Boundary states for entanglement robustness under dephasing and bit flip channels

We investigate the robustness of entanglement for a multiqubit system under dephasing and bit flip channels. We exhibit the difference between the entanglement evolution of the two forms of special states, which are locally unitarily equivalent to each other and therefore possess precisely the same entanglement properties, and demonstrate that the difference increases with the number of qubits n. Moreover, those two forms of states are either the most robust genuine entangled states or the most fragile ones, which confirm that local unitary(LU) operations can greatly enhance the entanglement robustness of n-qubit states.

Total and cause-specific mortality attributable to cold spells in China:A multicity and multicounty study

Climate change has resulted in an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme cold weather events,but few multicity or multicounty researches have explored the association between cold spells and mortality risk and burden.We collected daily data on climate,sociodemo-graphic factors and mortality in 18 cities/counties across 11 geographical regions for the period of November to March 2014-2018.A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to examine the association between cold spells and mortality after adjustment for confounding factors.Twelve definitions of cold spells were used.Multi-meta regression analysis was applied to pool the impacts over different regions.Cold spells were significantly associated with all-cause mortality at lag 0-21(CRR:1.38,95%CI:1.21,1.57).In addition to respiratory diseases and cir-culatory system diseases,digestive,endocrine and nervous system diseases and injury were also affected by cold spells.The magnitude of the impacts of cold spells on mortality varied among the diseases investigated,with the highest risk estimate found for influenza and pneumonia(CRR:2.00,95%CI:1.45,2.76)and the lowest estimate found for injury(CRR:1.26,95%CI:1.09,1.46).The fraction of all-cause mortality attributable to cold spells was 2.31%(95%CI:0.90%,3.46%).Among the regional differences,the attributable burden of all-cause mortality was higher in rural areas and subtropical monsoon climate zone,with attributable fractions of 2.85%(95%CI:1.23%,4.11%)and 3.36%(95%CI:0.55%,5.35%),respectively.Cold spells increased mortality from a range of diseases.Women,older adults and residents of rural areas and subtropical monsoon climate zone were more vulnerable to cold spells impacts.The findings may help to formulate preventive strategies and early warning response plans to reduce mortality burden of extreme cold events.

Connecting Information to Promote Public Health

With the development of information technology in the past 12 years,China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor.These information systems are described as public health information systems(PHIS) in China.When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative,economic and legal,local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and timeconsuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely,accurate and complete data.Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record(EMR) and electronic health record(EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China,there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR(EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making.The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China,making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China,exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR(EMR),and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.