Expression and Distribution Characteristics of Human Ortholog of Mammalian Enabled (hMena) in Glioma

Objective: To investigate the utility of hMena, a family of enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP), we sought to characterize the expression profile and distribution characteristics of hMena in a large panel of glioma samples and determine whether hMena expression levels might correlate with the pathological grade of glioma. Methods: Sixty-five specimens of glioma with different pathological grades and five control brain tissues were collected. In 6 of the 21 glioblastoma patients, multi-specimens were obtained respectively from the main tumor mass, the junction zone between the tumor and the normal tissue, and adjacent brain tissue 1.5 cm away from the tumor boundary under assistance of neuronavigation system during the operation. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution characteristics of hMena. hMena expression was analyzed by Western blot in 20 specimens. Results: The hMena expression was negative in control brain tissue but positive in different grades of glioma. The expression rate of hMena was positively correlated with the increasing grade of the World Health Orgnization (WHO) classification (rs=0.682, P=0.000). hMena was located in cytoplasm. Positive cells only distributed around the vessels within the tumor mass in low grade glioma, while in high grade glioma, these cells were able to be detected not only in the tumor but also in the boundary zone and adjacent brain parenchyma. In the tumor mass, hMena expressed highly and diffusedly. In the junction zone, hMena positive cells formed radiolitic pattern around the vessels. In adjacent brain parenchyma, single positive cell was scattered. hMena expression was markedly elevated in Grade III and IV glioma compared with Grade II and I. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the expression of hMena is closely related to malignant grade of glioma. hMena can label the migrating cells, and indicate the migrating path of glioma cells from the tumor to adjacent tissue along with the vascular basement membranes and tracts of white matter.

Zircon U-Pb ages of the two-periods magmatism from the Xiuwacu Mo-W-Cu deposit, northwest Yunnan, China

The Xiuwacu deposit is a large magmatic hydrothermal Mo-W-Cu deposit, and also a typical representative of the late Triassic mineralization in Geza Arc (Lai AQ et al., 2016;Liu XL et al., 2017). The Xiuwacu pluton intruded into the Lamaya Formation, and contains two periods of rocks bounded by intrusive contact. Nonetheless, most of the intrusive boundaries were superposed by later fault structures.

Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

The wave-particle duality relation derived by Englert sets an upper bound of the extractable information from wave and particle properties in a two-path interferometer.Surprisingly,previous studies demonstrated that the introduction of a quantum beamsplitter in the interferometer could break the limitation of this upper bound,due to interference between wave and particle states.Along the other line,a lot of efforts have been made to generalize this relation from the two-path setup to the N-path case.Thus,it is an interesting question that whether a quantum N-path beamsplitter can break the limitation as well.This paper systemically studies the model of a quantum N-path beamsplitter,and finds that the generalized wave-particle duality relation between interference visibility and path distinguishability is also broken in certain situations.We further study the maximal extractable information's reliance on the interference between wave and particle properties,and derive a quantitative description.We then propose an experimental methodology to verify the break of the limitation.Our work reflects the effect of quantum superposition on wave-particle duality,and exhibits a new aspect of the relation between visibility and path distinguishability in N-path interference.Moreover,it implies the observer's influence on wave-particle duality.

Does Early Postsurgical Temozolomide Plus Concomitant Radiochemotherapy Regimen Have Any Benefit in Newly-diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients？ A Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel, Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial

Background： The radiochemotherapy regimen concomitantly employing temozolomide （TMZ） chemotherapy and radiotherapy （RT） 4 weeks after surgery, followed by 6 cycles of TMZ is a common treatment for glioblastoma （GBM）. However, its median overall survival （OS） is only 14.6 months. This study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of early TMZ chemotherapy between surgery and chemoradiotherapy plus the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen. Methods： A randomized, parallel group, open-label study of 99 newly diagnosed GBM patients was conducted at 10 independent Chinese neurosurgical departments from June 2008 to June 2012. Patients were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen plus early postsurgical temozolomide （early TMZ group） or standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen （control group）. Overall response was assessed based on objective tumor assessments, administration ofcorticosteroid and neurological status test. Hematological, biochemical, laboratory, adverse event （AE）, and neurological condition were measured for 24 months of tbllow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint of this study was overall survival （OS）. The secondary endpoint was progression free survival （PFS）. Results： The median OS time in the early TMZ group was 17.6 months, compared with 13.2 months in the control group （log-rank test P 0.021 ）. In addition, the OS rate in the early TMZ group was higher at 6, 12, and 18 months than in the control group, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. The median PFS time was 8.7 months in the early TMZ group and 10.4 months in the control group （log-rank test P = 0.695）. AEs occurred in 29 （55.8%） and 31（73.8%） patients respectively in early and control groups, including nausea （15.4% vs. 33.3%）, vomiting （7.7% vs. 28.6%）, fever （7.7% vs. 11.9%）, and headache （3.8% vs. 23.8%）. Only 30.8% and 33.3% were drug-related, respectively. Conclusions： Addition of TMZ chemotherapy in the early break of the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen was well tolerated and significantly improved the OS of the GBM patients, compared with standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen. However, a larger randomized trial is warranted to verify these results.

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of alkynyl bromides with Grignard reagents

We describe a convenient method for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted acetylenes via a cross-coupling reaction of （bromoethynyl）benzene with Grignard reagents. The reaction of （bromoethynyl）benzene （1 mmol） with Grignard reagent （1.3 mmol） mediated by NiCl2 （4 mol%） and （p-CH3Ph）3P （8 mol%） in THF could produce 1,2-disubstituted acetylenes in good yields at room temperature.