Objective Cytotoxin-associated protein （CagA） of H. pylori has been confirmed to be closely associated with gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis, but the mechanism behind it is little understood. In this study, we...Objective Cytotoxin-associated protein （CagA） of H. pylori has been confirmed to be closely associated with gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis, but the mechanism behind it is little understood. In this study, we try to determine roles of CagA＋ strain in activating PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway, and affecting expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1, and also in releasing IL-8 in host cells. Methods Akt1 phosphorylation and IL-8 levels of CagA＋ and CagAˉ strain infected AGS cells were detected by ELISAs. Two quantitative RT-PCRs were established to measure p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 mRNA levels in the CagA＋ and CagAˉ strain infected cells. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway, was used to define effect of the pathway in IL-8 release. Results CagA＋ strain could induce an obvious elevation of Akt1 phosphorylation in the infected AGS cells while CagAˉ strain failed to do so. The CagA＋ H. pylori strain infected AGS cells showed significant drops both in p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 mRNA levels, whereas the CagAˉ H. pylori strain caused a remarkable increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA without affecting p27KIP1 gene transcription in the AGS cells. Both the CagA＋ and CagAˉ H. pylori strains enabled AGS cells to produce close elevated levels of IL-8, and the LY294002 block resulted in unexpected elevations of IL-8 levels. Conclusion CagA can activate PI3K/Akt1 pathway that plays an inhibitory role in IL-8 release in H. pylori infected AGS cells. Activation of PI3K/Akt1 pathway and subsequent negative regulation of p21^WAF1/CIP1 and p27^KIP1 expression might be involved in CagA-associated carcinogenesis.展开更多
To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional frequency measurement method does not meet the requirement of equal precision, a design method of equal precision frequency meter based on FPGA is proposed. The system ...To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional frequency measurement method does not meet the requirement of equal precision, a design method of equal precision frequency meter based on FPGA is proposed. The system modules are all realized in Altera’s FPGA chip EP2C35F672C8. Experimental results show that the system can measure frequencies with equal precision in the whole frequency range, and the measurement error is small. It achieves the requirement of equal precision measurements.展开更多
基金supported by a grant (2008ZZ06) from the National Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases of China
文摘Objective Cytotoxin-associated protein （CagA） of H. pylori has been confirmed to be closely associated with gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis, but the mechanism behind it is little understood. In this study, we try to determine roles of CagA＋ strain in activating PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway, and affecting expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1, and also in releasing IL-8 in host cells. Methods Akt1 phosphorylation and IL-8 levels of CagA＋ and CagAˉ strain infected AGS cells were detected by ELISAs. Two quantitative RT-PCRs were established to measure p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 mRNA levels in the CagA＋ and CagAˉ strain infected cells. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway, was used to define effect of the pathway in IL-8 release. Results CagA＋ strain could induce an obvious elevation of Akt1 phosphorylation in the infected AGS cells while CagAˉ strain failed to do so. The CagA＋ H. pylori strain infected AGS cells showed significant drops both in p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 mRNA levels, whereas the CagAˉ H. pylori strain caused a remarkable increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA without affecting p27KIP1 gene transcription in the AGS cells. Both the CagA＋ and CagAˉ H. pylori strains enabled AGS cells to produce close elevated levels of IL-8, and the LY294002 block resulted in unexpected elevations of IL-8 levels. Conclusion CagA can activate PI3K/Akt1 pathway that plays an inhibitory role in IL-8 release in H. pylori infected AGS cells. Activation of PI3K/Akt1 pathway and subsequent negative regulation of p21^WAF1/CIP1 and p27^KIP1 expression might be involved in CagA-associated carcinogenesis.
文摘To overcome the shortcoming that the traditional frequency measurement method does not meet the requirement of equal precision, a design method of equal precision frequency meter based on FPGA is proposed. The system modules are all realized in Altera’s FPGA chip EP2C35F672C8. Experimental results show that the system can measure frequencies with equal precision in the whole frequency range, and the measurement error is small. It achieves the requirement of equal precision measurements.
