Increased life-span of Drosophila melanogaster by Flavonoids from Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi induced by hydrogen peroxide

目的：探讨黄芩中黄酮类化合物在过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导黑腹果蝇模型中的作用及机制.方法：采用H2O2诱导黑腹果蝇衰老模型,研究黄芩中黄酮化合物的作用.其次,研究了黄芩素和汉黄芩素对mRNA表达的影响.结果：黄芩素和汉黄芩素能够通过增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）和玫瑰红（RY）mRNA的表达,延长H2O2诱导果蝇老化模型的寿命.结论：黄芩素和汉黄芩素可能通过上调SOD,CAT和RYmRNA的表达,延长H2O2诱导的果蝇老化模型的寿命.

Mechanisms of Chinese medical formula Fangji Huangqi Decoction as an effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome based on systems pharmacology

Objective: With the development of the society, the number of people who catch the nephrotic syndrome(NS) is going up roughly. As we all know, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially Fangji Huangqi Decoction(FHD), has a long history with good curative effects on NS. However, the mechanism of FHD treating NS has not been clearly elucidated.Methods: In this study, TCMSP platform was employed to screen active compounds of each herb of Fangji Huangqi Decoction combined with literatures. Furthermore, PharmMapper and SEA were used to predict and screen the active targets of FHD, and the HOME-NCBI-GENE, GeneCards and OMIM database were used to screen the active targets of NS. The GO and KEGG pathways involved in the targets were analyzed by Clue GO. Finally, contribution index was used to screen the active ingredients of FHD in the treatment of NS.Results: After drug-likeness(DL) and bioavailability(OB) filtering, 43 compounds were selected from FHD,interacting with 85 NS-related targets. Systematic analysis of the constructed networks revealed that it was mainly involved in PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The contribution index of every active ingredient also indicated five compounds, including astragaloside IV, quercetin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin and fangchinoline.Conclusions: These results have successfully predicted the pharmacodynamic material basis and the mechanism efficiency of FHD in the treatment of NS.

Research Progress on Antidepressant Therapeutic Biomarkers of Xiaoyaosan

Depression is one of the most prevalent and serious mental disorders with a significant burden of disease.Xiaoyaosan(XYS),a well-known Chinese formula,has been widely used in the treatment of depression.Both clinical studies and animal experiments have indicated that XYS has an obvious antidepressant activity.How to select objective pharmacodynamic markers for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatments based on clinical metabolites,linking pathogenic genes,and drug targets,is a bottleneck problem in the modernization of TCM.To address this issue,we sorted out clinical metabonomics experiments of XYS in treating depression,constructed a metabolic profile of therapeutic biomarkers,and deduced metabolic biomarker-protein interactions networks.The therapeutic biomarkers found for XYS were involved in neurotransmitter synthesis,energy metabolism,and gut microbial metabolism.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis of depression and evaluate the efficacy of XYS in its treatment.

Investigation on Endogenous Metabolites in Pancreas of Diabetic Rats after Treatment by Genipin through^1H-NMR-based Metabolomic Profiles

Objective To investigate the change rules of endogenous metabolites in pancreas of the diabetic rats, and to explore the mechanism of genipin treatment for diabetes rats. Methods Metabolomic method based on ^1H-NMR was applied, the diabetic rat model was prepared by ip injecting alloxan, and the high-, mid-, and low-dose genipin or metformin hydrochloride was ig injected as well as the rats in control and model groups were given the same volume of normal saline for 2 weeks. The pancreases of rats were collected and ^1H-NMR test was conducted, the metabolomic technology was adopted to analyze the endogenous metabolite changes in pancreas. Results The high-dose genipin possessed a better hypoglycemic effect, which could increase the contents of isoleucine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, and significantly reduce the contents of lactic acid, alanine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and creatine in pancreas of diabetic rats. Conclusion This study provided a theoretical basis for further exploration on the pathogenesis of diabetes and the mechanism of genipin for treatment of diabetes.

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Decipher the Mechanisms of Anti-depression of Xiaoyaosan Formula

Objective: Depression is one of the prevalent and prominent complex psychiatric diseases, and the number of depressed patients has been on the rise globally during the recent decades.Xiaoyaosan, as a famous Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in depression patients for a long time.However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain uncertain because of the difficulty of depression pathophysiology and the lack of bioinformatic approach to understand the molecular connection.Materials and Methods: In this thesis, we applied a network pharmacology approach to explain the potential mechanisms between Xiaoyaosan and depression involved in oral bioavailability screening, drug-likeness assessment, caco-2 permeability, blood–brain barrier target recognition, and network analysis.Results: Sixty-six active compounds in Xiaoyaosan formula with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles are predicted as active compounds for antidepression treatment.Network analyses showed that these 66 compounds target 40 depression-associated proteins including especially HTR2A, NR3C1, monoamine oxidase inhibitor B, XDH, and CNR2.These proteins are mainly involved in the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, cAMP signaling pathways, and calcium signaling pathways.Conclusion: The integrated network pharmacology method can provide a new approach for understanding the pathogenesis of depression and uncovering the molecular mechanisms of Xiaoyansan, which will also facilitate the application of traditional Chinese herbs in modern medicine.

Identification and activity evaluation of Astragalus Radix from different germplasm resources based on specific oligosaccharide fragments

Objective: Based on trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) hydrolysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) and high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) analysis, the carbohydrate responsible for immunomodulatory activity are used as quality indicators for Astragalus Radix(AR).Methods: In this study, 24 batches of AR from different germplasm resources were selected as the research object, and AR polysaccharides were extracted. PAGE and HPTLC methods were used to analyze the partial acid hydrolyzate of AR polysaccharides and obtain a series of saccharide fingerprints. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis to obtain the difference between AR from different germplasm resources.Results: The results showed that trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide could be used as differential fragments to distinguish AR of different cultivation methods;Disaccharides and trisaccharides can be used as differential fragments to distinguish different species of AR. The immunological activity analysis of the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR showed that the specific oligosaccharide fragment of AR could promote the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO in THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion: Both PAGE and HPTLC methods can be used to evaluate AR from different germplasm resources. This study laid the foundation for the quality evaluation of AR medicinal herbs.

Total syntheses of bupleurynol and its analog

An efficient route to the natural products bupleurynol and its analog（RB-2）,isolated from Bupleuri Radix,was established based on versatile intermediate（15）.In this synthetic route,Sonogashira and CadiotChodkiewicz coupling as well as Julia-Kocienski olefination are utilized as key steps.The highly efficient synthetic route provides opportunities to explore the biological behavior of bupleurynol and RB-2.

Fractography and morphology of shear bands of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass

Bulk metallic glasses（BMGs）have attracted considerable attention in the last few decades particularly triggered by their potential applications as novel structural and/or functional materials,owing to their superior strength,large elastic strain limit and relatively low Young′s modulus etc.compared to their crystalline counterparts.Here,a 3Dreconstruction application to the fractography and the morphology of shear bands was reported for a ductile Zr_（56）Co_（28）Al_（16）（at.%）BMG through a Phenom series desktop scanning electron microscope.The results of the 3Dreconstruction and the following contour analysis indicate a typical shear fracture mode for the investigated alloy.It is inferred that the fractography and the morphology of shear bands might be dependent on their composition,structure states,and loading conditions for BMGs.