0.854),respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%.Conclusions:The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.